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Number 5 of 1957.
MARRIED WOMEN'S STATUS ACT, 1957.
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Enactments Repealed
Acts Referred to | |
No. 25 of 1952 | |
Number 5 of 1957.
MARRIED WOMEN'S STATUS ACT, 1957.
Application of Act.
1.—Save where otherwise appears, this Act applies to persons whether married before or after the commencement of this Act.
Capacity of married women.
2.—(1) Subject to this Act, a married woman shall—
(a) be capable of acquiring, holding, and disposing (by will or otherwise) of, any property, and
(b) be capable of contracting, and
(c) be capable of rendering herself, and being rendered, liable in respect of any tort, contract, debt or obligation, and
(d) be capable of suing and being sued, and
(e) be subject to the law relating to bankruptcy and to the enforcement of judgments and orders,
as if she were unmarried.
(2) Subsection (1) shall apply as between a married woman and her husband in like manner as it applies as between her and any other person.
(3) A married woman may act as a trustee or personal representative as if she were unmarried.
(4) The provisions of the Settled Land Acts, 1882 to 1890, referring to a tenant for life and a settlement and settled land shall apply to a married woman as if she were unmarried.
(5) A married woman may be the protector of a settlement as if she were unmarried.
Property of married women.
3.—All property which—
(a) immediately before the commencement of this Act was the separate property of a married woman or held for her separate use in equity, or
(b) belongs at the time of her marriage to a woman married after such commencement, or
(c) after such commencement is acquired by or devolves upon a married woman,
shall belong to her as if she were unmarried and may be disposed of accordingly.
Joint capacity of husband and wife.
4.—A husband and wife shall—
(a) be capable of acquiring, holding and disposing of any property jointly or as tenants in common, and
(b) be capable of rendering themselves, and being rendered, jointly liable in respect of any tort, contract, debt or obligation, and
(c) be capable of suing and being sued, and
(d) be capable of exercising any joint power given to them,
in like manner as if they were not married.
Property rights of husband and wife.
5.—A husband and wife shall, for all purposes of acquisition of any property, under a disposition made or coming into operation after the commencement of this Act, be treated as two persons.
Abolition of restraint upon anticipation.
6.—A restriction upon anticipation or alienation attached (whether before or after the commencement of this Act) to the enjoyment of any property by a woman which could not have been attached to the enjoyment of that property by a man shall be of no effect.
Insurance for benefit of spouse or children.
7.—(1) This section applies to a policy of life assurance or endowment expressed to be for the benefit of, or by its express terms purporting to confer a benefit upon, the wife, husband or child of the insured.
(2) The policy shall create a trust in favour of the objects therein named.
(3) The moneys payable under the policy shall not, so long as any part of the trust remains unperformed, form part of the estate of the insured or be subject to his or her debts.
(4) If it is proved that the policy was effected and the premiums paid with intent to defraud the creditors of the insured, they shall be entitled to receive, on account of their debts, payment out of the moneys payable under the policy, so, however, that the total amount of such payments shall not exceed the amount of the premiums so paid.
(5) The insured may by the policy, or by any memorandum under his or her hand, appoint a trustee or trustees of the moneys payable under the policy, and may from time to time appoint a new trustee or new trustees thereof, and may make provision for the appointment of a new trustee or trustees thereof and for the investment of the moneys payable under the policy.
(6) In default of any such appointment of a trustee, the policy, immediately on its being effected, shall vest in the insured and his or her legal personal representatives in trust for the purposes aforesaid.
(7) The receipt of a trustee or trustees duly appointed or, in default either of any such appointment or of notice thereof to the insurer, the receipt of the legal personal representative of the insured shall be a good discharge to the insurer for any sum paid by him under the policy.
(8) In this section “child” includes stepchild, illegitimate child, adopted person (within the meaning of the Adoption Act, 1952 (No. 25 of 1952)), and a person to whom the insured is in loco parentis.
(9) This section applies whether the policy was effected before or after the commencement of this Act.
Contracts for benefit of spouse, or children.
8.—(1) Where a contract (other than a contract to which section 7 applies) is expressed to be for the benefit of, or by its express terms purports to confer a benefit upon, a third person being the wife, husband or child of one of the contracting parties, it shall be enforceable by the third person in his or her own name as if he or she were a party to it.
(2) The right conferred on a third person by this section shall be subject to any defence that would have been valid between the parties to the contract.
(3) Unless the contract otherwise provides, it may be rescinded by agreement of the contracting parties at any time before the third person has adopted it either expressly or by conduct.
(4) This section applies whether the contract was made before or after the commencement of this Act.
(5) In this section, “child” includes stepchild, illegitimate child, adopted person (within the meaning of the Adoption Act, 1952 (No. 25 of 1952)), and a person to whom the contracting party is in loco parentis.
Criminal proceedings for protection of property of married persons.
9.—(1) Subject to subsection (3), every married woman shall have in her own name against all persons whomsoever, including her husband, the same remedies and redress by way of criminal proceedings for the protection and security of her property as if she were unmarried.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), a husband shall have against his wife the same remedies and redress by way of criminal proceedings for the protection and security of his property as if she were not his wife.
