As Ann Déscrolláil
Cuir Déscrolláil ar siúl chun an dá leagan a scrolláil le chéile.
Uimhir 26 de 1954.
AN tACHT EADRÁNA, 1954.
[An tiontó oifigiúil.]
[9ú Nollaig, 1954.]
CUID I.
Réamhráireach agus Ginearálta.
Gearrtheideal agus tosach feidhme.
1.—(1) Féadfar an tAcht Eadrána, 1954, a ghairm den Acht seo.
(2) Tiocfaidh an tAcht seo (ach amháin fo-alt (2) d'alt 12 agus Cuid V) i ngníomh an 1ú lá d'Eanáir, 1955.
(3) Tiocfaidh fo-alt (2) d'alt 12 agus Cuid V den Acht seo i ngníomh pé lá a ceapfar chuige sin le hordú ón Rialtas.
Léiriú i gcoitinne.
2.—(1) San Acht seo—
ciallaíonn “comhaontú eadrána” comhaontú scríofa chun easaontais atá ann nó a bheas ann a chur chun eadrána pé acu a hainmnítear nó nach n-ainmnítear eadránaí sa chomhaontú;
ciallaíonn “Coinbhinsiún 1927” an Coinbhinsiún um Dhámhachtana Eadrána Coigríche a Chur i bhFeidhm a rinneadh sa Ghinéibh an 26ú lá de Mheán Fómhair, 1927, agus atá leagtha amach sa Dara Sceideal a ghabhas leis an Acht seo;
ciallaíonn “an Chúirt” an Ard-Chúirt;
ciallaíonn “an dáta feidhme” an 1ú lá d'Eanáir, 1955;
ciallaíonn “Prótacal 1923” an Prótacal um Chlásail Eadrána a hosclaíodh sa Ghinéibh an 24ú lá de Mheán Fómhair, 1923, agus atá leagtha amach sa Chéad Sceideal a ghabhas leis an Acht seo;
ciallaíonn “údarás Stáit” aon údarás arb é atá ann—
(a) Aire Stáit,
(b) Coimisinéirí na nOibreacha Poiblí in Éirinn,
(c) Coimisiún Talún na hÉireann, nó
(d) na Coimisinéirí Ioncaim;
folaíonn “reachta na dtréimhsí” aon achtachán a chuireas tórainn leis an tréimhse chun aon imeachta áirithe a thionscnamh.
(2) Folaíonn tagairtí san Acht seo do dhámhachtain tagairtí do dhámhachtain eatramhach.
Tionscnamh eadrána.
3.—(1) Chun críocha an Achta seo agus chun críche reacht na dtréimhsí amhail mar bhainid le headrána agus chun críche ailt 496 den Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, arna leasú le halt 46 den Acht seo, measfar eadráin a thionscnamh nuair a dhéanfas páirtí amháin sa chomhaontú eadrána fógra i scríbhinn a sheirbheáil ar an bpáirtí nó ar na páirtithe eile á cheangal air nó orthu eadránaí a cheapadh nó comhthoiliú le headránaí a cheapadh nó, i gcás an comhaontú eadrána dá fhoráil gur faoi eadráin duine a hainmnítear nó a sonraítear sa comhaontú a cuirfear an díospóid, á cheangal air nó orthu an díospóid a chur faoi bhráid an duine a bheas ainmnithe nó sonraithe amhlaidh.
(2) (a) Féadfar fógra faoi fho-alt (1) den alt seo a sheirbheáil—
(i) trína sheachadadh don duine ar a bhfuil sé le seirbheáil,
(ii) trína fhágaint ag an áit sa Stát inar gnáth cónaí ar an duine sin nó gnó á sheoladh aige,
(iii) trína chur leis an bpost cláraithe i gclúdach a díreofar chun an duine sin ag an áit sa Stát inar gnáth cónaí air nó gnó á sheoladh aige,
(iv) ar aon mhodh eile a foráltar sa chomhaontú eadrána.
(b) Chun críocha an fho-ailt seo, measfar, i gcás cuideachtan atá cláraithe faoi na hAchta Cuideachtan, 1908 go 1924, gnó a bheith á sheoladh aici ina hoifig chláraithe sa Stát, agus measfar, i gcás gach comhluchta chorpraithe eile agus gach comhluchta neamhchorpraithe, gnó a bheith á sheoladh aige ina phríomh-oifig nó ina phríomháit ghnótha sa Stát.
Ceangal a bheith ar údaráis Stáit.
4.—Bainfidh an Chuid seo, Cuid II (ach amháin fo-alt (2) d'alt 12) agus Cuid III den Acht seo le headráin faoi chomhaontú eadrána a mbeidh údarás Stáit ina pháirtí ann.
Eadrána áirithe d'eisiamh.
5.—D'ainneoin aon ní san Acht seo, ní bhaineann an tAcht seo—
(a) le headráin faoi chomhaontú á fhoráil go gcuirfear chun eadrána, nó go socrófar trí eadráin, aon cheist i dtaobh téarmaí nó coinníollacha fostaíochta nó luach saothair aon fhostaithe, lena n-áirítear daoine ar fostú ag an Stát nó ag údaráis áitiúla nó faoin Stát nó faoi údaráis áitiúla, ná
(b) le headráin faoi alt 70 den Acht Caidrimh Thionscail, 1946 (Uimh. 26 de 1946).
Feidhm Choda II agus III.
6.—(1) Ní dhéanfaidh Cuid II den Acht seo difir d'aon eadráin faoi chomhaontú eadrána a tionscnadh roimh an dáta feidhme, ach beidh feidhm aici maidir le haon eadráin a tionscnófar ar an dáta feidhme nó dá éis faoi chomhaontú eadrána a rinneadh roimh an dáta feidhme.
(2) Ní dhéanfaidh Cuid III den Acht seo difir d'aon eadráin faoi aon Acht eile a tionscnadh roimh an dáta feidhme, ach beidh feidhm aici maidir le haon eadráin a tionscnófar ar an dáta feidhme nó dá éis faoi aon Acht eile a ritheadh roimh an dáta feidhme nó a rithfear air nó dá éis.
Pionós mar gheall ar fhianaise bhréagach a thabhairt.
7.—Aon duine a dhéanfas, le linn a cheistithe faoi mhionn nó faoi dhearbhasc os comhair eadránaí nó moltóra nó in aon mhionnscríbhinn in imeachta os comhair eadránaí nó moltóra, fianaise bhréagach a thabhairt go toiliúil agus go héillí nó aon ní bréagach a mhionnú nó a dhearbhasc go toiliúil agus go héillí, dlífear, ar a chiontú ann, na pionóis a ghabhas le mionnú éithigh go toiliúil agus go héillí a chur air.
Athghairm.
8.—(1) Déantar leis seo na hachtacháin a luaitear i gcolún (2) den Tríú Sceideal a ghabhas leis an Acht seo d'athghairm (ach amháin maidir le headrána faoi chomhaontuithe eadrána a tionscnadh roimh an dáta feidhme) a mhéid a luaitear i gcolún (3) den Sceideal sin.
(2) Forléireofar mar thagairt don Acht seo aon tagairt in aon achtachán nó ionstraim d'aon achtachán a hathghairmtear leis an Acht seo.
