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Number 6 of 1965.
AIR NAVIGATION AND TRANSPORT ACT, 1965
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Acts Referred to | |
1936, No. 40 | |
1959, No. 1 | |
1961, No. 41 | |
Air Navigation (International Lines) Order, 1935 | 1935, S.R. & O., No. 560 |
Number 6 of 1965.
AIR NAVIGATION AND TRANSPORT ACT, 1965
Interpretation.
1.—(1) In this Act—
“air service” means a flight or flights by one or more aircraft carrying passengers, cargo or mail for reward;
“the Guadalajara Convention” means the Convention, supplementary to the Warsaw Convention, for the unification of certain
rules relating to international carriage by air performed by a person other than the contracting carrier done at Guadalajara, Mexico, on the 18th day of September, 1961;
“the Minister” means the Minister for Transport and Power;
“the Principal Act” means the Air Navigation and Transport Act, 1936;
“the Act of 1959” means the Air Navigation and Transport Act, 1959.
(2) References in this Act to the territory of the State shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as including the territorial seas adjacent to such territory.
Guadalajara Convention to have the force of law in the State.
2.—(1) The provisions of the Guadalajara Convention, as set out in the Schedule to this Act, shall have the force of law in the State.
(2) The Government may by order from time to time certify who are the Contracting States to the Guadalajara Convention and in respect of what territories they are respectively Contracting States.
Interpretation of Guadalajara Convention.
3.—(1) In the Schedule to this Act “the Warsaw Convention” means in relation to carriage by air—
(a) if the carriage is under the Convention set out in the First Schedule to the Principal Act, that Convention, and
(b) if the carriage is under that Convention as amended by the Protocol set out in the Schedule to the Act of 1959, that Convention as so amended,
but, in relation to rights or liabilities arising out of an occurrence before the day on which Part III of the Act of 1959 came into operation, “the Warsaw Convention” means the Convention set out in the First Schedule to the Principal Act.
(2) In Articles VII and VIII of the Guadalajara Convention “court” includes (in an arbitration allowed by the Conventions referred to in the foregoing subsection or by Article IX, 3 of the Guadalajara Convention) an arbitrator.
Re-enactment with amendments of section 18 of Principal Act.
4.—The following section shall be substituted for section 18 (inserted by the Civil Liability Act, 1961), of the Principal Act:
“Liability of carrier in the event of the death of a passenger.
18. (1) (a) In this section—
‘dependant’, in relation to a passenger in respect of whose death a liability is imposed on a carrier by Article 17 of the Warsaw Convention or the Guadalajara Convention, means any member of the family of the deceased who suffers injury or mental distress;
‘member of the family’ means wife, husband, father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, stepfather, stepmother, son, daughter, grandson, granddaughter, stepson, stepdaughter, brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister.
(b) In deducing any relationship for the purposes of this section—
(i) a person adopted under the Adoption Acts, 1952 and 1964, shall be considered the legitimate offspring of the adopter or adopters;
(ii) subject to subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, an illegitimate person shall be considered the legitimate offspring of his mother and reputed father;
(iii) a person in loco parentis to another shall be considered the parent of that other.
(2) Any liability to pay damages imposed by Article 17 of the Warsaw Convention or the Guadalajara Convention on a carrier in respect of the death of a passenger shall be in substitution for any liability of the carrier in respect of the death of that passenger under any statute (including Part IV of the Civil Liability Act, 1961) or at common law, and the following provisions shall have effect in relation to the action to enforce the liability so imposed—
(a) the liability shall be enforceable for the benefit of the dependants of the passenger;
(b) only one action for damages may be brought in the State against the same person in respect of the death;
(c) the action may be brought by the personal representative of the passenger or, if at the expiration of six months from the death there is no personal representative or no action has been brought by the personal representative, by all or any of the dependants;
(d) the action, by whomsoever brought, shall be for the benefit of all the dependants who are either resident in the State or, not being resident there, express a desire to take the benefit of the action;
(e) the plaintiff shall furnish the defendant with particulars of the persons for whom and on whose behalf the action is brought;
(f) subject to paragraph (m) of this subsection—
(i) the damages shall be the total of such amounts (if any) as the jury or the judge, as the case may be, shall consider proportioned to the injury resulting from the death to each of the dependants, respectively, for whom or on whose behalf the action is brought, and
(ii) subject to paragraph (g) of this subsection, the total of such amounts (if any) as the judge shall consider reasonable compensation for mental distress resulting from the death to each of such dependants;
(g) the total of any amounts awarded by virtue of subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (f) of this subsection shall not exceed one thousand pounds;
(h) each amount awarded by virtue of paragraph (f) of this subsection shall be indicated separately in the award;
(i) in addition, damages may be awarded in respect of funeral and other expenses actually incurred by the passenger, the dependants or the personal representative as a result of the accident which caused the death of the passenger;
(j) it shall be sufficient for the defendant in paying money into court in the action to pay it in one sum as damages for all the dependants without apportioning it between them;
(k) the amount recovered in the action shall, after deducting the costs not recovered from the defendant, be divided among the persons entitled in such shares as the jury or the judge, as the case may be, may have determined;
(l) in assessing the damages account shall not be taken of any sum payable on the death of the passenger under any contract of insurance, or of any pension, gratuity or other like benefit payable under statute or otherwise in consequence of the death of the deceased;
(m) the court before which the action is brought may at any stage of the proceedings make such order as appears to the court to be just and equitable in view of the provisions of the First Schedule to this Act limiting the liability of the carrier and of any proceedings which have, or are likely to be, commenced outside the State in respect of the death of the passenger.
(3) In this section ‘the Guadalajara Convention’ means the Convention, supplementary to the Warsaw Convention, for the unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air performed by a person other than the contracting carrier done at Guadalajara, Mexico, on the 18th day of September, 1961.”
Amendment of section 20 of Principal Act.
5.—In section 20 of the Principal Act references to the First Schedule to that Act shall be construed as including references to the Guadalajara Convention.
Restriction on operation of air services.
6.—(1) An air service shall not be operated to, from, within or over the territory of the State unless—
(a) (i) the service is of a kind standing authorised by an order under section 7 of this Act and the service is operated in accordance with the provisions of the order, or
(ii) an authorisation under section 8 of this Act is in force in respect of the service and, if the authorisation contains any provisions or conditions, the service is operated in accordance with those provisions or conditions,
and
(b) in the case of a service to, from or within the territory of the State—
(i) if an order under section 9 of this Act fixing the fares or rates to be charged for the carriage of passengers, cargo and mail on the service is in force, the fares or rates so fixed are charged on the service, and
(ii) if the fares or rates to be charged for the carriage of passengers, cargo and mail on the service stand approved of by the Minister under section 10 of this Act, the fares or rates so standing approved are charged on the service.
(2) Subsection (1) of this section and section 19 of this Act shall come into operation on such day as the Minister may appoint by order.
Power to authorise by order the operation of air services.
7.—(1) The Minister may by order authorise, subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order, the operation of such air services, or categories of air services, to, from, within or over the territory of the State as may be specified in the order.
(2) An order under this section may contain such provisions in relation to the operation of air services to which it applies as the Minister thinks appropriate.
(3) Categories of air services may be denoted in an order under this section in such manner and by reference to such matters, including the origin and destination of the flight or flights comprising the air service, as the Minister thinks appropriate.
(4) The Minister may by order revoke or amend an order under this section including an order under this subsection.
(5) Upon the coming into operation of an order under this section, the Air Navigation (International Lines) Order, 1935, shall cease to have effect.
Authorisation to operate air services.
8.—(1) The Minister may, in his absolute discretion, grant or refuse to grant an authorisation to any person entitling the person to operate an air service to, from, within or over the territory of the State.
(2) An authorisation under this section may contain such provisions and conditions as the Minister thinks appropriate.
(3) The Minister may, whenever he so thinks fit, amend or revoke a provision or condition of an authorisation under this section.