(3) No criminal proceedings concerning any property claimed by one spouse (in this subsection referred to as the claimant) shall, by virtue of subsection (1) or subsection (2), be taken by the claimant against the other spouse while they are living together, nor, while they are living apart, concerning any act done while living together by the other spouse, unless such property was wrongfully taken by the other spouse when leaving or deserting or about to leave or desert the claimant.
(4) In any criminal proceedings to which this section relates brought against one spouse, the other spouse may, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any enactment or rule of law, be called as a witness either for the prosecution or defence and without the consent of the person charged.
(5) In any indictment or process grounding criminal proceedings in relation to the property of a married woman, it shall be sufficient to allege the property to be her property.
Wife's antenuptial debts and liabilities.
10.—A woman after her marriage shall continue to be liable for all debts contracted and all contracts entered into or torts committed by her before her marriage, including any sums for which she may be liable as contributory, either before or after she has been placed on the list of contributories under and by virtue of the Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, and she may be sued for any such debt and for any liability in damages or otherwise under any such contract or in respect of any such tort.
Abolition of husband's liability for wife's torts, contracts, debts and obligations.
11.—(1) The husband of a woman shall not, by reason only of his being her husband,—
(a) be liable in respect of any tort committed by her, whether before or after the marriage, or
(b) be sued, or made a party to any legal proceedings brought, in respect of any such tort, or
(c) be liable in respect of any contract entered into, or debt or obligation incurred by her before the marriage, or
(d) be liable in respect of any contract entered into, or debt or obligation incurred by her (otherwise than as agent) after the marriage, or
(e) be sued, or made a party to any legal proceedings brought, in respect of any such contract, debt or obligation.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where alimony has been ordered by a court to be paid and has not been duly paid by the husband, he shall be liable for necessaries supplied for the use of the wife.
Determination of questions between husband and wife as to property.
12.—(1) This section applies to the determination of any question arising between husband and wife as to the title to or possession of any property.
(2) Either party or any person concerned may apply in a summary way to the High Court or (at the option of the applicant irrespective of the value of the property in dispute) to the Circuit Court to determine the question and the Court may make such order, with respect to the property in dispute and as to the costs consequent on the application, as the Court thinks proper.
(3) Where the value of the personal property (other than chattels real) exceeds £2,000 or the rateable valuation of the land exceeds £60 and the application is made to the Circuit Court, that Court shall, if a defendant or respondent so requires, transfer the proceedings to the High Court, but any order made or act done in the course of such proceedings before such transfer shall be valid unless discharged or varied by order of the High Court.
(4) If either party so requests, the Court may hear the application in private.
(5) In any proceedings under this section, a person (other than the husband or wife) who is a party thereto shall, for the purposes of costs or otherwise, be treated as a stakeholder only.
(6) The provisions of this section are without prejudice to the rights conferred by section 2.
Saving for settlements.
13.—(1) Subject to section 6 and to subsection (2) of this section, nothing in this Act shall interfere with or invalidate any settlement or agreement for a settlement made or to be made, whether before or after marriage, respecting the property of a married woman, but no settlement or agreement for a settlement shall have any greater force or validity against creditors of such woman than a like settlement or agreement for a settlement made by a man would have against his creditors.
(2) (a) The provisions of this subsection shall have effect in relation to a settlement or agreement for a settlement made on or after the 1st day of January, 1908, whether before or after marriage, by the husband or intended husband, respecting the property of any woman he may marry or have married.
(b) It shall not be valid unless it was or is executed by her if of full age or, if she was or is not of full age, confirmed by her after she attains full age.
(c) If she dies an infant, any covenant or disposition by her husband contained in the settlement or agreement for a settlement shall bind or pass any interest in any property of hers to which he may become entitled on her death and which he could have bound or disposed of if the Married Women's Property Act, 1907, and this Act had not been passed.
(d) Nothing in this subsection shall render invalid any settlement or agreement for a settlement made or to be made under the provisions of the Infants Settlements Act, 1855.
Breaches of trust by married women.
14.—The provisions of this Act as to the liabilities of married women shall extend to any liability arising out of a breach of trust or devastavit committed by a married woman, whether before or after her marriage, in her capacity as trustee or personal representative and her husband shall not, by reason only of his being her husband, be liable in respect thereof.
Will of married woman.
15.—Section 24 (which provides for the cases in which a will is to be construed as speaking from the death of the testator) of the Wills Act, 1837, shall apply to the will of a married woman made during coverture whether she is or is not possessed of or entitled to any property at the time of making it and such will shall not require to be re-executed or republished after the death of her husband.
Power of attorney of married woman.
16.—A married woman, whether an infant or not, shall have power, as if she were unmarried and of full age, by deed, to appoint an attorney on her behalf for the purpose of executing any deed or doing any other act which she might herself execute or do; and the provisions of the Conveyancing Acts, 1881 to 1911, relating to instruments creating powers of attorney shall apply thereto.
Savings as to pending proceedings and enforcement of certain judgments.