CUID II.
Eadráin faoi Chomhaontuithe Eadrána.
Údarás eadránaithe agus moltóirí a bheith do-chúlghairmthe.
9.—Ní féidir, ach amháin le cead na Cúirte, údarás an eadránaí nó an mholtóra a ceapfar le comhaontú eadrána nó dá bhuaidh a chúlghairm mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite sa chomhaontú.
Bás páirtí.
10.—(1) Ní thabharfaidh bás aon pháirtí i gcomhaontú eadrána go mbeidh an comhaontú sin urscaoilte maidir leis an duine marbh ná le haon pháirtí eile, ach sa chás sin féadfaidh ionadaithe pearsanta an duine mhairbh é a chur i bhfeidhm nó féadfar é a chur i bhfeidhm ina gcoinne.
(2) Ní thabharfaidh bás aon pháirtí a cheap éadránaí go mbeidh údarás an eadránaí sin cúlghairmthe.
(3) Ní measfar go ndéanann aon ní san alt seo difir d'oibriú aon achtacháin nó rialach dlí a ndéantar dá bhuaidh aon cheart caingin a mhúchadh trí bhás duine.
Forála i gcás féimheachta.
11.—(1) San alt seo ciallaíonn an focal “sannaí” an Sannaí Oifigiúil i bhFéimheacht agus folaíonn sé an sannaí (más ann) a roghnós na creidiúnaithe chun gníomhú leis an Sannaí Oifigiúil i bhFéimheacht.
(2) I gcás comhaontú eadrána a bheith ina chuid de chonradh a mbeidh féimheach ina pháirtí ann, beidh an comhaontú, mura séanfaidh an sannaí nó an t-iontaobhaí i bhféimheacht an conradh, inchurtha i bhfeidhm aige nó ina choinne, a mhéid a bhaineas sé le haon easaontas a éireos as an gconradh sin nó i ndáil leis.
(3) Más rud é—
(a) go raibh duine ar breithníodh féimheach é ina pháirtí i gcomhaontú eadrána sarar thosnaigh an fhéimheacht, agus
(b) gur gá aon ní lena mbaineann an comhaontú a chinneadh i ndáil leis na himeachta féimheachta nó chun críocha na n-imeacht sin, agus
(c) gur cás é nach mbaineann fo-alt (2) den alt seo leis,
ansin, féadfaidh aon pháirtí eile sa chomhaontú nó an sannaí nó, le toiliú an choiste iniúchta, an t-iontaobhaí i bhféimheacht ordú d'iarraidh ar an gcúirt ag a bhfuil dlínse sna himeachta féimheachta á ordú an ní atá i gceist a chur chun eadrána do réir an chomhaontuithe agus féadfaidh an chúirt sin, más dóigh léi ag féachaint d'imthosca uile an cháis gur cóir an ní sin a chinneadh trí eadráin, ordú a dhéanamh dá réir sin.
Cumhacht chun bac a chur ar imeachta i gcás comhaontú eadrána a bheith déanta.
12.—(1) Má thionscnann aon pháirtí i gcomhaontú eadrána, nó aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd an bpáirtí sin nó faoi, aon imeachta in aon chúirt i gcoinne aon pháirtí eile sa chomhaontú nó i gcoinne aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd an bpáirtí eile sin nó faoi maidir le haon ní ar comhaontaíodh é a chur chun eadrána, féadfaidh aon pháirtí sna himeachta sin, aon tráth tar éis láithriú agus roimh aon phléadála a sheachadadh nó aon bhearta eile a dhéanamh sna himeachta, a iarraidh ar an gcúirt sin bac a chur ar na himeachta, agus, más deimhin leis an gcúirt sin nach bhfuil leorchúis ann chun gan an ní sin a chur chun eadrána do réir an chomhaontuithe agus go raibh an t-iarratasóir, an tráth a tionscnadh na himeachta, agus go bhfuil sé fós, ullamh agus toilteanach gach ní a dhéanamh is gá chun go seolfaí an eadráin go cuí, féadfaidh sí ordú a dhéanamh ag cur bac ar na himeachta.
(2) D'ainneoin aon ní sa Chuid seo, má dhéanann aon pháirtí i dtarchur chun eadrána de bhun comhaontuithe lena mbaineann Prótacal 1923, nó aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd an bpáirtí sin nó faoi, aon imeachta dlí a thionscnamh in aon chúirt i gcoinne aon pháirtí eile sa tarchur, nó i gcoinne aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd an bpáirtí eile sin nó faoi, maidir le haon ní a comhaontaíodh a chur chun eadrána, féadfaidh aon pháirtí sna himeachta dlí sin, aon tráth tar éis láithriú agus roimh aon phléadála a sheachadadh nó aon bhearta eile a dhéanamh sna himeachta, a iarraidh ar an gcúirt sin bac a chur ar na himeachta, agus mura deimhin leis an gcúirt sin go bhfuil an comhaontú nó an eadráin ó fheidhm nó nach féidir dul ar aghaidh leis nó nach bhfuil iarbhír aon díospóid idir na páirtithe maidir leis an ní a comhaontaíodh a chur chun eadrána déanfaidh sí ordú ag cur bac ar na himeachta.
Saincheisteanna idirphléadála a chur chun eadrána.
13.—Má tugtar faoiseamh i bhfoirm idirphléadála agus gur dóigh leis an gCúirt go mbaineann comhaontú eadrána, inar páirtithe na héilitheoirí, leis na nithe atá i gceist sna héilimh áirithe, féadfaidh an Chúirt a ordú gur do réir an chomhaontuithe a cinnfear an tsaincheist idir na héilitheoirí.
Eadránaithe agus Moltóirí.
Eadráin ag eadránai aonair.
14.—Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite i gcomhaontú eadrána, measfar, mura bhforáltar modh eile eadrána ann, foráil a bheith ann gur ag eadránaí aonair a bheas an eadráin le déanamh.
Cumhacht ag na páirtithe, i gcásanna áirithe, folúntas a líonadh.
15.—(1) Más rud é—
(a) go bhforálann comhaontú eadrána gur ag beirt eadránaí, a gceapfaidh gach aon pháirtí, duine acu, a bheas an eadráin le déanamh, agus
(b) go ndiúltóidh ceachtar de na headránaithe a ceapfar gníomhú, nó go mbeidh sé éagumasach ar ghníomhú, nó go n-éagfaidh sé,
ansin, mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite sa chomhaontú, féadfaidh an páirtí a cheap an t-eadránaí a dhiúltós amhlaidh gníomhú, nó a bheas éagumasach amhlaidh ar ghníomhú nó a éagfas, eadránaí nua a cheapadh ina ionad.