(4) Subject to subsection (5) of this section, an authorisation under this section shall remain in force for such period as the Minister thinks fit and specifies in the authorisation.
(5) Upon breach of, or failure, neglect or omission to comply with, a provision or condition contained in an authorisation under this section, the Minister may revoke the authorisation.
(6) (a) The Minister may make regulations for the purposes of this section.
(b) Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (a) of this subsection, regulations under this subsection may prescribe forms of authorisations under this section, forms of application for such authorisations, the information to be furnished to the Minister by applicants for such authorisations, and (with the consent of the Minister for Finance) provide for the payment of fees on the grant of such authorisations and (with the consent aforesaid) prescribe the amount of the fees (including different amounts in respect of authorisations in relation to different air services and in relation to air services previously the subject of authorisations under this section).
(7) A certificate purporting to be signed by an officer of the Minister and to certify that on a specified day or days or during the whole of a specified period an authorisation under this section was not in force in respect of a specified air service shall, without proof of the signature of the person purporting to sign the certificate or that he was an officer of the Minister, be evidence until the contrary is proved of such of the matters aforesaid as are purported to be certified in and by the certificate.
Power to fix by order fares and rates charged on air services.
9.—(1) The Minister may, by order, fix the fares or rates to be charged for the carriage of passengers, cargo or mail on air services to, from or within the territory of the State.
(2) An order under this section may fix different fares or rates in respect of different air services or different categories of passengers, cargo or mail and may apply in relation to all air services to, from or within the territory of the State or in relation only to a specified air service or specified air services to, from or within such territory.
(3) The Minister may by order revoke or amend an order under this section including an order under this subsection.
Approval of fares and rates charged on air services.
10.—(1) The Minister may in his absolute discretion approve or refuse to approve of the fares or rates proposed to be charged for the carriage of passengers, cargo or mail on an air service to, from or within the territory of the State.
(2) A certificate purporting to be signed by an officer of the Minister and to certify that on a specified day or days or during the whole of a specified period the fares or rates charged on a specified air service for the carriage of passengers, cargo or mail on the service did not stand approved under this section shall, without proof of the signature of the person purporting to sign the certificate or that he was an officer of the Minister, be evidence until the contrary is proved of such of the matters aforesaid as are purported to be certified in and by the certificate.
Keeping of records and furnishing of information to Minister in respect of air services.
11.—The Minister may by regulations under this section—
(a) require persons operating air services to, from, within or over the territory of the State—
(i) to keep records of such matters in relation to the aircraft engaged in those services as may be specified in the regulations,
(ii) to keep records of such matters in relation to the passengers, cargo and mail carried on those services as may be specified in the regulations,
(iii) to furnish to the Minister copies, summaries and abstracts of the records aforesaid at such times as may be specified in the regulations, and
(iv) if the Minister so thinks fit, to furnish the summaries and abstracts aforesaid in such form as the Minister may prescribe in the regulations,
(v) to produce records kept pursuant to the regulations to officers of the Minister and permit their inspection by the officers, and
(vi) to furnish to the Minister such information in relation to fares or rates charged or proposed to be charged in respect of the carriage of passengers, cargo and mail on those services as the Minister may specify, and
(b) provide for inspection by officers of the Minister of records kept pursuant to the regulations.
Penalties.
12.—(1) If—
(a) an aircraft flies in contravention of a provision of this Act or an order, regulation or direction under this Act,
(b) an aircraft fails to comply with a provision of this Act or an order or regulation under this Act, or
(c) an act is committed in respect of an aircraft which is a contravention of a provision of this Act or an order, regulation or direction under this Act,
the owner or hirer (not being the State) of the aircraft and also the person in command thereof shall be deemed to have contravened or, as the case may be, failed to comply with the provision.
(2) A person who contravenes or fails to comply with or who is deemed by this section to have contravened or failed to comply with a provision of this Act or an order, regulation or direction under this Act shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable—
(a) on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds or, at the discretion of the Court, to both the imprisonment and the fine, or
(b) on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding one thousand pounds or, at the discretion of the Court, to both the imprisonment and the fine.
(3) In any prosecution of a person for an alleged contravention of or failure to comply with a provision of this Act or an order, regulation or direction under this Act it shall be a defence for the person to prove that the contravention or failure was due to stress of weather or other unavoidable cause, and in any prosecution of the owner, hirer or person in command of an aircraft for such alleged contravention or failure it shall be a defence for the owner, hirer or person in command to prove that the alleged contravention or failure took place without his actual default or privity.
(4) An offence under this Act may be prosecuted by or at the suit of the Minister as prosecutor.
Detention of aircraft.
13.—(1) The Minister may by order provide for the detention of aircraft to secure compliance with the provisions of this Act or orders, regulations or directions under this Act.
(2) The references in sections 64 and 65 of the Principal Act to that Act shall be construed as including references to this Act and the said section 64 shall have effect, in its application to an offence committed in relation to an aircraft detained under this Act, as if the following were added to subsection (5): “or on conviction on indictment thereof to a fine not exceeding one thousand pounds”.
Extension of section 62 of Principal Act.
14.—The references in subsections (1) and (2) of section 62 of the Principal Act to that Act shall be construed as including references to this Act.
Application to State aircraft.
15.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, this Act shall not apply to State aircraft.
(2) The Minister may by order direct that such provisions of this Act or any order or regulations made thereunder as may be specified in the order shall, with or without modifications, apply to State aircraft, and whenever an order is made under this subsection and is in force, such of those provisions as may be specified in the order shall, subject to the modifications, if any, specified in the order, apply to State aircraft.
(3) The Minister may by order amend or revoke an order under this section including an order under this subsection.
(4) In this section “State aircraft” means aircraft of any country used in military, customs and police services.
Regulations and directions.
16.—The Minister may make regulations or give directions in relation to any matter in respect of which the Minister is authorised by an order or regulations under this Act to make regulations or give directions for carrying out the purposes of the order or regulations.
General provisions in relation to orders and regulations made by the Minister.
17.—(1) An order or regulations made by the Minister under this Act may authorise the Minister to make regulations and give directions for carrying out the purposes of the order or regulations in respect of such matters and things as may be specified in the order or regulations.
(2) An order or regulations made by the Minister under this Act may contain such incidental, supplementary and consequential provisions as appear to the Minister to be necessary or expedient for the purposes of the order or regulations.
(3) Every order and regulation made by the Minister under this Act shall be laid before each House of the Oireachtas as soon as may be after it is made, and if a resolution annulling the order or regulation is passed by either House within the next subsequent twenty-one days on which that House has sat after the order or regulation is laid before it, the order or regulation shall be annulled accordingly, but without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done thereunder.
Expenses of Minister.
18.—The expenses incurred by the Minister in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas.
Repeal.
19.—Parts IX and X of the Principal Act are hereby repealed.
Short title and collective citation.
20.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Air Navigation and Transport Act, 1965.
(2) This Act and the Air Navigation and Transport Acts, 1936 to 1963, may be cited together as the Air Navigation and Transport Acts, 1936 to 1965.
SCHEDULE.
CONVENTION,
Supplementary to the Warsaw Convention, for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air Performed by a Person Other than the Contracting Carrier.
THE STATES SIGNATORY TO THE PRESENT CONVENTION
NOTING that the Warsaw Convention does not contain particular rules relating to international carriage by air performed by a person who is not a party to the agreement for carriage
CONSIDERING that it is therefore desirable to formulate rules to apply in such circumstances
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
Article I.
In this Convention:
(a) “Warsaw Convention” means the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929, or the Warsaw Convention as amended at The Hague, 1955, according to whether the carriage under the agreement referred to in paragraph (b) is governed by the one or by the other;
(b) “contracting carrier” means a person who as a principal makes an agreement for carriage governed by the Warsaw Convention with a passenger or consignor or with a person acting on behalf of the passenger or consignor;
(c) “actual carrier” means a person, other than the contracting carrier, who, by virtue of authority from the contracting carrier, performs the whole or part of the carriage contemplated in paragraph (b) but who is not with respect to such part a successive carrier within the meaning of the Warsaw Convention. Such authority is presumed in the absence of proof to the contrary.