17.—(1) Nothing in this Act shall affect any legal proceedings in respect of any tort if proceedings in respect thereof had been instituted before the commencement of this Act.
(2) Nothing in this Act shall enable any judgment or order against a married woman in respect of a contract entered into, or debt or obligation incurred before the commencement of this Act, to be enforced in bankruptcy or to be enforced otherwise than against her property.
Gifts in fraud of creditors.
18.—(1) Nothing in this Act shall be construed as validating, as against creditors of the husband, any gift, by a husband to his wife, of any property which, after such gift, continues to be in the order or disposition or reputed ownership of the husband or any deposit or other investment of moneys of the husband made by or in the name of his wife in fraud of his creditors, and any such moneys so deposited or invested may be followed as if this Act had not been passed.
(2) Nothing in this Act shall be construed as validating, as against creditors of the wife, any gift, by a wife to her husband, of any property which, after such gift, continues to be in the order or disposition or reputed ownership of the wife or any deposit or other investment of moneys of the wife made by or in the name of her husband in fraud of her creditors, and any such moneys so deposited or invested may be followed as if this Act had not been passed.
Consequential repeals.
19.—The enactments mentioned in the Schedule are hereby repealed to the extent specified in the third column.
Short title and commencement.
20.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Married Women's Status Act, 1957.
(2) This Act shall come into operation on the first day of June, 1957.
SCHEDULE
Enactments Repealed
Session and Chapter or Number and Year. | Short Title. | Extent of Repeal. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
11 Geo. 4 & 1 Will. 4. c. 65. | The Infants' Property Act, 1830 (extended to Ireland by the Infants' Property (Ireland) Act, 1835). | Section 16, so far as it refers to married women. |
4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 92. | The Fines and Recoveries (Ireland) Act, 1834. | Section 21; |
In section 38, the words from “and if the tenant in tail” to the end of the section; | ||
Section 43; | ||
Sections 68 to 81. | ||
4 & 5 Vic. c. 20. | The Excise Management Act, 1841. | In section 7, the words “whose husband shall become insane or idiot, or be otherwise incapable of transacting his affairs, or whose husband shall be separated from her and be out of the limits of the United Kingdom”; |
The proviso to section 7. | ||
8 & 9 Vic. c. 106. | The Real Property Act, 1845. | In section 6, the words from “and every such disposition by a married woman” to the end of the section. |
18 & 19 Vic. c. 39. | The Leasing Powers Act for Religious Worship in Ireland, 1855. | In paragraph (5) of section 3, the words “for their separate use”; |
Paragraphs (6) and (7) of section 3. | ||
20 & 21 Vic. c. 57. | The Married Women's Reversionary Interests Act, 1857. | The whole Act. |
28 & 29 Vic. c. 43. | The Married Women's Property (Ireland) Act, 1865. | The whole Act. |
33 & 34 Vic. c. 46. | The Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act, 1870. | Section 60. |
40 & 41 Vic. c. 18. | The Settled Estates Act, 1877. | Sections 50 and 51; |
In section 52, the words “Subject to such examination as aforesaid”. | ||
40 & 41 Vic. c. 56. | The County Officers and Courts (Ireland) Act, 1877. | Section 65. |
44 & 45 Vic. c. 41. | The Conveyancing Act, 1881. | Section 40; |
In subsection (1) of section 50, the words from “and may, in like manner” to the end of the subsection; | ||
In paragraph (i) of subsection (2) of section 65, the words from “but, in the case of a married woman” to the end of the paragraph. | ||
44 & 45 Vic. c. 49. | The Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1881. | Paragraph (4) of section 38. |
44 & 45 Vic. c. 65. | The Leases for Schools (Ireland) Act, 1881. | In paragraph (d) of section 2, the words “for their separate use, and whether restrained or not from anticipation”; |
Paragraphs (e) and (f) of section 2. | ||
45 & 46 Vic. c. 38. | The Settled Land Act, 1882. | Section 61. |
45 & 46 Vic. c. 39. | The Conveyancing Act, 1882. | Section 7. |
45 & 46 Vic. c. 75. | The Married Women's Property Act, 1882. | The whole Act. |
47 & 48 Vic. c. 14. | The Married Women's Property Act, 1884. | The whole Act. |
54 & 55 Vic. c. 66. | The Registration of Title Act, 1891. | In subsection (1) of section 73, the words “Subject to the provisions of this section”; |
Subsection (2) of section 73. | ||
56 & 57 Vic. c. 53. | The Trustee Act, 1893. | Section 16; |
In subsection (1) of section 45, the words from “and notwithstanding” to “anticipation”. | ||
56 & 57 Vic. c. 63. | The Married Women's Property Act, 1893. | The whole Act. |
7 Edw. 7. c. 18. | The Married Women's Property Act, 1907. | The whole Act. |
8 Edw. 7. c. 24. | The Summary Jurisdiction (Ireland) Act, 1908. | In paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of section 1 the word “separate”. |
8 Edw. 7. c. 69. | The Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908. | Section 128. |
1 & 2 Geo. 5. c. 37. | The Conveyancing Act, 1911. | Section 7. |
6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 50. | The Larceny Act, 1916. | Section 36. |
No. 16 of 1927. | The Industrial and Commercial Property (Protection) Act, 1927. | In subsection (4) of section 166, the word “separate”. |
Uimhir 5 de 1957.