(2) (a) Más rud é—
(i) go bhforálann comhaontú eadrána gur ag beirt eadránaí, a gceapfaidh gach aon pháirtí duine acu, a bheas an eadráin le déanamh, agus
(ii) ar easaontas a chur chun eadrána den tsórt sin, go mainneoidh páirtí amháin eadránaí a cheapadh, mar eadránaí bunaidh nó mar eadránaí ionaid faoi fho-alt (1) den alt seo, go ceann seacht lá glan tar éis don pháirtí eile, ar é do cheapadh a eadránaí, fógra a sheirbheáil ar an bpáirtí a rinne an mhainneachtaint á iarraidh air an ceapachán a dhéanamh,
ansin, mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite sa chomhaontú, féadfaidh an páirtí a bhfuil eadránaí ceaptha aige an t-eadránaí sin a cheapadh chun gníomhú mar eadránaí aonair san eadráin agus beidh a dhámhachtain sin ina ceangal ar an dá pháirtí amhail is dá mba d'aon-toil a ceapadh é.
(b) Féadfaidh an Chúirt aon cheapachán faoi mhír (a) den fho-alt seo a chur ar ceal.
Moltóirí.
16.—(1) Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite i gcomhaontú eadrána, measfar, más ag beirt eadránaí atá an eadráin le déanamh, foráil a bheith ann go gceapfaidh an bheirt eadránaí moltóir go díreach tar éis iad féin a bheith ceaptha.
(2) Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite i gcomhaontú eadrána, measfar, i gcás foráil den tsórt sin a bheith infheidhme maidir leis an eadráin, foráil a bheith ann, má sheachadann na headránaithe d'aon pháirtí sa chomhaontú eadrána, nó don mholtóir, fógra i scríbhinn á rá nach féidir leo aontú le chéile, go bhféadfaidh an moltóir láithreach ionad na n-eadránaithe a ghlacadh san eadráin, ach ní forléireofar aon ní sa bhfo-alt seo mar ní a choiscfeas ar an moltóir suí i dteannta na n-eadránaithe agus an fhianaise d'éisteacht.
(3) Aon tráth tar éis moltóir a cheapadh, pé slí ina gceapfar é, féadfaidh an Chúirt, ar iarratas aon pháirtí san eadráin agus d'ainneoin aon ní contrártha dhó sin sa chomhaontú eadrána, a ordú go nglacfaidh an moltóir ionad na n-eadránaithe san eadráin agus sin amhail is dá mba eadránaí aonair é.
Comhaontuithe chun triúr eadránaí a bheith ann.
17.—(1) Má fhorálann comhaontú eadrána gur ag triúr eadránaí a bheas an eadráin le déanamh, a gceapfaidh gach aon pháirtí duine acu agus a mbeidh an tríú duine le ceapadh ag an mbeirt a cheap na páirtithe, beidh éifeacht ag an gcomhaontú, amhail is dá bhforáladh sé gur moltóir, agus nach é an tríú eadránaí, a bhí le ceapadh ag an mbeirt eadránaí a cheap na páirtithe.
(2) Má fhorálann comhaontú eadrána gur ag triúr eadránaí, a ceapfar ar shlí seachas mar luaitear i bhfo-alt (1) den alt seo, a bheas an eadráin le déanamh, beidh dámhachtain aon bheirte de na headránaithe ina dámhachtain cheangailteach.
Cumhacht ag an gCúirt i gcásanna áirithe eadránaí nó moltóir a cheapadh.
18.—In aon chás acu seo a leanas—
(a) más rud é—
(i) go bhforálann comhaontú eadrána gur ag eadránaí aonair a bheas an eadráin le déanamh, agus
(ii) nach mbeidh na páirtithe go léir, tar éis easaontais d'éirí, ar comhthoil lena chéile faoi cheapadh eadránaí;
(b) más rud é—
(i) go ndiúltóidh eadránaí a bheas ceaptha gníomhú nó go mbeidh sé éagumasach ar ghníomhú nó go n-éagfaidh sé, agus
(ii) nach léir as an gcomhaontú eadrána go rabhthas ar intinn an folúntas d'fhágaint gan líonadh, agus
(iii) nach líonfaidh na páirtithe an folúntas;
(c) más rud é go mbeidh de chead ag na páirtithe nó ag beirt eadránaí moltóir nó an tríú eadránaí a cheapadh agus nach gceapfaid é;
(d) más rud é go mbeidh ceangailte ar bheirt eadránaí moltóir a cheapadh agus nach gceapfaid é;
(e) más rud é—
(i) go ndiúltóidh moltóir a bheas ceaptha, nó an tríú eadránaí a bheas ceaptha, gníomhú, nó go mbeidh sé éagumasach ar ghníomhú nó go n-éagfaidh sé, agus
(ii) nach léir as an gcomhaontú eadrána go rabhthas ar intinn an folúntas d'fhágaint gan líonadh, agus
(iii) nach líonfaidh na páirtithe nó na headránaithe an folúntas,
beidh éifeacht ag na forála seo a leanas—
(1) féadfaidh aon pháirtí fógra scríofa a sheirbheáil ar na páirtithe eile nó ar na headránaithe, do réir mar bheas, chun eadránaí, moltóir nó an tríú eadránaí a cheapadh nó, do réir mar bheas, chun comhthoiliú faoi cheapadh eadránaí, moltóra nó an tríú eadránaí,
(2) Mura ndéantar an ceapachán laistigh de sheacht lá glan tar éis an fógra a sheirbheáil, féadfaidh an Chúirt, ar iarratas an pháirtí a thug an fógra, eadránaí, moltóir nó an tríú eadránaí a cheapadh, a mbeidh na cumhachta céanna aige chun gníomhú san eadráin agus dámhachtain a dhéanamh a bheadh aige dá mba le comhthoiliú na bpáirtithe uile a ceapadh é.
Finnéithe, Urrús i leith Costas, Follasú Doiciméad, etc.
Cumhachta oadránaithe agus moltóirí maidir le finnéithe.
19.—(1) Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite i gcomhaontú eadrána, measfar, i gcás foráil den tsórt sin a bheith infheidhme maidir leis an eadráin, foráil a bheith ann go raghaidh na páirtithe san eadráin, agus gach duine a bheas ag éileamh tríothu faoi seach, faoi cheistiú, faoi réir aon agóide dlíthiúla, ag an eadránaí nó ag an moltóir, faoi mhionn nó faoi dhearbhasc, maidir leis na nithe a bheas faoi dhíospóid, agus go ndéanfaid, faoi réir aon agóide dlíthiúla, gach doiciméad (seachas doiciméid nárbh fhéidir a chur faoi deara iad a thabhairt ar aird ar chaingean a bheith á thriail a bheas ina seilbh nó faoina n-urláimh faoi seach, agus a héileofar nó a hiarrfar, a thabhairt ar aird os comhair an eadránaí nó an mholtóra, agus go ndéanfaid gach ní eile a cheanglós an t-eadránaí nó an moltóir orthu le linn na n-imeacht san eadráin.
(2) Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite i gcomhaontú eadrána, measfar, i gcás foráil den tsórt sin a bheith infheidhme maidir leis an eadráin, foráil a bheith ann gur faoi mhionn nó faoi dhearbhasc a ceisteofar na finnéithe san eadráin más cuí leis an eadránaí nó leis an moltóir é.
(3) Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite i gcomhaontú eadrána, beidh de chumhacht ag eadránaí nó moltóir na páirtithe agus na finnéithe in eadráin faoin gcomhaontú a chur faoi mhionn nó dearbhasc a ghlacadh uathu.