Article II.
If an actual carrier performs the whole or part of carriage which, according to the agreement referred to in Article I, paragraph (b), is governed by the Warsaw Convention, both the contracting carrier and the actual carrier shall, except as otherwise provided in this Convention, be subject to the rules of the Warsaw Convention, the former for the whole of the carriage contemplated in the agreement, the latter solely for the carriage which he performs.
Article III.
1. The acts and omissions of the actual carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment shall, in relation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier, be deemed to be also those of the contracting carrier.
2. The acts and omissions of the contracting carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment shall, in relation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier, be deemed to be also those of the actual carrier. Nevertheless, no such act or omission shall subject the actual carrier to liability exceeding the limits specified in Article 22 of the Warsaw Convention. Any special agreement under which the contracting carrier assumes obligations not imposed by the Warsaw Convention or any waiver of rights conferred by that Convention or any special declaration of interest in delivery at destination contemplated in Article 22 of the said Convention, shall not affect the actual carrier unless agreed to by him.
Article IV.
Any complaint to be made or order to be given under the Warsaw Convention to the carrier shall have the same effect whether addressed to the contracting carrier or to the actual carrier. Nevertheless, orders referred to in Article 12 of the Warsaw Convention shall only be effective if addressed to the contracting carrier.
Article V.
In relation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier, any servant or agent of that carrier or of the contracting carrier shall, if he proves that he acted within the scope of his employment, be entitled to avail himself of the limits of liability which are applicable under this Convention to the carrier whose servant or agent he is unless it is proved that he acted in a manner which, under the Warsaw Convention, prevents the limits of liability from being invoked.
Article VI.
In relation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier, the aggregate of the amounts recoverable from that carrier and the contracting carrier, and from their servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment, shall not exceed the highest amount which could be awarded against either the contracting carrier or the actual carrier under this Convention, but none of the persons mentioned shall be liable for a sum in excess of the limit applicable to him.
Article VII.
In relation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier, an action for damages may be brought, at the option of the plaintiff, against that carrier or the contracting carrier, or against both together or separately. If the action is brought against only one of those carriers, that carrier shall have the right to require the other carrier to be joined in the proceedings, the procedure and effects being governed by the law of the court seised of the case.
Article VIII.
Any action for damages contemplated in Article VII of this Convention must be brought, at the option of the plaintiff, either before a court in which an action may be brought against the contracting carrier, as provided in Article 28 of the Warsaw Convention, or before the court having jurisdiction at the place where the actual carrier is ordinarily resident or has his principal place of business.
Article IX.
1. Any contractual provision tending to relieve the contracting carrier or the actual carrier of liability under this Convention or to fix a lower limit than that which is applicable according to this Convention shall be null and void, but the nullity of any such provision does not involve the nullity of the whole agreement, which shall remain subject to the provisions of this Convention.
2. In respect of the carriage performed by the actual carrier, the preceding paragraph shall not apply to contractual provisions governing loss or damage resulting from the inherent defect, quality or vice of the cargo carried.
3. Any clause contained in an agreement for carriage and all special agreements entered into before the damage occurred by which the parties purport to infringe the rules laid down by this Convention, whether by deciding the law to be applied, or by altering the rules as to jurisdiction, shall be null and void. Nevertheless, for the carriage of cargo arbitration clauses are allowed, subject to this Convention, if the arbitration is to take place in one of the jurisdictions referred to in Article VIII.
Article X.
Except as provided in Article VII, nothing in this Convention shall affect the rights and obligations of the two carriers between themselves.
Article XI.
Until the date on which this Convention comes into force in accordance with the provisions of Article XIII, it shall remain open for signature on behalf of any State which at that date is a Member of the United Nations or of any of the Specialized Agencies.
Article XII.
1. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States.
2. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Government of the United States of Mexico.
Article XIII.
1. As soon as five of the signatory States have deposited their instruments of ratification of this Convention, it shall come into force between them on the ninetieth day after the date of the deposit of the fifth instrument of ratification. It shall come into force for each State ratifying thereafter on the ninetieth day after the deposit of its instrument of ratification.
2. As soon as this Convention comes into force, it shall be registered with the United Nations and the International Civil Aviation Organisation by the Government of the United States of Mexico.
Article XIV.
1. This Convention shall, after it has come into force, be open for accession by any State Member of the United Nations or of any of the Specialized Agencies.
2. The accession of a State shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Government of the United States of Mexico and shall take effect as from the ninetieth day after the date of such deposit.
Article XV.
1. Any Contracting State may denounce this Convention by notification addressed to the Government of the United States of Mexico.
2. Denunciation shall take effect six months after the date of receipt by the Government of the United States of Mexico of the notification of denunciation.
Article XVI.
1. Any Contracting State may at the time of its ratification of or accession to this Convention or at any time thereafter declare by notification to the Government of the United States of Mexico that the Convention shall extend to any of the territories for whose international relations it is responsible.
2. The Convention shall, ninety days after the date of the receipt of such notification by the Government of the United States of Mexico, extend to the territories named therein.
3. Any Contracting State may denounce this Convention, in accordance with the provisions of Article XV, separately for any or all of the territories for the international relations of which such State is responsible.
Article XVII.
No reservation may be made to this Convention.
Article XVIII.
The Government of the United States of Mexico shall give notice to the International Civil Aviation Organisation and to all States Members of the United Nations or of any of the Specialized Agencies:
(a) of any signature of this Convention and the date thereof;
(b) of the deposit of any instrument of ratification or accession and the date thereof;
(c) of the date on which this Convention comes into force in accordance with Article XIII, paragraph 1;
(d) of the receipt of any notification of denunciation and the date thereof;
(e) of the receipt of any declaration or notification made under Article XVI and the date thereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, having been duly authorized, have signed this Convention.
DONE at Guadalajara on the eighteenth day of September One Thousand Nine Hundred and Sixty-one in three authentic texts drawn up in the English, French and Spanish languages. In case of any inconsistency, the text in the French language in which language the Warsaw Convention of 12 October 1929 was drawn up, shall prevail. The Government of the United States of Mexico will establish an official translation of the text of the Convention in the Russian language.
This Convention shall be deposited with the Government of the United States of Mexico with which, in accordance with Article XI, it shall remain open for signature, and that Government shall send certified copies thereof to the International Civil Aviation Organisation and to all States Members of the United Nations or of any Specialized Agency.
(Here follow signatures on behalf of certain States).
Uimhir 6 de 1965.
AN tACHT AERLOINGSEOIREACHTA AGUS AERIOMPAIR, 1965
[An tiontú oifigiúil.]
Léiriú
1.—(1) San Acht seo—
ciallaíonn “aersheirbhís” eitilt nó eitiltí a dhéanfaidh aerárthach nó aerárthaí a bheidh ag iompar paisinéirí, lasta nó poist ar luaíocht;
ciallaíonn “Coinbhinsiún Guadalajara” an Coinbhinsiún, i bhforlíonadh ar Choinbhinsiún Warsaw, um aontú rialacha
áirithe maidir le hiompar idirnáisiúnta d'aer a dhéanfaidh duine seachas an t-iompróir conarthach, a rinneadh i Guadalajara, Meicsiceo, an 18ú lá de Mheán Fómhair, 1961;
ciallaíonn “an tAire” an tAire Iompair agus Cumhachta;
ciallaíonn “an Príomh-Acht” an tAcht um Aer-Loingseoireacht agus Aer-Iompar, 1936;
ciallaíonn “Acht 1959” an tAcht Aerloingseoireachta agus Aeriompair, 1959.
(2) Forléireofar tagairtí san Acht seo do chríoch an Stáit, mura n-éilíonn an comhthéacs a mhalairt, mar thagairtí a fholaíonn na farraigí teorann in aice na críche sin.
Feidhm dlí sa Stát a bheith ag Coinbhinsiún Guadalajara.