AN tACHT UM STÁDAS BAN PÓSTA, 1957.
[An tiontó oifigiúil].
Feidhm an Achta.
1.—Ach amháin i gcás inar léir a mhalairt, baineann an tAcht seo le daoine a phós roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo agus le daoine ar phósadh dhóibh agus dá éis sin.
Inniúlacht ban pósta.
2.—(1) Faoi réir an Achta seo, beidh bean phósta—
(a) inniúil ar mhaoin ar bith d'fháil, a shealbhú agus a dhiúscairt (trí uacht nó eile), agus
(b) inniúil ar chonradh a dhéanamh, agus
(c) inniúil ar dhul, agus ar a cur, faoi dhliteanas, i leith aon toirt, conartha, féich nó oblagáide, agus
(d) inniúil chun agartha agus chun bheith inagartha, agus
(e) faoi réir an dlí a bhaineas le féimheacht agus le breithiúnais agus orduithe a chur i bhfeidhm,
amhail is dá mbeadh sí gan bheith pósta.
(2) Beidh feidhm ag fo-alt (1) amhail idir bean phósta agus a fearchéile díreach mar atá feidhm aige amhail idir í féin agus aon duine eile.
(3) Féadfaidh bean phósta gníomhú mar iontaobhaí nó mar ionadaí pearsanta amhail is dá mbeadh sí gan bheith pósta.
(4) Beidh feidhm i gcás mná pósta ag na forála de na Settled Land Acts, 1882 to 1890, a bhaineas le tionónta saoil agus le socraíocht agus le talamh socraithe, amhail is dá mbeadh sí gan bheith pósta.
(5) Féadfaidh bean phósta bheith ina tearmannaí ar shocraíocht amhail is dá mbeadh sí gan bheith pósta.
Maoin ban pósta.
3.—An mhaoin uile—
(a) ba mhaoin ar leith le bean phósta nó a bhí ar teachtadh le haghaidh a húsáide féin ar leith i gcothromas, díreach roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo, nó
(b) is maoin, tráth a pósta, le bean a phósfas tar éis tosach feidhme an Achta seo, nó
(c) a gheobhas bean phósta nó a chineachós chuici tar éis tosach feidhme an Achta seo,
is maoin léi í amhail is dá mbeadh sí gan bheith pósta agus féadfar an mhaoin sin a dhiúscairt dá réir sin.
Comhinniúlacht fearchéile agus banchéile.
4.—Beidh fearchéile agus banchéile—
(a) inniúil ar aon mhaoin d'fháil, a theachtadh agus a dhiúscairt i gcomhpháirt nó mar thionóntaí i gcoiteannas, agus
(b) inniúil ar dhul, agus ar a gcur, faoi dhliteanas i gcomhpháirt i leith aon toirt, conartha, féich nó oblagáide, agus
(c) inniúil chun agartha agus chun bheith inagartha, agus
(d) inniúil ar aon chumhacht d'fheidhmiú a tugadh dóibh i gcomhpháirt,
amhail is dá mbeidís gan bheith pósta.
Cearta fearchéile agus banchéile i leith maoine.
5.—Déanfar, chun gach críche a bhaineas le fáil aon mhaoine, faoi dhiúscairt a déanfar nó a thiocfas i ngníomh tar éis tosach feidhme an Achta seo, fearchéile agus banchéile d'áireamh mar bheirt daoine.
Deireadh le srian le réamhaíocht.
6.—Aon tsrian le réamhaíocht nó le coimhthiú a cuireadh (pé acu roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo nó dá éis é) le sealúchas aon mhaoine ag bean agus nach bhféadfaí a chur le sealúchas na maoine sin ag fear, ní bheidh éifeacht ar bith leis.
Arachas chun tairbhe do chéile nó leanaí.
7.—(1) Baineann an t-alt seo le polasaí árachais saoil nó dearlaice a mbeidh sainráite ann gur polasaí chun tairbhe, nó a airbheartós trína théarmaí sainráiteacha tairbhe a dhéanamh, do bhanchéile, d'fhearchéile nó do leanbh an duine árachaithe.
(2) Bunóidh an polasaí iontaobhas i bhfabhar na gcuspóirí a bheas ainmnithe ann.
(3) An fhad a bheas aon chuid den iontaobhas gan comhlíonadh, ní bheidh an t-airgead is iníoctha faoin bpolasaí ina chuid d'eastát ná faoi réir fiacha, an duine árachaithe.
(4) Má cruthaítear gur tógadh amach an polasaí agus gur híocadh na préimheanna d'intinn calaois a dhéanamh ar chreidiúnaithe an duine árachaithe, beidh teideal acu, i leith a bhfiacha, íocaíocht d'fháil as an airgead is iníoctha faoin bpolasaí, ach sin ar shlí nach mó iomlán na n-íocaíochtaí sin ná méid na bpréimheanna a híocadh amhlaidh.