Cumhacht ag páirtithe in eadráin a ordú d'fhinnéithe freastal dhéanamh.
20.—Féadfaidh aon pháirtí in eadráin faoi chomhaontú eadrána agra a dhéanamh i leith orduithe faoi ghné eascaire subpoena ad testificandum nó eascaire subpoena duces tecum, ach ní cuirfear faoi deara d'aon duine faoi aon ordú den tsórt sin aon doiciméad a thabhairt ar aird nach bhféadfaí a chur faoi deara dhó é a thabhairt aird ar chaingean a bheith á thriail.
Cumhacht ag an gCúirt a ordú do phríosúnach freastal mar fhinné.
21.—Féadfaidh an chúirt a ordú go n-eiseofar ordú faoi ghné eascaire habeas corpus ad testificandum chun príosúnach a thabhairt i láthair lena cheistiú os comhair eadránaí nó moltóra.
Orduithe ag an gCúirt maidir le hurrús i leith costas, follasú doiciméad, etc.
22.—(1) Beidh ag an gCúirt, chun críche agus i leith eadrána, cumhacht chun orduithe a dhéanamh maidir leis na nithe seo a leanas—
(a) urrús i leith costas;
(b) doiciméid agus agarcheisteanna d'fhollasú agus d'iniúchadh;
(c) fianaise a thabhairt trí mhionnscríbhinn;
(d) aon fhinné a cheistiú faoi mhionn os comhair oifigigh don Chúirt nó os comhair aon duine eile, agus coimisiún nó iarratas d'eisiúint chun finné a cheistiú lasmuigh den dlínse;
(e) aon earraí is ábhar don eadráin a chaomhaint, a choimeád ar feadh eatraimh nó a dhíol;
(f) urrús a thabhairt i leith an mhéid a bheas faoi dhíospóid san eadráin;
(g) aon mhaoin nó rud a choinneáil, a chaomhaint nó d'iniúchadh is ábhar don eadráin nó a bhféadfadh aon cheist a bheith ann ina thaobh san eadráin, agus údarás a thabhairt chun aon chríche acu sin adúradh d'aon daoine dul isteach ar aon talamh nó in aon fhoirgneamh a bheas i seilbh aon pháirtí san eadráin, nó údarás a thabhairt aon tsamplaí a thógaint, nó aon bhreathnadóireacht a dhéanamh nó aon turgnamh a thriail is gá nó is fóirstineach chun eolas nó fianaise iomlán d'fháil; agus
(h) urghairí eatramhacha nó ceapadh glacadóra,
amhail mar atá aici chun críche agus i leith caingin nó ábhair sa Chúirt.
(2) Ní measfar aon ní i bhfo-alt (1) den alt seo do dhéanamh dochair d'aon chumhacht a bheas dílsithe in eadránaí nó i moltóir chun orduithe a dhéanamh maidir le haon ábhar dá luaitear sa bhfo-alt sin.
Forála maidir le Dámhachtana.
An tráth chun dámhachtain a dhéanamh.
23.—(1) Faoi réir fo-ailt (2) d'alt 36 den Acht seo agus faoi réir aon ní contrártha dhó sin sa chomhaontú eadrána, beidh de chumhacht ag eadránaí nó ag moltóir dámhachtain a dhéanamh aon tráth.
(2) Féadfar an tórainn, más aon tórainn é, a bheas leis an tréimhse chun dámhachtain a dhéanamh, pé acu faoin Acht seo nó ar shlí eile é, a chur siar ó am go ham le hordú ón gCúirt nó le comhaontú i scríbhinn idir na páirtithe, pé acu beifear nó nach mbeifear tar éis dul thar an tórainn sin.
Eadránaí nó moltóir a scor mura ndéana sé an eadráin le luas réasúnach.
24.—(1) Féadfaidh an Chúirt, ar iarratas aon pháirtí in eadráin, eadránaí nó moltóir a scor mura gcroma sé ar an eadráin, agus dul ar aghaidh leis an eadráin agus dámhachtain a dhéanamh, le luas réasúnach.
(2) Ní bheidh eadránaí ná moltóir a scoirfeas an Chúirt faoi fho-alt (1) den alt seo i dteideal aon luach saothair d'fháil i leith a sheirbhísí.
(3) Chun críocha an ailt seo folaíonn an abairt “dul ar aghaidh leis an eadráin”, mura féidir le beirt eadránaí comhaontú, fógra ina thaobh sin a thabhairt do na páirtithe agus don mholtóir.
Damhachtana eatramhacha.
25.—Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite i gcomhaontú eadrána measfar, i gcás foráil den tsórt sin a bheith infheidhme maidir leis an eadráin, foráil a bheith ann go bhféadfaidh an t-eadránaí nó an moltóir, más cuí leis é, dámhachtain eatramhach a dhéanamh.
Sainchomhlíonadh.
26.—Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite i gcomhaontú eadrána, measfar, i gcás foráil den tsórt sin a bheith infheidhme maidir leis an eadráin, foráil a bheith ann go mbeidh ag an eadránaí nó ag an moltóir an chumhacht chéanna atá ag an gCúirt chun sainchomhlíonadh aon chonartha d'ordú nach conradh a bhaineas le talamh nó le haon leas i dtalamh.
Dámhachtana le bheith críochnaitheach.
27.—Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite i gcomhaontú eadrána, i gcás foráil den tsórt sin a bheith infheidhme maidir leis an eadráin, measfar foráil a bheith ann go mbeidh an dámhachtain a dhéanfas an t-eadránaí nó an moltóir ina dámhachtain chríochnaitheach agus ina ceangal ar na páirtithe agus ar na daoine a bheas ag éileamh fúthu faoi seach.
Cumhacht chun tuathail a cheartu.
28.—Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite sa chomhaontú eadrána, beidh de chumhacht ag an eadránaí nó ag an moltóir ceartú a dhéanamh i ndámhachtain ar aon dearmad nó earráid chléireachais a tháinig as aon tuathal nó easnamh a tharla de thionóise.
Costais, Táillí agus Us.
Costais eadrána agus dámhachtana a bheith do réir roghan an eadránaí nó an mholtóra.
29.—(1) Mura bhfuil a mhalairt sainráite i gcomhaontú eadrána, measfar foráil a bheith ann gur do réir roghan an eadránaí nó an mholtóra a bheas costais na headrána agus na dámhachtana agus go bhféadfaidh seisean a ordú cé leis a n-íocfar, cé hé a íocfas agus cad é an modh ar a n-íocfar na costais sin nó aon chuid díobh agus go bhféadfaidh sé, le toiliú na bpáirtithe, méid na gcostas a bheas le n-íoc amhlaidh nó aon choda díobh d'fhómhas nó a shocrú agus go bhféadfaidh costais a dhámhachtain a bheas le n-íoc amhail idir aturnae agus cliant.