2.—(1) Beidh feidhm dlí sa Stát ag forálacha Choinbhinsiún Guadalajara, mar atá leagtha amach sa Sceideal a ghabhann leis an Acht seo.
(2) Féadfaidh an Rialtas, le hordú, a dheimhniú ó am go ham cé hiad is Stáit Chonarthacha i gCoinbhinsiún Guadalajara agus cad iad na críocha ar ina leith is Stáit Chonarthacha iad faoi seach.
Léiriú ar Choinbhinsiún Guadalajara.
3.—(1) Sa Sceideal a ghabhann leis an Acht seo ciallaíonn “Coinbhinsiún Warsaw” maidir le hiompar d'aer—
(a) más iompar é faoin gCoinbhinsiún atá leagtha amach sa Chéad Sceideal a ghabhann leis an bPríomh-Acht, an Coinbhinsiún sin, agus
(b) más iompar é faoin gCoinbhinsiún sin arna leasú leis an bPrótocol atá leagtha amach sa Sceideal a ghabhann le hAcht 1959, an Coinbhinsiún sin arna leasú amhlaidh,
ach, maidir le cearta nó dliteanais de dhroim teagmhais roimh an lá a tháinig Cuid III d'Acht 1959 i ngníomh, ciallaíonn “Coinbhinsiún Warsaw” an Coinbhinsiún atá leagtha amach sa Chéad Sceideal a ghabhann leis an bPríomh-Acht.
(2) In Airteagail VII agus VIII de Choinbhinsiún Guadalajara folaíonn “‘cúirt” (in eadráin a cheadaítear leis na Coinbhinsiúin dá dtagraítear san fho-alt roimhe seo nó le hAirteagal IX, 3 de Choinbhinsiún Guadalajara) eadránaí.
Athachtú le leasuithe ar alt 18 den Phríomh-Acht.
4.—Cuirfear an t-alt seo a leanas in ionad alt 18 (a cuireadh isteach leis an Acht um Dhliteanas Sibhialta, 1961) den Phríomh-Acht:
“Dliteanas iompróra i gcás paisinéir d'fháil bháis. | 18. (1) (a) San alt seo— ciallaíonn ‘cleithiúnaí’, maidir le paisinéir a ndéantar dliteanas i leith a bháis a chur ar iompróir le hAirteagal 17 de Choinbhinsiún Warsaw nó de Choinbhinsiún Guadalajara, aon duine de theaghleach an éagaigh a fhulaingeoidh díobháil nó anbhuain meabhrach; ciallaíonn ‘duine de theaghlach’ banchéile, fearchéile, athair, máthair, seanathair, seanmháthair, leasathair, leasmháthair, mac, iníon, ua, banua, leasmhac, leasiníon, deartháir, deirfiúr, deartháir leasghaolmhar, deirfiúr leasghaolmhar, (b) Nuair a bheidh aon ghaoil á rianú chun críocha an ailt seo— (i) measfar gur sliocht dlisteanach ar an uchtóir nó ar na huchtóirí duine a uchtaíodh faoi na hAchtanna Uchtála, 1952 agus 1964; (ii) faoi réir fhomhír (i) den mhír seo, measfar gur sliocht dlisteanach ar a mháthair agus ar a athair toimhdean duine neamhdhlisteanach; (iii) measfar gur tuismitheoir duine eile duine atá in loco parentis don duine eile sin. (2) Aon dliteanas chun damáistí a íoc a fhorchuirtear le hAirteagal 17 de Choinbhinsiún Warsaw nó de Choinbhinsiún Guadalajara ar iompróir i leith báis phaisinéara is dliteanas é in ionad aon dliteanais de chuid an iompróra i leith bhás an phaisinéara sin faoi aon reacht (lena n-áirítear Cuid IV den Acht um Dhliteanas Sibhialta, 1961) nó faoin dlí coiteann, agus beidh éifeacht ag na forálacha seo a leanas maidir leis an gcaingean chun an dliteanas a fhorchuirtear amhlaidh a chur i bhfeidhm— (a) beidh an dliteanas inchurtha i bhfeidhm chun tairbhe do chleithiúnaithe an phaisinéara; (b) ní fhéadfar ach aon chaingean amháin mar gheall ar dhamáistí a thionscnamh sa Stát i gcoinne an duine chéanna i leith an bháis; (c) féadfaidh ionadaí pearsanta an phaisinéara an chaingean a thionscnamh nó, más rud é ar shé mhí a bheith caite tar éis an bháis, nach mbeidh aon ionadaí pearsanta ann nó nach mbeidh aon chaingean tionscanta ag an ionadaí pearsanta, féadfaidh gach duine nó aon duine de na cleithiúnaithe an chaingean a thionscnamh; (d) cibé duine a thionscnóidh an chaingean, is é a bheidh inti caingean chun tairbhe do na cleithiúnaithe go léir a bhfuil cónaí orthu sa Stát nó, mura bhfuil cónaí orthu sa Stát, a chuirfidh in iúl gur mian leo tairbhe na caingne a fháil; (e) tabharfaidh an gearánaí don chosantóir sonraí ar na daoine ar dóibh agus thar a gceann a bheidh an chaingean á tionscnamh; (f) faoi réir mhír (m) den fho-alt seo— (i) is é a bheidh sna damáistí iomlán na suimeanna (más aon suim é) a mheasfaidh an giúiré nó an breitheamh, de réir mar a bheidh, a bheith i gcoibhneas leis an díobháil a bhain de dheasca an bháis do gach duine de na cleithiúnaithe, faoi seach, ar dó nó thar a cheann a tionscnaíodh an chaingean, agus (ii) faoi réir mhír (g) den fho-alt seo, iomlán na suimeanna sin (más aon suim é) a mheasfaidh an breitheamh is cúiteamh réasúnach in anbhuain meabhrach a bhain de dheasca an bháis do gach duine de na cleithiúnaithe sin; (g) ní rachaidh iomlán aon suimeanna a dhámhfar de bhua fhomhír (ii) de mhír (f) den fho-alt seo thar mhíle punt; (h) luafar ar leithligh sa dámhachtain gach aon suim a dhámhfar de bhua mhír (f) den fho-alt seo; (i) ina theannta sin, féadfar damáistí a dhámhachtain i leith caiteachas adhlactha agus caiteachas eile a ndeachaigh an paisinéir, na cleithiúnaithe nó an t-ionadaí pearsanta fúthu iarbhír mar gheall ar an tionóisc ba chúis le bás an phaisinéara; (j) is leor don chosantóir, agus é ag íoc airgid isteach sa chúirt sa chaingean, é a íoc in aon suim amháin mar dhamáistí le haghaidh na gcleithiúnaithe uile gan é a chionroinnt eatarthu; (k) déanfar an méid a ghnóthófar sa chaingean a roinnt, tar éis na costais nár gnóthaíodh ón gcosantóir a bhaint de, ar na daoine a bheidh ina theideal i cibé scaireanna a bheidh an giúiré nó an breitheamh, de réir mar a bheidh, tar éis a chinneadh; (l) nuair a bheifear ag measúnú na ndamáistí, ní chuirfear san áireamh aon suim is iníoctha ar bhás an phaisinéara faoi aon chonradh árachais, ná aon phinsean, aisce nó sochar eile dá leithéid is iníoctha faoi reacht nó ar shlí eile mar gheall ar bhás an éagaigh; (m) féadfaidh an chúirt a dtabharfar an chaingean os a comhair, ag céim ar bith de na himeachtaí, cibé ordú a dhéanamh a fheicfear don chúirt a bheith cóir cothromasach ag féachaint do na forálacha den Chéad Sceideal a ghabhann leis an Acht seo a chuireann teorainn le dliteanas an iompróra agus d'aon imeachtaí a tionscnaíodh, nó is dóigh a thionscnófar, lasmuigh den Stát mar gheall ar bhás an phaisinéara. (3) San alt seo ciallaíonn ‘Coinbhinsiún Guadalajara’ an Coinbhinsiún, i bhForlíonadh ar Choinbhinsiún Warsaw, um aontú rialacha áirithe maidir le hiompar idirnáisiúnta d'aer a dhéanfaidh duine seachas an t-iompróir conarthach, a rinneadh i Guadalajara, Meicsiceo, an 18ú lá de Mheán Fómhair, 1961.” |
Leasú ar alt 20 den Phríomh-Acht.