(5) Féadfaidh an duine árachaithe, leis an bpolasaí nó le haon mheabhrán faoina láimh, iontaobhaí nó iontaobhaithe a cheapadh don airgead is iníoctha faoin bpolasaí, agus féadfaidh ó am go ham iontaobhaí nó iontaobhaithe nua a cheapadh dhó, agus féadfaidh socrú a dhéanamh chun iontaobhaí nó iontaobhaithe nua a cheapadh dhó agus chun an t-airgead is iníoctha faoin bpolasaí d'infheistiú.
(6) Mura ndéantar aon iontaobhaí a cheapadh amhlaidh, dílseoidh an polasaí, láithreach ar é a bheith tógtha amach, sa duine árachaithe agus in ionadaithe dlíthiúla pearsanta an duine árachaithe ar iontaobhas chun na gcríoch adúradh.
(7) Beidh admháil ó iontaobhaí nó iontaobhaithe a ceapadh go cuí nó, nó murar ceapadh aon iontaobhaí amhlaidh nó murar tugadh fógra don árachóir gur ceapadh, beidh admháil ó ionadaí dlíthiúil pearsanta an duine árachaithe ina chúiteántas maith don árachóir i leith aon tsuime d'íoc sé faoin bpolasaí.
(8) San alt seo, folaíonn “leanbh” leas-leanbh, leanbh neamhdhlisteanach, duine uchtaithe (do réir bhrí an Achta Uchtála, 1952 (Uimh. 25 de 1952) ), agus duine ag a bhfuil an duine árachaithe in loco parentis.
(9) Beidh feidhm ag an alt seo pé acu roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo nó ina dhiaidh sin a tógadh amach an polasaí.
Conartha chun tairbhe do chéile nó leanaí.
8.—(1) Má bhíonn sé sainráite i gconradh (seachas conradh lena mbaineann alt 7) gur conradh é chun tairbhe nó go n-airbheartaíonn sé trína théarmaí sainráiteacha tairbhe a dhéanamh, don tríú duine, eadhon, banchéile, fearchéile nó leanbh dhuine de na páirtithe sa chonradh, féadfaidh an tríú duine é a chur i bhfeidhm ina ainm nó ina hainm féin amhail is dá mba pháirtí ann an tríú duine.
(2) Beidh an ceart a bheirtear don tríú duine leis an alt seo faoi réir aon chosanta a bheadh bailí idir na páirtithe sa chonradh.
(3) Mura bhforála an conradh a mhalairt, féadfar é a chealú le comhaontú na bpáirtithe sa chonradh tráth ar bith sara nglaca an tríú duine leis go sainráiteach nó óna iompar.
(4) Tá feidhm ag an alt seo pé acu roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo nó ina dhiaidh sin a rinneadh an conradh.
(5) San alt seo, folaíonn “leanbh” leas-leanbh, leanbh neamhdhlisteanach, duine uchtaithe (do réir bhrí an Achta Uchtála, 1952 (Uimh. 25 de 1952) ), agus duine ag a bhfuil an páirtí sa chonradh in loco parentis.
Imeachta coiriúla chun maoin daoine pósta a chosaint.
9.—(1) Faoi réir fo-ailt (3), beidh ag gach bean phósta, ina hainm féin in aghaidh gach uile dhuine riamh, agus a fearchéile d'áireamh, na leigheasanna agus an sásamh céanna trí imeachta coiriúla chun cosanta agus slándála a maoine a bheadh aici dá mbeadh sí gan bheith pósta.
(2) Faoi réir fo-ailt (3), beidh ag fearchéile in aghaidh a bhanchéile na leigheasanna agus an sásamh céanna trí imeachta coiriúla chun cosanta agus slándála a mhaoine a bheadh aige dá mba nárbh í a bhanchéile í.
(3) I gcás aon mhaoin a bheith á héileamh ag céile amháin (dá ngairmtear an t-éilitheoir sa bhfo-alt seo), ní bhunóidh an t-éilitheoir aon imeachta coiriúla de bhuaidh fo-ailt (1) nó fo-ailt (2) ina leith in aghaidh an chéile eile le linn dóibh bheith ina gcónaí le chéile ná, le linn dóibh bheith ina gcónaí ar leithligh ó chéile, i leith aon ghnímh a rinne an céile eile agus iad ina gcónaí le chéile murar thóg an céile eile an mhaoin sin go héagórach agus an céile eile sin ag fágaint nó ag tréigean an éilitheora nó ar tí an t-éilitheoir d'fhágaint nó a thréigean.
(4) In aon imeachta coiriúla lena mbaineann an t-alt seo a tionscnófar in aghaidh céile amháin, féadfar, d'ainneoin aon ní contrártha dhó sin in aon achtachán nó riail dlí, an céile eile a ghairm mar fhinné ar son an inchúisimh nó ar son na cosanta agus sin gan toiliú an duine a cúisíodh.
(5) In aon díotáil nó próis is foras d'imeachta coiriúla maidir le maoin mhná pósta, is leor a líomhnadh gur maoin léi an mhaoin.