(2) Má hordaítear le dámhachtain aon chostais d'íoc, ansin, mura ndéanfaidh an t-eadránaí nó an moltóir, le toiliú na bpáirtithe, méid na gcostas sin d'fhómhas nó a shocrú—
(a) is ag Máistir Fómhais a bheas na costais le fómhas agus le cinneadh,
(b) beidh feidhm maidir leis na costais a bheas le fómhas agus le cinneadh amhlaidh ag an nós imeachta chun fómhas d'fháil agus ag rialacha, rialacháin agus scálaí costas na Cúirte i leith fómhais agus i leith athbhreithnithe ar fhómhas amhail is dá mba bhreithiúnas nó ordú ón gCúirt an dámhachtain.
Forála áirithe maidir le costais i gcomhaontuithe eadrána a bheith ar neamhní.
30.—(1) Aon fhoráil a bheas i gcomhaontú eadrána á fhoráil go n-íocfaidh na páirtithe nó aon pháirtí sa chomhaontú sin i gcás ar bith a gcostas nó a chostas féin i leith na headrána nó aon choda dhi nó i leith na dámhachtana nó aon choda dhi, beidh sí ar neamhní, agus beidh éifeacht ag an gCuid seo i gcás comhaontuithe eadrána ina mbeidh aon fhoráil den tsórt sin amhail is nach mbeadh an fhoráil sin ann.
(2) Ní bhéarfaidh aon ní i bhfo-alt (1) den alt seo go mbeidh aon fhoráil den tsórt a luaitear sa bhfo-alt sin neamhbhailí nuair is cuid í de chomhaontú chun díospóid a tharchur chun eadrána a tharla sara ndearnadh an comhaontú sin.
Iarratas chun an eadránaí nó an mholtóra ag iarraidh orduithe maidir le costais i gcás gan foráil ina leith a bheith sa dámhachtain.
31.—Mura ndéantar sa dámhachtain aon fhoráil maidir le costais na headrána, féadfaidh aon pháirtí san eadráin, laistigh de cheithre lá déag tar éis an dámhachtain d'fhoilsiú nó de pé tréimhse is sia ná sin a ordós an Chúirt, iarratas a dhéanamh chun an eadránaí nó an mholtóra ar ordú a ordós cé a íocfas agus cé leis a n-íocfar na costais sin, agus air sin déanfaidh an t-eadránaí nó an moltóir, tar éis dó éisteacht a thabhairt d'aon pháirtí ar mian leis éisteacht d'fháil, a dhámhachtain a leasú trí pé orduithe a chur léi is dóigh leis is cuí maidir le costais na headrána d'íoc.
Feidhm ailt 3 den Legal Practitioners (Ireland) Act, 1876, maidir le costais aturnaethe in eadrána.
32.—Beidh feidhm ag alt 3 den Legal Practitioners (Ireland) Act, 1876 (a thugas cumhacht do chúirt a mbeidh aon imeacht éistithe nó ar feitheamh os a comhair íoc costas aturnaethe a mhuirearú ar mhaoin a gnóthaíodh nó a caomhnadh san imeacht) amhail is dá mba imeacht sa Chúirt a bheadh in eadráin, agus féadfaidh an Chúirt dearbhuithe agus orduithe a dhéanamh dá réir sin.
Táille eadránaí nó moltóra d'fhómas.
33.—(1) Má tharlann in aon chás go ndiúltóidh eadránaí nó moltóir a dhámhachtain a thabhairt mura n-íoctar leis na táillí a éileos sé, féadfaidh an Chúirt, ar iarratas d'fháil chuige sin, a ordú don eadránaí nó don mholtóir an dámhachtain a thabhairt don iarratasóir ar an iarratasóir d'íoc na dtáillí a héilíodh isteach sa Chúirt, agus a ordú freisin go ndéanfaidh Máistir Fómhais na táillí a héilíodh d'fhómhas agus go n-íocfar leis an eadránaí nó leis an moltóir mar tháillí, as an airgead a híocadh isteach sa Chúirt, pé suim a cinnfear a bheith réasúnach de thoradh an fhómhais agus go n-íocfar iarmhéid an airgid, má bhíonn ann, leis an iarratasóir.
(2) Féadfaidh aon pháirtí san eadráin iarratas chun críche an ailt seo a dhéanamh, mura rud é go mbeidh na táillí a héilíodh socruithe le comhaontú i scríbhinn idir an páirtí sin agus an t-eadránaí nó an moltóir.
(3) Féadfar fómhas táillí faoin alt seo d'athbhreithniú amhail mar féadtar fómhas costas d'athbhreithniú.
(4) Beidh an t-eadránaí nó an moltóir i dteideal láithriú agus éisteacht d'fháil le linn aon fhómhais nó aon athbhreithnithe ar fhómhas faoin alt seo.
Us ar dhámhachtana.
34.—Mura n-ordaítear a mhalairt sa dámhachtain, beidh ús le n-íoc, amhail ó dháta na dámhachtana, ar shuim a hordófar d'íoc le dámhachtain, agus sin ar aon-ráta le fiach breithiúnais.
Cásanna Speisialta, Dámhachtana a Tharchur agus a chur ar ceal, Eadránaí nó Moltóir a Scor agus Faoiseamh a thabhairt i gcás gan Eadránaí a bheith neamhchlaon nó i gcás Ceisteanna Calaoise a bheith ann.
Sonrú cáis ag eadránaí nó ag moltóir.
35.—(1) Féadfaidh eadránaí nó moltóir, agus déanfaidh sé má ordaíonn an Chúirt dó é,—
(a) aon cheist dlí a éireos i gcúrsa na headrána, nó
(b) aon dámhachtain nó aon chuid de dhámhachtain,
a shonrú i bhfoirm cháis speisialta le breith na Cúirte d'fháil air.
(2) Féadfar cás speisialta maidir le dámhachtain eatramhach nó le ceist dlí a éireos i gcúrsa eadrána a shonrú, nó féadfaidh an Chúirt a ordú go ndéanfar sin a shonrú, d'ainneoin imeachta faoin eadráin a bheith fós ar feitheamh.
Cumhacht na Cúirte chun dámhachtain a tharchur.
36.—(1) I ngach cás a cuirfear chun eadrána, féadfaidh an Chúirt ó am go ham na nithe, nó aon cheann de na nithe, a cuireadh chun eadrána a tharchur lena n-athbhreithniú ag an eadránaí nó ag an moltóir.
(2) I gcás dámhachtain a tharchur amhlaidh, déanfaidh an t-eadránaí nó an moltóir a dhámhachtain, mura n-ordaí an t-ordú a mhalairt, laistigh de thrí mhí i ndiaidh dáta an orduithe.
Cumhacht na Cúirte chun eadránaí nó moltóir a scor de dheasca mí-iompair.
37.—Má bhí eadránaí nó moltóir mí-iomparach nó má rinne sé mí-stiúradh ar na himeachta, féadfaidh an Chúirt é a scor.
Cumhacht na Cúirte chun dámhachtain a chur ar ceal de dheasca mí-iompair.
38.—(1) Más rud é—
(a) go raibh eadránaí nó moltóir mí-iomparach nó go ndearna sé mí-stiúradh ar na himeachta, nó
(b) go bhfuarthas eadráin nó dámhachtain go mícheart, féadfaidh an Chúirt an dámhachtain a chur ar ceal.