5.—In alt 20 den Phríomh-Acht forléireofar tagairtí don Chéad Sceideal a ghabhann leis an Acht sin mar thagairtí a fholaíonn tagairtí do Choinbhinsiún Guadalajara.
Srian le haersheirbhísí a oibriú.
6.—(1) Ní dhéanfar aersheirbhís a oibriú go dtí críoch an Stáit, ná uaithi, ná laistigh di ná thairsti, mura rud é—
(a) (i) gur seirbhís í de shaghas atá údaraithe le hordú faoi alt 7 den Acht seo agus go ndéanfar an tseirbhís a oibriú de réir forálacha an ordaithe, nó
(ii) go mbeidh údarás faoi alt 8 den Acht seo i bhfeidhm i leith na seirbhíse agus, má bhíonn aon fhorálacha nó coinníollacha san údarás, gur de réir na bhforálacha nó na gcoinníollacha sin a oibreofar an tseirbhís, agus
(b) i gcás seirbhís go dtí críoch an Stáit, nó uaithi nó laistigh di—
(i) má bhíonn ordú faoi alt 9 den Acht seo i bhfeidhm ag socrú na dtáillí nó na rátaí a mhuirearófar as paisinéirí, lasta agus post a iompar ar an tseirbhís, go ndeánfar na táillí nó na rátaí a socraíodh amhlaidh a mhuirearú ar an tseirbhís, agus
(ii) má bhíonn na táillí nó na rátaí a mhuirearófar as paisinéirí, lasta agus post a iompar ar an tseirbhís, ceadaithe ag an Aire faoi alt 10 den Acht seo, go ndéanfar na táillí nó na rátaí atá ceadaithe amhlaidh a mhuirearú ar an tseirbhís.
(2) Tiocfaidh fo-alt (1) den alt seo agus alt 19 den Acht seo i ngníomh cibé lá a cheapfaidh an tAire le hordú.
Cumhacht chun oibriú aersheirbhísí a údarú le hordú.
1935, R. & O.R. Uimh. 560.
7.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire, le hordú, a údarú, faoi réir cibé coinníollacha a shonrófar san ordú, go ndéanfar cibé aersheirbhísí, nó earnálacha d'aersheirbhísí, a shonrófar san ordú, a oibriú go dtí críoch an Stáit, nó uaithi, nó laistigh di nó thairsti.
(2) Féadfaidh cibé forálacha is iomchuí leis an Aire, maidir le hoibriú na n-aersheirbhísí lena mbaineann sé, a bheith in ordú faoin alt seo.
(3) Féadfar earnálacha aersheirbhísí a chur in iúl in ordú faoin alt seo ar cibé dóigh agus faoi threoir cibé nithe, lena n-áirítear tionscnamh agus ceann scríbe na beitilte nó na n-eitiltí a áirítear san aersheirbhís, is iomchuí leis an Aire.
(4) Féadfaidh an tAire, le hordú, ordú faoin alt seo, lena n-áirítear ordú faoin bhfo-alt seo, a chúlghairm nó a leasú.
(5) Ar theacht i ngníomh d'ordú faoin alt seo, scoirfidh an tOrdú um Aer-Loingseoireacht (Línte Eadarnáisiúnta), 1935, d'fheidhm a bheith aige.
Údarás chun aersheirbhísí a oibriú.
8.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire, dá rogha féin amháin, údarás a dheonú, nó diúltú údarás a dheonú, d'aon duine á thabhairt de theideal don duine sin aersheirbhís a oibriú go dtí críoch an Stáit, nó uaithi, nó laistigh di nó thairsti.
(2) Féadfaidh cibé forálacha agus coinníollacha is iomchuí leis an Aire a bheith in údarás faoin alt seo.
(3) Féadfaidh an tAire, aon uair is cuí leis é, foráil nó coinníoll d'údarás faoin alt seo a leasú nó a chúlghairm.
(4) Faoi réir fho-alt (5) den alt seo, fanfaidh údarás faoin alt seo i bhfeidhm go ceann cibé tréimhse is cuí leis an Aire agus a shonróidh sé san údarás.
(5) Má sháraítear foráil nó coinníoll, nó má dhéantar faillí nó mainneachtain nó neamh-chomhlíonadh i gcás forála nó coinníll, in údarás faoin alt seo, féadfaidh an tAire an t-údarás a chúlghairm.
(6) (a) Féadfaidh an tAire rialacháin a dhéanamh chun críocha an ailt seo.
(b) Gan dochar do ghinearáltacht mhír (a) den fho-alt seo, féadfar, le rialacháin faoin bhfo-alt seo, foirmeacha údarás faoin alt seo, foirmeacha iarratais le haghaidh na n-údarás sin, agus an t-eolas a bheidh le tabhairt don Aire ag iarratasóirí na n-údarás sin, a fhorordú, agus (le toiliú an Aire Airgeadais) a foráil go mbeidh táillí le híoc as deonú na n-údarás sin agus (leis an toiliú a dúradh) méid na dtáillí a fhorordú (lena n-áirítear suimeanna éagsúla i leith údarás maidir le haersheirbhísí éagsúla agus maidir le haersheirbhísí a bhí roimhe sin ina n-ábhar údarás faoin alt seo).
7. Beidh deimhniú a airbheartóidh a bheith sínithe ag oifigeach don Aire agus a dheimhniú nach raibh, ar lá nó laethanta sonraithe nó ar feadh an iomlán de thréimhse shonraithe, údarás faoin alt seo i bhfeidhm i leith aersheirbhíse sonraithe, gan cruthúnas ar shíniú an duine a d'airbheartaigh an deimhniú a shíniú ná gurbh oifigeach don Aire é, ina fhianaise go dtí go gcruthófar a mhalairt ar na nithe sin dá bhfuil ráite a airbheartófar a dheimhniú sa deimhniú agus leis an deimhniú.
Cumhacht chun táillí agus rátaí a mhuirearófar ar aersheirbhísí a shocrú.
9.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire, le hordú, na táillí nó na rátaí a shocrú a mhuirearófar as paisinéirí, lasta nó post a iompar ar aersheirbhísí go dtí críoch an Stáit, nó uaithi, nó laistigh di.
(2) Féadfaidh ordú faoin alt seo táillí nó rátaí éagsúla a shocrú i leith aersheirbhísí éagsúla nó i leith paisinéirí, lasta nó post d'earnálacha éagsúla, agus féadfaidh sé feidhm a bheith aige maidir le gach aersheirbhís go dtí críoch an Stáit, nó uaithi, nó laistigh di, nó bheith gan feidhm ach amháin maidir le haersheirbhís shonraithe nó aersheirbhísí sonraithe go dtí críoch an Stáit, nó uaithi, nó laistigh di.
(3) Féadfaidh an tAire, le hordú, ordú faoin alt seo, lena n-áirítear ordú faoin bhfo-alt seo, a chúlghairm nó a leasú.
Táillí agus rátaí a mhuirearófar ar aersheirbhísí a cheadú.
10.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire, dá rogha féin amháin, na táillí nó na rátaí a cheadú a bheartófar a mhuirearú as paisinéirí, lasta nó post a iompar ar aersheirbhís go dtí críoch an Stáit, nó uaithi, nó laistigh di, nó diúltú iad a cheadú.