Fiacha agus dliteanais banchéile roimh phósadh dhi.
10.—Tar éis a pósta leanfaidh bean de bheith faoi dhliteanas i leith na bhfiach uile faoina ndeachaigh sí agus na gconradh nó na dtort uile a rinne sí roimh phósadh di, lena n-áirítear aon tsuimeanna a mbeidh sí faoi dhliteanas ina leith mar rannpháirtí, pé acu roimh nó tar éis í a chur ar an liosta rannpháirtithe faoi réim agus de bhuaidh an Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, agus féadfar í d'agairt i leith aon fhéich den tsórt sin agus i leith aon dliteanais i ndamáistí nó eile faoi aon chonradh den tsórt sin nó i leith aon toirt den tsórt sin.
Deireadh le dliteanas fearchéile maidir le tortanna, conartha, fiacha agus oblagáidí a bhanchéile.
11.—(1) Aon fhearchéile mná—
(a) ní bheidh sé faoi dhliteanas aon toirt a rinne sí roimh a bpósadh nó dá éis sin, ná
(b) ní déanfar agra air, ná ní déanfar páirtí dhe in aon imeachta dlíthiúla a tionscnófar, i leith aon toirt den tsórt sin, ná
(c) ní bheidh sé faoi dhliteanas i leith aon chonartha a rinne sí, ná i leith aon fhéich ná oblagáide faoina ndeachaigh sí, roimh a bpósadh, ná
(d) ní bheidh sé faoi dhliteanas i leith aon chonartha faoina raghaidh sí, ná i leith aon fhéich nó oblagáide faoina raghaidh sí (seachas mar ghníomhaire), tar éis a bpósta, ná
(e) ní déanfar agra air, ná ní déanfar páirtí dhe in aon imeachta dlíthiúla a tionscnófar, i leith aon chonartha, féich nó oblagáide den tsórt sin,
de bhíthin amháin gurb é a fearchéile é.
(2) Má d'ordaigh cúirt don fhearchéile ailiúnas d'íoc agus nár íoc sé é sin go cuí, beidh sé, d'ainneoin fo-ailt (1), faoi dhliteanas i dtaobh riachtanas a soláthraíodh le haghaidh úsáide a bhanchéile.
Ceisteanna idir fearchéile agus banchéile i dtaobh maoine a chinneadh.
12.—(1) Baineann an t-alt seo le cinneadh aon cheiste a tharlós idir fearchéile agus banchéile i dtaobh an teidil chun aon mhaoine nó i dtaobh seilbhe aon mhaoine.
(2) Féadfaidh ceachtar páirtí nó aon duine lena mbaineann an scéal iarratas a dhéanamh go hachomair chun na hArd-Chúirte nó (de rogha an iarratasóra, is cuma cad é luach na maoine a bheas faoi dhíospóid) na Cúirte Cuarda chun an cheist a chinneadh agus féadfaidh an Chúirt pé ordú is cuí léi a dhéanamh maidir leis an maoin a bheas faoi dhíospóid agus maidir leis na costais a leanfas as an iarratas.
(3) Más mó ná £2,000 luach na maoine pearsanta (seachas airnéis réadach) nó más mó ná £60 luacháil inrátuithe na talún agus gur chun na Cúirte Cuarda a déanfar an t-iarratas, déanfaidh an Chúirt sin, má iarrann cosantóir nó freagróir é, na himeachta d'aistriú chun na hArd-Chúirte, ach is bailí d'aon ordú nó gníomh a rinneadh i gcúrsa na n-imeacht sin roimh an aistriú sin mura ndéantar é d'urscaoileadh nó d'athrú le hordú ón Ard-Chúirt.
(4) Má iarrann ceachtar páirtí é, féadfaidh an Chúirt an t-iarratas d'éisteacht go príobháideach.
(5) In aon imeachta faoin alt seo is mar gheallchoimeádaí, agus mar sin amháin, a háireofar, chun críocha costas nó eile, duine ar bith (seachas an fearchéile nó an bhanchéile) is páirtí sna himeachta sin.
(6) Is forála gan dochar do na cearta a bheirtear le halt 2 forála an ailt seo.
Cosaint do shocraíochtaí.
13.—(1) Faoi réir ailt 6 agus fo-ailt (2) den alt seo, ní bhacfaidh aon ní san Acht seo, ná ní chuirfidh ó bhail, aon tsocraíocht ná aon chomhaontú socraíochta a rinneadh nó a bheas le déanamh roimh a pósadh nó tar éis a pósta maidir le maoin mná pósta, ach ní mó an fheidhm ná an bhailíocht a bheas ag aon tsocraíocht, ná ag aon chomhaontú socraíochta, i gcoinne creidiúnaithe na mná sin ná mar bheadh ag a shamhail de shocraíocht nó de chaomhaontú socraíochta, a dhéanfadh fear, i gcoinne creidiúnaithe an fhir sin.
(2) (a) Beidh éifeacht ag forála an fho-ailt seo maidir le socraíocht nó le comhaontú socraíochta arna dhéanamh an 1ú lá d'Eanáir, 1908, nó dá éis, roimh a phósadh nó dá éis, ag a fearchéile nó ag fear a bhí lena pósadh maidir le maoin aon mhná a bhí sé le phósadh nó a phós sé.