(2) Má déantar iarratas chun dámhachtain a chur ar ceal, féadfaidh an Chúirt a ordú aon airgead is iníoctha faoin dámhachtain a thabhairt isteach sa Chúirt nó urrús a thabhairt ina leith ar shlí eile go dtí go gcinnfear an t-iarratas.
Cumhacht na Cúirte chun faoiseamh a thabhairt i gcás gan an t-eadránaí a bheith neamhchlaon nó i gcás ceist chalaoise a bheith sa díospóid.
39.—(1) Más rud é—
(a) go bhforálann comhaontú idir aon pháirtithe go ndéanfar díospóidí a tharlós eatarthu feasta a chur chun eadránaí a hainmnítear nó a sonraítear sa chomhaontú, agus
(b) tar éis díospóid a tharlachtain, go ndéanfaidh aon pháirtí, ar an bhforas nach bhfuil nó go mb'fhéidir nach mbeadh an t-eadránaí a hainmnítear, nó a sonraítear amhlaidh neamhchlaon, cead d'iarraidh ar an gCúirt údarás an eadránaí a chúlghairm nó urghaire d'iarraidh uirthi chun aon pháirtí eile nó an t-eadránaí a shrianadh ó dhul ar aghaidh leis an eadráin,
ní foras chun an t-iarratas a dhiúltú gurbh eol, nó gur chóir gurbh eol, don pháirtí sin an tráth a rinne sé an comhaontú go mb'fhéidir nach mbeadh an t-eadránaí neamhchlaon toisc na bainte a bhí aige le haon pháirtí eile sa chomhaontú nó leis an ábhar a cuireadh chun eadrána.
(2) Más rud é—
(a) go bhforálann comhaontú idir aon pháirtithe go ndéanfar díospóidí a tharlós eatarthu feasta a chur chun eadrána, agus
(b) go mbeidh sé i gceist in aon díospóid a tharlós amhlaidh cé acu a bhí nó nach raibh aon pháirtí ciontach i gcalaois,
beidh ag an gCúirt, a mhéid is gá é chun go bhféadfaidh an Chúirt an cheist a chinneadh, cumhacht chun a ordú go scoirfidh an comhaontú d'éifeacht a bheith aige agus cumhacht chun cead a thabhairt údarás aon eadránaí nó moltóra a ceapadh leis an gcomhaontú nó dá bhuaidh a chúlghairm.
(3) In aon chás ina mbeidh de chumhacht ag an gCúirt, de bhuaidh an ailt seo, a ordú go scoirfidh aon chomhaontú eadrána d'éifeacht a bheith aige nó cead a thabhairt údarás aon eadránaí nó moltóra a chúlghairm, féadfaidh an Chúirt diúltú bac a chur ar aon chaingean a tionscnadh contrártha don chomhaontú.
Cumhacht na Cúirte i gcás eadránaí a scor nó údarás eadránaí a chúlghairm.
40.—(1) Má scoireann an Chúirt eadránaí (nach eadránaí aonair) nó beirt eadránaí nó níos mó (i gcás nach iad na headránaithe uile iad) nó moltóir nach bhfuil tar éis cromadh ar an eadráin, féadfaidh an Chúirt, ar aon pháirtí sa chomhaontú eadrána dá iarraidh sin, duine nó daoine a cheapadh chun gníomhú mar eadránaí nó mar eadránaithe nó mar mholtóir in ionad an duine nó na ndaoine a scoireadh amhlaidh.
(2) Más rud é—
(a) go gcúlghairmfear le cead na Cúirte údarás an eadránaí nó na n-eadránaithe nó an mholtóra, nó
(b) go scoirfidh an Chúirt eadránaí aonair nó na headránaithe uile nó moltóir atá tar éis cromadh ar an eadráin,
féadfaidh an Chúirt, ar aon pháirtí sa chomhaontú eadrána dá iarraidh sin,—
(i) duine a cheapadh chun gníomhú mar eadránaí aonair in ionad an duine nó na ndaoine a scoireadh, nó
(ii) a ordú go scoirfidh an comhaontú eadrána d'éifeacht a bheith aige maidir leis an díospóid a cuireadh chun eadrána.
(3) Beidh ag duine a cheapfas an Chúirt faoin alt seo mar eadránaí nó moltóir an chumhacht chéanna chun gníomhú san eadráin agus chun dámhachtain a dhéanamh a bheadh aige dá mba do réir téarmaí an chomhaontuithe eadrána a ceapfaí é.
(4) I gcás ina bhforáltar (pé acu le foráil i gcomhaontú eadrána nó eile é) dámhachtain faoi chomhaontú eadrána a bheith ina réamhchoinníoll chun caingean a thionscnamh maidir le haon ní lena mbaineann an comhaontú, féadfaidh an Chúirt, má ordaíonn sí (faoin alt seo nó faoi aon achtachán eile) go scoirfidh an comhaontú d'éifeacht a bheith aige maidir le haon díospóid áirithe, a ordú ina theannta sin go scoirfidh an fhoráil i dtaobh dámhachtain a bheith ina réamhchoinníoll chun caingean a thionscnamh d'éifeacht a bheith aici maidir leis an díospóid sin.
Dámhachtain a Chur i bhFeidhm.
Dámhachtain a chur i bhfeidhm.
41.—Féadfar le cead na Cúirte dámhachtain de bhun comhaontuithe eadrána a chur i bhfeidhm amhail mar cuirfí breithiúnas nó ordú sa chéill chéanna i bhfeidhm agus, má tugtar an cead sin, féadfar breithiúnas a thaifeadadh do réir téarmaí na dámhachtana.
Tórainn leis an Tréimhse chun Imeachta Eadrána a Thionscnamh.
Feidhm reacht na dtréimhsí maidir le headráin faoi chomhaontuithe eadrána.
42.—Beidh feidhm maidir le headráin faoi chomhaontú eadrána ag reachta na dtréimhsí amhail mar atá feidhm acu maidir le caingin sa Chúirt.
Ceart caingin maidir le nithe is gá do réir comhaontuithe eadrána a chur chun eadrána d'fhaibhriú, chun críocha reacht na dtréimhsí, i gcás ina bhforáltar sa chomhaontú eadráin a bheith ina réamhchoinníoll chun caingean a thionscnamh.
43.—D'ainneoin aon téarma i gcomhaontú eadrána darb éifeacht nach bhfaibhreoidh aon chúis chaingin maidir le haon ní is gá do réir an chomhaontuithe a chur chun eadrána go dtí go ndéanfar dámhachtain faoin gcomhaontú, measfar chun críocha reacht na dtréimhsí (pé acu ina bhfeidhm maidir le headrána nó le himeachta eile é) cúis chaingin d'fhaibhriú maidir le haon ní den tsórt sin an tráth d'fhaibhreodh sí mura mbeadh an téarma sin sa chomhaontú.
Cumhacht na Cúirte chun tórainn na tréimhse a chur siar má chuireann sí dámhachtain ar ceal nó má ordaíonn sí go scoirfidh eadráin d'éifeacht a bheith aici.