(2) Beidh deimhniú a airbheartóidh a bheith sínithe ag oifigeach don Aire agus a dheimhniú nach raibh, ar lá nó laethanta sonraithe nó ar feadh an iomláin de thréimhse shonraithe, na táillí nó na rátaí a muirearaíodh ar aersheirbhís shonraithe chun paisinéirí, lasta nó post a iompar ar an tseirbhís arna gceadú faoin alt seo, gan cruthúnas ar shíniú an duine a d'airbheartaigh an deimhniú a shíniú ná gurbh oifigeach don Aire é, ina fhianaise go dtí go gcruthófar a mhalairt ar na nithe sin dá bhfuil ráite a airbheartófar a dheimhniú sa deimhniú agus leis an deimhniú.
Taifid a choimeád agus eolas a thabhairt don Aire i dtaobh aersheirbhísí.
11.—Féadfaidh an tAire, le rialacháin faoin alt seo—
(a) a cheangal ar dhaoine a bheidh ag oibriú aersheirbhísí go dtí críoch an Stáit, nó uaithi, nó laistigh di nó thairsti—
(i) taifid a choimeád de cibé nithe a shonrófar sna rialacháin maidir leis na haerárthaí a bheidh ag gabháil do na seirbhísí sin,
(ii) taifid a choimeád de cibé nithe a shonrófar sna rialacháin maidir leis na paisinéirí, an lasta agus an post a iomprófar ar na seirbhísí sin,
(iii) cóipeanna, coimrithe, agus achomaireachtaí de na taifid réamhráite a thabhairt don Aire, cibé tráthanna a shonrófar sna rialacháin, agus
(iv) más cuí leis an Aire é, na coimrithe agus na hachomaireachtaí réamhráite a thabhairt i cibé foirm a fhorordóidh an tAire sna rialacháin,
(v) taifid a choimeádfar de bhun na rialachán a thabhairt ar aird d'oifigigh don Aire agus a cheadú do na hoifigigh iad a scrúdú, agus
(vi) cibé eolas a shonróidh an tAire a thabhairt don Aire maidir le táillí nó rátaí a mhuirearaítear nó a bheartaítear a mhuirearú as paisinéirí, lasta agus post a iompar ar na seirbhísí sin, agus
(b) foráil a dhéanamh le haghaidh scrúdú ag oifigigh don Aire ar thaifid a choimeádfar de bhun na rialachán.
Pionóis.
12.—(1) Más rud é—
(a) go n-eitleoidh aerárthach contrártha d'fhoráil den Acht seo nó d'ordú, rialachán nó treoir faoin Acht seo, nó
(b) nach gcomhlíonfaidh aerárthach foráil den Acht seo nó d'ordú nó rialachán faoin Acht seo, nó
(c) go ndéanfar gníomh maidir le haerárthach is sárú ar fhoráil den Acht seo nó d'ordú, rialachán nó treoir faoin Acht seo,
measfar úinéir nó fruilitheoir (nach é an Stát é) an aerárthaigh maraon leis an duine i gceannas uirthi a bheith tar éis an fhoráil a shárú nó, de réir mar a bheidh, tar éis faillí a dhéanamh ina comhlíonadh.
(2) Aon duine a sháróidh foráil den Acht seo nó d'ordú, rialachán nó treoir faoin Acht seo, nó a fhailleoidh í a chomhlíonadh, nó a mheasfar leis an alt seo a bheith tar éis foráil den Acht seo nó d'ordú, rialachán nó treoir faoin Acht seo a shárú nó tar éis faillí a dhéanamh ina comhlíonadh, beidh sé ciontach i gcion agus dlífear—
(a) ar é a chiontú go hachomair, príosúnacht ar feadh téarma nach faide ná sé mhí a chur air nó fíneáil nach mó ná céad punt nó, de rogha na Cúirte, an phríosúnacht agus an fhíneáil le chéile a chur air; nó
(b) ar é a chiontú ar díotáil, príosúnacht ar feadh téarma nach faide ná sé mhí nó fíneáil nach mó ná míle punt a chur air nó, de rogha na Cúirte, an phríosúnacht agus an fhíneáil le chéile a chur air.
(3) In aon ionchúiseamh ar dhuine mar gheall ar shárú líomhnaithe ar fhoráil den Acht seo nó d'ordú, rialachán nó treoir faoin Acht seo nó mar gheall ar fhaillí líomhnaithe ina comhlíonadh, is cosaint é don duine a chruthú gur dhoineann nó cúis dhosheachanta eile ba bhun leis an sárú nó leis an bhfaillí, agus in aon ionchúiseamh ar úinéir, fruilitheoir nó an duine i gceannas aerárthaigh mar gheall ar an sárú nó an fhaillí líomhnaithe sin, is cosaint é don úinéir, don fhruilitheoir nó don duine i gceannas a chruthú gur tharla an sárú nó an fhaillí líomhnaithe gan mainneachtain ná ionpháirteacht iarbhír aige féin.
(4) Féadfaidh an tAire nó féadfar ar agra an Aire mar ionchúisitheoir ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh i leith ciona faoin Acht seo.
Aerárthaí a choinneáil.
13.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire, le hordú, foráil a dhéanamh le haghaidh aerárthaí a choinneáil chun a áirithiú go gcomhlíonfar forálacha an Achta seo nó d'orduithe, rialacháin nó treoracha faoin Acht seo.
(2) Déanfar na tagairtí atá in ailt 64 agus 65 den Phríomh-Acht don Acht sin a fhorléiriú mar thagairtí a fholaíonn tagairtí don Acht seo agus beidh éifeacht ag an alt sin 64, ina fheidhm i gcás ciona maidir le haerárthach a choinneofar faoin Acht seo, amhail is dá gcuirfí an méid seo a leanas le fo-alt (5): “nó, ar a chiontú ann ar díotáil, fíneáil nach mó ná míle punt a chur air”.
Alt 62 den Phríomh-Acht a leathnú.
14.—Déanfar na tagairtí atá i bhfo-ailt (1) agus (2) d'alt 62 den Phríomh-Acht don Acht sin a fhorléiriú mar thagairtí a fholaíonn tagairtí don Acht seo.
Feidhm maidir le haerárthaí Stáit.
15.—(1) Faoi réir forálacha an ailt seo, ní bheidh feidhm ag an Acht seo maidir le haerárthaí Stáit.
(2) Féadfaidh an tAire, le hordú, a ordú go mbeidh feidhm maidir le haerárthaí Stáit ag cibé forálacha a shonrófar san ordú den Acht seo nó d'aon ordú nó rialacháin a dhéanfar faoi, i dteannta nó d'éagmais modhnuithe, agus aon uair a dhéanfar ordú faoin bhfo-alt seo agus a bheidh sé i bhfeidhm, beidh feidhm maidir le haerárthaí Stáit ag cibé forálacha acu sin a shonrófar san ordú, faoi réir na modhnuithe, más ann, a shonrófar san ordú.
(3) Féadfaidh an tAire, le hordú, ordú faoin alt seo, lena n-áirítear ordú faoin bhfo-alt seo, a leasú nó a chúlghairm.
(4) San alt seo ciallaíonn “aerárthaí Stáit” aerárthaí aon tire a úsáidtear i seirbhísí míleata, custam agus póilíneachta.
Rialacháin agus reoracha.
16.—Féadfaidh an tAire rialacha a dhéanamh nó treoracha a thabhairt i dtaobh aon ní a mbeidh údarás ag an Aire, le hordú nó rialacháin faoin Acht seo, rialacháin a dhéanamh nó treoracha a thabhairt ina leith chun cuspóirí an orduithe nó na rialachán a chur i gcrích.
Forálacha inearálta maidir horduithe agus rialacháin a héanfaidh an Aire.
17.—(1) Féadfaidh ordú nó rialacháin a dhéanfaidh an tAire faoin Acht seo a údarú don Aire rialacháin a dhéanamh agus treoracha a thabhairt chun cuspóirí an ordaithe nó na rialachán a chur i gcrích maidir leis na hábhair agus na nithe a shonrófar san ordú nó sna rialacháin.
(2) Féadfaidh cibé forálacha foghabhálacha, forlíontacha agus iarmartacha is dóigh leis an Aire a bheith riachtanach nó fóirsteanach chun críocha an ordaithe nó na rialachán a bheith in ordú nó i rialacháin a dhéanfaidh an tAire faoin Acht seo.