(b) Ní bailí dhó mura ndearna sí nó mura ndéana sí, más lán-aois di, é d'fhorghníomhú nó, más rud é nárbh lán aois nó nach lán-aois di, é a dhaingniú tar éis teacht i lán-aois.
(c) Má gheibheann sí bás ina naíon di, cuirfidh aon chúnant nó diúscairt a rinne a fearchéile agus a bheas sa tsocraíocht nó sa chomhaontú socraíochta faoi cheangal nó aistreoidh sé aon leas in aon mhaoin dá cuid a bhféadfadh seisean teacht ina teideal ar ise d'fháil bháis agus a bhféadfadh seisean é a chur faoi cheangal nó a dhiúscairt dá mba nár ritheadh an Married Women's Property Act, 1907, agus an tAcht seo.
(d) Ní chuirfidh aon ní sa bhfo-alt seo ó bhail aon tsocraíocht nó comhaontú socraíochta a rinneadh nó a bheas le déanamh faoi fhorála an Infants Settlements Act, 1855.
Briseadh iontaobhais ag mná pósta.
14.—Na forála den Acht seo a bhaineas le dliteanas ban pósta beidh réim acu maidir le haon dliteanas a thiocfas de bhriseadh iontaobhais nó devastavit ag bean phósta, roimh a pósadh nó tar éis a pósta, ina cáil mar iontaobhaí nó mar ionadaí pearsanta agus ní bheidh a fearchéile faoi dhliteanas ina leith de bhíthin amháin gurb é a fearchéile é.
Uacht mná pósta.
15.—Beidh feidhm ag alt 24 (a dhéanas foráil i dtaobh na gcásanna ina mbeidh uacht le forléiriú mar ní a labhras ó bhás an tiomnóra) den Wills Act, 1837, maidir le huacht mná pósta a rinneadh le linn lánúnachais pé acu atá nó nach bhfuil sí i seilbh nó teideal aici chun aon mhaoine tráth a dhéanta agus ní gá an t-uacht sin d'athfhorghníomhú ná d'athfhoilsiú tar éis bháis a fearchéile.
Cumhacht aturnae mná pósta.
16.—Pé acu is naíon í nó nach ea, beidh de chumhacht ag bean phósta, amhail is dá mbeadh sí gan bheith pósta agus go raibh sí i lánaois, aturnae a cheapadh thar a ceann, trí ghníomhas, chun gníomhas ar bith d'fhorghníomhú nó aon ghníomh eile a dhéanamh d'fhéadfadh sí féin d'fhorghníomhú nó a dhéanamh; agus beidh feidhm ina leith sin ag forála na Conveyancing Acts, 1881 to 1911, maidir le hionstraimí a bhunaíos cumhachta aturnae.
Cosaint maidir le himeachta ar feitheamh agus le breithiúnais áirithe a chur i bhfeidhm.
17.—(1) Ní dhéanfaidh aon ní san Acht seo difir d'aon imeachta dlíthiúla maidir le haon tort má tionscnaíodh imeachta ina leith roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo.
(2) Ní thabharfaidh aon ní san Acht seo go bhféadfar aon bhreithiúnas nó ordú i gcoinne mná pósta i leith conartha a rinneadh, nó i leith féich nó oblagáide faoina ndeachthas, roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo, a chur i bhfeidhm i bhféimheacht nó a chur i bhfeidhm in aon tslí seachas i gcoinne a maoine.
Bronntanais mar chalaois ar chreidiúnaithe.
18.—(1) Ní déanfar aon ní san Acht seo d'fhorléiriú mar ní a bhéarfas gur bailí, amhail i gcoinne creidiúnaithe an fhearchéile, d'aon bhronntanas maoine ó fhearchéile dá bhanchéile, agus a leanfas, tar éis an bronntanas sin a thabhairt amhlaidh, de bheith ar a ordú nó ar dhiúscairt nó ara únaeracht ainme ag an bhfearchéile ná d'aon taisceadh nó infheistiú eile airgid de chuid an fhearchéile a rinne a bhanchéile nó a rinneadh ina hainm mar chalaois ar a chreidiúnaithe, agus féadfar aon airgead den tsórt sin a taisceadh nó a hinfheistíodh amhlaidh a leanúint amhail is nár ritheadh an tAcht seo.
(2) Ní déanfar aon ní san Acht seo d'fhorléiriú mar ní a bhéarfas gur bailí, amhail i gcoinne creidiúnaithe an bhanchéile, d'aon bhronntanas maoine ó bhanchéile dá fearchéile, agus a leanfas, tar éis an bronntanas sin a thabhairt amhlaidh, de bheith ar a hordú nó ar a diúscairt nó ar únaeracht ainme ag an mbanchéile ná d'aon taisceadh nó infheistiú eile airgid de chuid an bhanchéile a rinne a fearchéile nó a rinneadh ina ainm mar chalaois ar a creidiúnaithe, agus féadfar aon airgead den tsórt sin a taisceadh nó a hinfheistíodh amhlaidh a leanúint amhail is nár ritheadh an tAcht seo.