44.—Má ordaíonn an Chúirt dámhachtain a chur ar ceal nó má ordaíonn sí, tar éis eadráin a thosnú, go scoirfidh an eadráin d'éifeacht a bheith aici maidir leis an díospóid a cuireadh chun eadrána, féadfaidh an Chúirt a ordú ina theannta sin go bhfágfar an tréimhse idir tosnú na headrána agus dáta an orduithe ón gCúirt gan áireamh nuair a beifear ag ríomh na tréimhse a hordaítear le reachta na dtréimhsí chun na himeachta (ar a n-áirítear eadráin) maidir leis an díospóid a cuireadh chun eadrána a thionscnamh.
Cumhacht na Cúirte chun cur leis an tréimhse le haghaidh imeachta eadrána a thionscnamh má foráltar sa chomhaontú go ndéanfar éilimh d'urchosc mura dtionscantar na himeachta laistigh de thréimhse shonraithe.
45.—Más rud é—
(a) go bhforálann téarmaí comhaontuithe chun díospóidí a tharlós feasta a chur chun eadrána go mbeidh aon éilimh lena mbaineann an comhaontú urchoiscthe mura dtugtar fógra chun eadránaí a cheapadh nó mura gceaptar eadránaí nó mura ndéantar beart éigin eile chun imeachta eadrána a thionscnamh laistigh de thréimhse a bheas socraithe leis an gcomhaontú, agus
(b) go dtarlóidh díospóid lena mbaineann an comhaontú,
féadfaidh an Chúirt, más dóigh léi go dtiocfadh, in imthosca an cháis, cruatan neamhchuí mura ndéanadh sí é, pé méid aimsire is cuí léi a chur, ar pé téarmaí, más aon téarmaí é, is gá do réir ceartas an cháis, ach gan dochar d'alt 42 den Acht seo, leis an tréimhse a socraíodh amhlaidh, agus sin d'ainneoin an tréimhse sin a bheith caite.
Leathnú ar alt 496 den Merchant Shipping Act, 1894.
46.—I bhfo-alt (3) d'alt 496 den Merchant Shipping Act, 1894 (ar gá dá réir suim a thaisc únaer earraí le sealbhóir calaidh d'aisíoc mura dtionscna an long-únaer imeachta dlí) forléireofar na tagairtí d'imeachta dlí mar thagairtí a fholaíos tagairtí d'eadráin.
Téarmaí Orduithe.
Téarmaí orduithe.
47.—(1) Féadfar aon ordú a dhéanfas cúirt faoin gCuid seo a dhéanamh ar pé téarmaí maidir le costais nó eile is dóigh leis an gCúirt sin a bheith cóir.
(2) Ní bhainfidh fo-alt (1) den alt seo le hordú a déanfar faoi fho-alt (2) d'alt 12 den Acht seo.
CUID III.
Eadráin faoi Achta Eile.
Feidhm Choda I agus II maidir le headrána faoi Achta eile.
48.—(1) San alt seo ciallaíonn an abairt “na forála eiscithe” na forála seo a leanas den Acht seo, fo-alt (1) d'alt 10, alt 11, fo-alt (2) d'alt 12, agus ailt 13, 30, 39, 40, 45 agus 46.
(2) Beidh feidhm ag Coda I agus II den Acht seo (ach amháin na forála eiscithe) maidir le gach eadráin faoi aon Acht eile amhail is dá mba eadráin de bhun comhaontuithe eadrána í agus amhail is dá mba chomhaontú eadrána an tAcht eile sin, ach amháin a mhéid a bheas Cuid II den Acht seo ar neamhréir leis an Acht eile sin nó le haon rialacha nó nós imeachta a bheas údaraithe nó aitheanta leis an Acht eile sin.
CUID IV.
Eadráin faoi Ordú na Cúirte.
Cumhacht na Cúirte agus na Cúirte Cuarda chun nithe a chur chun eadrána i gcásanna áirithe.
49.—(1) Má tharlann, in aon chúis nó ábhar (lena n-áirítear aon chúis nó ábhar a mbeidh údarás Stáit ina pháirtí ann, ach gan imeacht choiriúil ar agra an Ard-Aighne d'áireamh), gur cúrsaí cuntais an cheist nó cuid den cheist a bheas faoi dhíospóid, féadfaidh an Chúirt nó an Chúirt Chuarda tráth ar bith a ordú an chúis nó an t-ábhar uile nó aon cheist nó saincheist fíorais a éireos ann a thriail os comhair eadránaí ar a gcomhaontóidh na páirtithe nó os comhair oifigigh don Chúirt nó don Chúirt Chuarda (do réir mar bheas) ar pé téarmaí maidir le costais nó eile is dóigh leis an gCúirt nó leis an gCúirt Chuarda (do réir mar bheas) a bheith cóir.
(2) Forléireofar na tagairtí in ailt 50 agus 52 den Acht seo agus an chéad agus an dara tagairt in alt 51 den Acht seo don Chúirt mar thagairtí a fholaíos tagairtí don Chúirt Chuarda.
Cumhachta eadránaithe in eadrána faoi alt 49.
50.—(1) I ngach cás eadrána ag eadránaí faoi ordú ón gCúirt faoi alt 49 den Acht seo, measfar an t-eadránaí a bheith ina oifigeach don Chúirt agus, faoi réir rialacha cúirte, beidh aige pé údarás, agus déanfaidh sé an eadráin i pé slí, a ordós an Chúirt.
(2) Is ionann agus fíorasc giúiré dámhachtain eadránaí in aon eadráin faoi alt 49 den Acht seo mura gcuire an Chúirt ar ceal í.
(3) Cinnfidh an Chúirt an luach saothair a híocfar le haon eadránaí a gcuirfear aon ábhar chun eadrána aige faoi alt 49 den Acht seo.
Cumhachta a bheith ag an gCúirt amhail mar atá aici in eadrána faoi chomhaontuithe eadrána.
51.—Beidh ag an gCúirt, maidir le headrána faoi ordú a dhéanfas an Chúirt faoi alt 49 den Acht seo, na cumhachta uile a bheirtear don Chúirt le Cuid II den Acht seo maidir le headrána faoi chomhaontuithe eadrána.
Sonrú cáis le linn eadrána.
52.—Tráth ar bith le linn na n-imeacht faoin eadráin, féadfaidh eadránaí in aon eadráin faoi alt 49 den Acht seo, agus déanfaidh sé, má ordaíonn an Chúirt é, aon cheist dlí a éireos le linn na headrána a shonrú i bhfoirm cháis speisialta le tuairim na Cúirte d'fháil air.
Cumhachta na Cúirte Uachtaraí.
53.—Beidh ag an gCúirt Uachtarach na cumhachta uile a bheirtear don Chúirt leis an gCuid seo.
CUID V.
Dámhachtana Coigríche Airithe a Chur i bhFeidhm.
“Dámhachtain choigríche”.
54.—(1) (a) Más deimhin leis an Rialtas aon Stát a dhaingnigh Coinbhinsiún 1927 a bheith tar éis na forála cómalartacha sin a dhéanamh a bhéarfas feidhm do Choinbhinsiún 1927 in aon chríoch a bhfuil Coinbhinsiún 1927 infheidhme maidir léi, féadfaidh sé, trí ordú, a dhearbhú—
(i) an Stát sin a bheith ina pháirtí i gCoinbhinsiún 1927,
(ii) an chríoch sin a bheith ina críoch lena mbaineann Coinbhinsiún 1927.