(3) Gach ordú agus rialachán a dhéanfaidh an tAire faoin Acht seo, leagfar é faoi bhráid gach Tí den Oireachtas a luaithe is féidir tar éis a dhéanta, agus má dhéanann ceachtar Teach, laistigh den lá is fiche a shuífidh an Teach sin tar éis an t-ordú nó an rialachán a leagan faoina bhráid, rún a rith ag neamhniú an ordaithe nó an rialacháin, beidh an t-ordú nó an rialachán ar neamhní dá réir sin, ach sin gan dochar do bhailíocht aon ní a rinneadh roimhe sin faoin ordú nó faoin rialachán.
Caiteachais an Aire.
18.—Déanfar an caiteachas faoina rachaidh an tAire ag riaradh an Achta seo, a mhéid a cheadóidh an tAire Airgeadais é, a íoc as airgead a sholáthróidh an tOireachtas.
Aisghairm.
19.—Aisghairtear leis seo Cuid IX agus X den Phríomh-Acht.
Gearrtheideal agus comhlua.
20.—(1) Féadfar an tAcht Aerloingseoireachta agus Aeriompair, 1965, a ghairm den Acht seo.
(2) Féadfar na hAchtanna Aerloingseoireachta agus Aeriompair, 1936 go 1965, a ghairm den Acht seo agus de na hAchtanna Aerloingseoireachta agus Aeriompair, 1936 go 1963, le chéile.
AN SCEIDEAL.
COINBHINSIÚN,
I Bhforlíonadh ar Choinbhinsiún Warsaw, um Aontú Rialacha Áirithe Maidir le hIompar Idirnáisiúnta d'Aer a Dhéanfaidh Duine Seachas an tIompróir Conarthach.
TÁ NA STÁIT A SHÍNIGH AN COINBHINSIÚN SEO
AR A THABHAIRT d'UÍDH nach bhfuil i gCoinbhinsiún Warsaw rialacha áirithe maidir le hiompar idirnáisiúnta d'aer a dhéanfaidh duine nach páirtí sa chomhaontú um iompar
Á MHEAS gurb inmhianaithe ar an ábhar sin rialacha a leagan amach a mbeidh feidhm acu sna himthosca sin
TAR ÉIS COMHAONTÚ MAR A LEANAS:
Airteagal I.
Sa Choinbhinsiún seo:
(a) Ciallaíonn “Coinbhinsiún Warsaw” an Coinbhinsiún um Aontú Rialacha Áirithe maidir le hIompar Idirnáisiúnta d'Aer a síníodh i Warsaw an 12 Deireadh Fómhair, 1929, nó Coinbhinsiún Warsaw mar a leasaíodh é sa Hág, 1955, de réir mar a bheidh an t-iompar faoin gcomhaontú dá dtagraítear i mír (b) faoi rialú ag ceann acu nó ag an gceann eile;
(b) ciallaíonn “iompróir conarthach” duine a dhéanfaidh mar phríomhaí comhaontú um iompar faoi rialú Choinbhinsiún Warsaw le paisinéir nó coinsíneoir nó duine a bheidh ag gníomhú thar ceann an phaisinéara nó an choinsíneora;
(c) ciallaíonn “iompróir iarbhír” duine, seachas an t-iompróir conarthach, a dhéanfaidh, de bhua údaráis ón iompróir conarthach, an t-iomlán nó cuid den iompar atá faoi thrácht i mír (b) ach nach iompróir i ndiaidh a chéile de réir bhrí Choinbinsiún Warsaw maidir leis an gcuid sin. Toimhdítear an t-údarás sin a bheith aige mura mbeidh cruthúnas ann ar a mhalairt.
Airteagal II.
Má dhéanann iompróir iarbhír an t-iomlán nó cuid den iompar atá, de réir an chomhaontaithe dá dtagraítear in Airteagal I, mír (b), faoi rialú Choinbhinsiún Warsaw, beidh an t-iompróir conarthach agus an t-iompróir iarbhír, ach amháin mar a fhoráiltear a mhalairt sa Choinbhinsiún seo, faoi réir rialacha Choinbhinsiún Warsaw, an t-iompróir conarthach i leith iomlán an iompair a bheidh faoi thrácht sa chomhaontú, an t-iompróir iarbhír i leith an iompar sin amháin a dhéanfaidh sé.
Airteagal III.
1. Measfar, maidir leis an iompar a dhéanfaidh an t-iompróir iarbhír, gur gníomhartha agus neamhghníomhartha an iompróra chonarthaigh freisin gníomhartha agus neamhghníomhartha an iompróra iarbhír agus a sheirbhíseach agus a ghníomhairí ag gníomhú dóibh faoi chuimsiú a bhfostaíochta.
2. Measfar, maidir leis an iompar a dhéanfaidh an t-iompróir iarbhír, gur gníomhartha agus neamhghníomhartha an iompróra iarbhír freisin gníomhartha agus neamhghníomhartha an iompróra chonarthaigh agus a sheirbhíseach agus a ghníomhairí ag gníomhú dóibh faoi chuimsiú a bhfostaíochta. Ar a shon sin, ní chuirfidh aon ghníomh nó neamhghníomh den sórt sin an t-iompróir iarbhír faoi dhliteanas is mó ná na teorainneacha a shonraítear in Airteagal 22 de Choinbhinsiún Warsaw. Ní bheidh éifeacht ar an iompróir iarbhír, mura mbeidh sé tar éis comhaontú leis, ag aon chomhaontú speisialta faoina nglacfaidh an t-iompróir conarthach oibleagáidí air féin nach bhforchuirtear le Coinbhinsiún Warsaw ná ag aon tarscaoileadh ar chearta a thugtar leis an gCoinbhinsiún sin, ná ag aon dearbhú speisialta leasa maidir le seachadadh ag ceann scríbe atá faoi thrácht in Airteagal 22 den Choinbhinsiún sin.
Airteagal IV.
Aon ghearán a dhéanfar leis an iompróir nó aon ordú a thabharfar dó, faoi Choinbhinsiún Warsaw, beidh an éifeacht chéanna leis cibé acu chun an iompróra chonarthaigh nó chun an iompróra iarbhír a dhíreofar é. Ar a shon sin, ní bheidh éifeacht le horduithe dá dtagraítear in Airteagal 12 de Choinbhinsiún Warsaw ach amháin nuair is chun an iompróra chonarthaigh a dhíreofar iad.
Airteagal V.
Maidir leis an iompar a dhéanfaidh an t-iompróir iarbhír, beidh aon seirbhíseach nó gníomhaire don iompróir sin nó don iompróir conarthach, má chruthaíonn sé gur ghníomhaigh sé faoi chuimsiú a fhostaíochta, i dteideal tairbhe a bhaint as na teorainneacha dliteanais is infheidhme faoin gCoinbhinsiún seo maidir leis an iompróir ar seirbhíseach nó gníomhaire dó é, mura gcruthófar gur ghníomhaigh sé ar dhóigh a fhágann, faoi Choinbhinsiún Warsaw, nach féidir feidhm a bhaint as na teorainneacha dliteanais.
Airteagal VI.
Maidir leis an iompar a dhéanfaidh an t-iompróir iarbhír, ní rachaidh comhiomlán na suimeanna is inghnóthaithe ón iompróir sin agus ón iompróir conarthach, agus óna seirbhísigh agus a ngníomhairí, ag gníomhú dóibh faoi chuimsiú a bhfostaíochta, thar an méid is airde a d'fhéadfaí a dhámhachtain i gcoinne an iompróra chonarthaigh nó an iompróra iarbhír faoin gCoinbhinsiún seo, ach ní bheidh aon duine acu sin a luaitear faoi dhliteanas i leith suim is mó ná an teorainn is infheidhme maidir leis.
Airteagal VII.