Athghairm iarmartach.
19.—Déantar leis seo na hachtacháin a luaitear sa Sceideal d'athghairm a mhéid a sonraítear sa tríú colún.
Gearrtheideal agus tosach feidhme. Alt 19.
20.—(1) Féadfar an tAcht um Stádas Ban Pósta, 1957, a ghairm den Acht seo.
(2) Tiocfaidh an tAcht seo i ngníomh an chéad lá de Mheitheamh, 1957.
AN SCEIDEAL
Achtachain A hAthghairmtear.
Siosón agus Caibidil nó Uimhir agus Bliain. | Gearrtheideal. | Méid na hAthghairme. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
11 Geo. 4 & 1 Will. 4. c. 65. | The Infants' Property Act, 1830 (arna chur i bhfeidhm in Éirinn leis an Infants' Property (Ireland) Act, 1835). | Alt 16, a mhéid a bhaineas sé le mná pósta. |
4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 92. | The Fines and Recoveries (Ireland) Act, 1834. | Alt 21; |
In alt 38, na focail ó “and if the tenant in tail” go dtí deireadh an ailt; | ||
Alt 43; | ||
Ailt 68 go 81. | ||
4 & 5 Vic. c. 20. | The Excise Management Act, 1841. | In alt 7, na focail “whose husband shall become insane or idiot, or be otherwise incapable of transacting his affairs, or whose husband shall be separated from her and be out of the limits of the United Kingdom”; |
An coinníoll a ghabhas le halt 7. | ||
8 & 9 Vic. c. 106. | The Real Property Act, 1845. | In alt 6, na focail ó “and every such disposition by a married woman” go dtí deireadh an ailt. |
18 & 19 Vic. c. 39. | The Leasing Powers Act for Religious Worship in Ireland, 1855. | I mír (5) d'alt 3, na focail “for their separate use”; |
Míreanna (6) agus (7) d'alt 3. | ||
20 & 21 Vic. c. 57. | The Married Women's Reversionary Interests Act, 1857. | An tAcht iomlán. |
28 & 29 Vic. c. 43. | The Married Women's Property (Ireland) Act, 1865. | An tAcht iomlán. |
33 & 34 Vic. c. 46. | The Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act, 1870. | Alt 60. |
40 & 41 Vic. c. 18. | The Settled Estates Act, 1877. | Ailt 50 agus 51; |
In alt 52, na focail “Subject to such examination as aforesaid”. | ||
40 & 41 Vic. c. 56. | The County Officers and Courts (Ireland) Act, 1877. | Alt 65. |
44 & 45 Vic. c. 41. | The Conveyancing Act, 1881. | Alt 40; |
I bhfo-alt (1) d'alt 50, na focail ó “and may, in like manner” go dtí deireadh an fho-ailt; | ||
I mír (i) d'fho-alt (2) d'alt 65, na focail ó “but, in the case of a married woman” go dtí deireadh na míre. | ||
44 & 45 Vic. c. 49. | The Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1881. | Mír (4) d'alt 38. |
44 & 45 Vic. c. 65. | The Leases for Schools (Ireland) Act, 1881. | I mír (d) d'alt 2, na focail “for their separate use, and whether restrained or not from anticipation”; |
Míreanna (e) agus (f) d'alt 2. | ||
45 & 46 Vic. c. 38. | The Settled Land Act, 1882. | Alt 61. |
45 & 46 Vic. c. 39. | The Conveyancing Act, 1882. | Alt 7. |
45 & 46 Vic. c. 75. | The Married Women's Property Act, 1882. | An tAcht iomlán. |
47 & 48 Vic. c. 14. | The Married Women's Property Act, 1884. | An tAcht iomlán. |
54 & 55 Vic. c. 66. | The Registration of Title Act, 1891. | I bhfo-alt (1) d'alt 73, na focail “Subject to the provisions of this section”; |
Fo-alt (2) d'alt 73. | ||
56 & 57 Vic. c. 53. | The Trustee Act, 1893. | Alt 16; |
I bhfo-alt (1) d'alt 45, na focail ó “and notwithstanding” go dtí “anticipation.” | ||
56 & 57 Vic. c. 63. | The Married Women's Property Act, 1893. | An tAcht iomlán. |
7 Edw. 7. c. 18. | The Married Women's Property Act, 1907. | An tAcht iomlán. |
8 Edw. 7. c. 24. | The Summary Jurisdiction (Ireland) Act, 1908. | I mír (a) d'fho-alt (1) d'alt 1, an focal “separate”. |
8 Edw. 7. c. 69. | The Companies (Consolida- tion) Act, 1908. | Alt 128. |
1 & 2 Geo. 5. c. 37. | The Conveyancing Act, 1911. | Alt 7. |
6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 50. | The Larceny Act, 1916. | Alt 36. |
An tAcht Maoine Tionscail agus Tráchtála (Cosaint) 1927. | I bhfo-alt (4) d'alt 166, na focail “ar leithligh”. |