Maidir leis an iompar a dhéanfaidh an t-iompróir iarbhír, féadfar caingean ar dhamáistí a thionscnamh, faoi rogha an ghearánaí, i gcoinne an iompróra sin nó an iompróra chonarthaigh nó ina gcoinne araon, le chéile nó ar leithligh. Más i gcoinne duine amháin de na hiompróirí sin a thionscnófar an chaingean, beidh de cheart ag an iompróir sin a éileamh go ndéanfar an t-iompróir eile a uamadh sna himeachtaí, agus beidh an nós imeachta agus na hiarmairtí faoi rialú dhlí na cúirte a bheidh i seilbh an cháis.
Airteagal VIII.
Aon chaingean ar dhamáistí atá faoi thrácht in Airteagal VII den Choinbhinsiún seo, caithfear í a thionscnamh, faoi rogha an ghearánaí, os comhair cúirte ina bhféadfar caingean a thionscnamh i gcoinne an iompróra chonarthaigh, mar a fhoráiltear in Airteagal 28 den Choinbhinsiún Warsaw, nó os comhair na cúirte ag a mbeidh dlínse san áit a bhfuil gnáthchónaí ar an iompróir iarbhír nó a bhfuil a phríomháit ghnó aige.
Airteagal IX.
1. Aon fhoráil chonarthach a rachadh chun fuascailt a thabhairt don iompróir conarthach nó don iompróir iarbhír óna dhliteanas faoin gCoinbhinsiún seo nó chun teorainn a shocrú is ísle ná mar atá infheidhme de réir an Choinbhinsiúin seo, beidh sí ar neamhní, ach ní fhágfaidh neamhniú aon fhorála den sórt sin go mbeidh an comhaontú go léir ar neamhní, agus fanfaidh an comhaontú faoi réir forálacha an Choinbhinsiúin seo.
2. Maidir leis an iompar a dhéanfaidh an t-iompróir iarbhír, ní bhainfidh an mhír roimhe seo le forálacha conarthacha a rialaíonn caillteanas nó damáiste de dheasca lochta nó mianaigh nó fabht aiceanta an lasta a bheidh á iompar.
3. Aon chlásal a bheidh i gcomhaontú um iompar, agus gach comhaontú speisialta a rinneadh sular tharla an damáiste, lena n-airbheartóidh na páirtithe na rialacha a leagtar síos leis an gCoinbhinsiún seo a shárú, cibé acu trína chinneadh cad é an dlí a bheidh le cur i bhfeidhm, nó trí na rialacha maidir le dlínse a athrú, beidh sé ar neamhní. Ar a shon sin, i gcás lasta a iompar ceadaítear clásail eadrána, faoi réir an Choinbhinsiúin seo, más i gceann de na dlínsí dá dtagraítear in Airteagal VIII atá an eadráin le déanamh.
Airteagal X.
Ach amháin mar a fhoráiltear in Airteagal VII, ní bheidh éifeacht ag aon ní sa Choinbhinsiún seo ar chearta agus oibleagáidí an dá iompróir eatarthu féin.
Airteagal XI.
Go dtí an dáta a thiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm de réir forálacha Airteagal XIII, fanfaidh sé ar oscailt chun a shínithe thar ceann aon Stáit a bheidh ar an dáta sin ina chomhalta de na Náisiúin Aontaithe nó d'aon cheann de na Sainghníomhaireachtaí.
Airteagal XII.
1. Beidh an Coinbhinsiún seo faoi réir a dhaingnithe ag na Stáit a shínigh é.
2. Taiscfear na hionstraimí daingniúcháin le Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo.
Airteagal XIII.
1. A luaithe a bheidh cúig cinn de na Stáit a shínigh é tar éis a n-ionstraimí ag daingniú an Choinbhinsiún seo a thaisceadh, tiocfaidh sé i bhfeidhm eatarthu ar an nóchadú lá tar éis dáta an chúigiú ionstraim dhaingniúcháin a thaisceadh. Tiocfaidh sé i bhfeidhm do gach Stát a dhaingneoidh é ina dhiaidh sin ar an nóchadú lá tar éis don Stát a ionstraim dhaingniúcháin a thaisceadh.
2. A luaithe a thiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm, déanfaidh Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo é a chlárú leis na Náisiúin Aontaithe agus leis an Eagras Idirnáisiúnta um Eitlíocht Shibhialta.
Airteagal XIV.
1. Tar éis don Choinbhinsiúin seo teacht i bhfeidhm, beidh sé ar oscailt chun aon Stát-Chomhalta de na Náisiúin Aontaithe nó d'aon cheann de na Sainghníomhaireachtaí a ghabháil leis.
2. Gabhfaidh Stát leis an gCoinbhinsiún seo trí ionstraim ghabhála a thaisceadh le Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo agus tiocfaidh an ghabháil sin in éifeacht amhail ón nóchadú lá tar éis an taiscithe sin.
Airteagal XV.
1. Féadfaidh aon Stát Conarthach an Coinbhinsiún seo a shéanadh trí fhógra a dhíreofar chuig Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo.
2. Tiocfaidh séanadh in éifeacht sé mhí tar éis do Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo an fógra séanta a fháil.
Airteagal XVI.
1. Féadfaidh aon Stát Conarthach, an tráth a dhaingneoidh sé an Coinbhinsiún seo nó a ghabhfaidh sé leis, nó tráth ar bith dá éis sin, a dhearbhú trí fhógra do Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo go mbeidh réim ag an gCoinbhinsiún maidir le haon cheann de na críocha a bhfuil sé freagrach ina chaidreamh coigríche.
2. Nócha lá tar éis do Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo an fógra sin a fháil, beidh réim ag an gCoinbhinsiún maidir leis na críocha a ainmneofar san fhógra.
3. Féadfaidh aon Stát Conarthach an Coinbhinsiún seo a shéanadh, de réir forálacha Airteagal XV, go leithleach maidir le haon cheann nó le gach ceann de na críocha a bhfuil an Stát sin freagrach ina chaidreamh coigríche.
Airteagal XVII.
Ní fhéadfar aon fhorcoimeádas a dhéanamh maidir leis an gCoinbhinsiún seo.
Airteagal XVIII.
Tabharfaidh Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo fógra don Eagras Idirnáisiúnta um Eitlíocht Shibhialta agus do gach Stát is comhalta de na Náisiúin Aontaithe nó d'aon cheann de na Sainghníomhaireachtaí a gcuirfear in iúl ann:
(a) aon síniú ar an gCoinbhinsiún seo agus a dháta;
(b) taisceadh aon ionstraime daingniúcháin nó gabhála agus a dáta;
(c) an dáta a thiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm de réir Airteagal XIII, mír 1;
(d) fáil aon fhógra shéanta a fuarthas agus a dháta;
(e) fáil aon dearbhaithe nó fógra a rinneadh faoi Airteagal XVI agus a dháta.
MAR FHIANAISE AIR SIN shínigh na Lánchumhachtaigh a bhfuil a sínithe thíos, agus iad údaraithe go cuí, an Coinbhinsiún seo.
ARNA DHÉANAMH i Guadalajara an t-ochtú lá déag de Mheán Fómhair Míle Naoi gCéad Seasca a hAon i dtrí théacs bharántúla a tarraingíodh suas i mBéarla, i bhFraincis agus i Spáinnis. I gcás aon neamhréire, is ag an téacs san Fhraincis, an teanga inar tarraingíodh suas Coinbhinsiún Warsaw den 12 Deireadh Fómhair, 1929, a bheidh an forlámhas. Déanfaidh Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo tiontú oifigiúil ar théacs an Choinbhinsiúin a bhunú sa Rúisis.
Taiscfear an Coinbhinsiún seo le Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo lena bhfanfaidh sé, de réir Airteagal XI, ar oscailt chun a shínithe, agus cuirfidh an Rialtas sin cóipeanna deimhnithe de go dtí an tEagras Idirnáisiúnta um Eitlíocht Shibhialta agus go dtí gach Stát is Comhalta de na Náisiúin Aontaithe nó d'aon Sainghníomhaireacht.
(Tá anseo ina dhiaidh seo sínithe thar ceann Stát áirithe).