(b) Féadfaidh an Rialtas le hordú aon ordú a rinneadh faoin bhfo-alt seo d'athrú nó a chúlghairm.
(2) Sa Chuid seo ciallaíonn “dámhachtain choigríche” aon dámhachtain a déanfar tar éis tosach feidhme na Coda seo—
(a) de bhun comhaontuithe i dtaobh eadrána lena mbaineann Prótacal 1923, agus
(b) idir daoine—
(i) a mbeidh duine acu faoi dhlínse Stát a dearbhaíodh le hordú faoi fho-alt (1) den alt seo a bheith ina pháirtí i gCoinbhinsiún 1927, agus
(ii) a mbeidh an duine eile faoi dhlínse Stáit eile den tsórt sin, agus
(c) i gcríoch a dearbhaíodh le hordú faoi fho-alt (1) den alt seo a bheith ina críoch lena mbaineann Coinbhinsiún 1927.
Eifeacht dámhachtana coigríche.
55.—(1) Faoi réir forál na Coda seo, beidh dámhachtain choigríche inchurtha i bhfeidhm sa Stát trí chaingean nó sa tslí ina bhfuil dámhachtain eadránaí inchurtha i bhfeidhm de bhuaidh ailt 41 den Acht seo.
(2) Measfar aon dámhachtain choigríche dob inchurtha i bhfeidhm faoin gCuid seo a bheith ina ceangal chun gach críche ar na daoine a ndearnadh eatarthu í, agus dá réir sin féadfaidh aon duine acu sin dul ina muinín mar chosaint, mar fhritháireamh nó eile in aon imeachta dlí sa Stát, agus forléireofar aon tagairtí sa Chuid seo do dhámhachtain choigríche a chur i bhfeidhm mar thagairtí a fholaíos tagairtí do dhul i muinín dámhachtana.
Coinníollacha a bhaineas le dámhachtana coigríche a chur i bhfeidhm.
56.—(1) Ionas go mbeidh dámhachtain choigríche inchurtha i bhfeidhm faoin gCuid seo—
(a) ní foláir í a bheith déanta de bhun comhaontuithe i dtaobh eadrána a bhí bailí faoin dlí a raibh sé faoina réir,
(b) ní foláir í a bheith déanta ag an mbinse dar foráladh sa chomhaontú nó a bhí comhdhéanta mar chomhaontaigh na páirtithe,
(c) ní foláir í a bheith déanta do réir an dlí a rialaíos an nós imeachta i gcás eadrána,
(d) ní foláir í a bheith ina dámhachtain chríochnaitheach sa tír ina ndearnadh í,
(e) ní foláir í a bheith ina dámhachtain maidir le ní is féidir go dleathach a chur chun eadrána faoi dhlí an Stáit,
agus ní foláir gan é a bheith in aghaidh beartais phoiblí ná dlí an Stáit í a chur i bhfeidhm.
(2) Faoi réir fo-ailt (3) den alt seo, ní bheidh dámhachtain choigríche inchurtha i bhfeidhm faoin gCuid seo, más deimhin leis an gCúirt—
(a) gur cuireadh an dámhachtain ar neamhní sa tír ina ndearnadh í, nó
(b) nár tugadh don pháirtí a bhfuiltear ag iarraidh an dámhachtain a chur i bhfeidhm ina choinne fógra i dtaobh na n-imeacht eadrána luath go leor chun go bhféadfadh sé a chás a phlé nó go raibh an páirtí sin faoi éagumas dlíthiúil éigin agus nach raibh ionadaíocht chuí ar a shon, nó
(c) nach ndéileálann an dámhachtain leis na ceisteanna uile a cuireadh chun eadrána nó go bhfuil breitheanna ann atá taobh amuigh de réim an chomhaontuithe i dtaobh eadrána.
(3) Mura ndéileálann dámhachtain choigríche leis na ceisteanna uile a cuireadh chun eadrána, féadfaidh an Chúirt, más oiriúnach léi é, cur na dámhachtana i bhfeidhm a chur siar nó a ordú í a chur i bhfeidhm ar choinníoll go dtabharfaidh an duine a bheas ag iarraidh í a chur i bhfeidhm pé urrús is oiriúnach leis an gCúirt.
(4) Má chruthaíonn an páirtí a bheas ag cur in aghaidh dámhachtain choigríche a chur i bhfeidhm go bhfuil foras ann, seachas gan na dála a bheith mar sonraítear i míreanna (a) (b) agus (c) d'fho-alt (1) den alt seo nó na dála a bheith mar sonraítear i míreanna (b) agus (c) d'fho-alt (2) den alt seo, a bheir teideal dó bailíocht na dámhachtana a chonspóid, féadfaidh an Chúirt, más oiriúnach léi é, diúltú an dámhachtain a chur i bhfeidhm, nó an éisteacht a chur ar atráth, go dtí tar éis deireadh pé tréimhse is leor do réir réasúin dar leis an gCúirt chun go bhféadfadh an páirtí sin na bearta ba ghá a dhéanamh le go gcuirfeadh an binse inniúil an dámhachtain ar neamhní.
Fianaise.
57.—(1) Ní foláir don pháirtí a bheas ag iarraidh dámhachtain choigríche a chur i bhfeidhm iad seo a leanas a thabhairt ar aird—
(a) an dámhachtain bhunaidh nó cóip di arna fíordheimhniú go cuí mar is gá do réir dlí na tíre ina ndearnadh í, agus
(b) fianaise á chruthú go bhfuil an dámhachtain ina dámhachtain chríochnaitheach, agus
(c) pé fianaise is gá chun a chruthú gur dámhachtain choigríche an dámhachtain agus gur comhlíonadh na coinníollacha a sonraítear i míreanna (a), (b) agus (c) d'fho-alt (1) d'alt 56 den Acht seo.
(2) I gcás aon doiciméad is gá a thabhairt ar aird faoi fho-alt (1) den alt seo a bheith i dteanga seachas ceann de na teangacha oifigiúla, is é dualgas an pháirtí a bheas ag iarraidh an dámhachtain a chur i bhfeidhm tiontó a thabhairt ar aird a bheas deimhnithe bheith ina thiontó ceart ag gníomhaire taidhleoireachta nó consalachta don tír lena mbaineann an páirtí sin nó a bheas deimhnithe a bheith ina thiontó ceart i pé slí eile is leor do réir dlí an Stáit.
(3) Faoi réir forál an ailt seo, féadfar rialacha cúirte a dhéanamh faoi alt 36 den Acht Cúirteanna Breithiúnais, 1924 (Uimh. 10 de 1924), arna leasú le halt 68 den Acht Cúirteanna Breithiúnais, 1936 (Uimh. 48 de 1936), maidir leis an bhfianaise a bheas le tabhairt ar aird ag páirtí a bheas ag iarraidh dámhachtain choigríche a chur i bhfeidhm faoin gCuid seo.
An bhrí atá le “dámhachtain chríochnaitheach”.
58.—Chun críocha na Coda seo, ní measfar dámhachtain a bheith ina dámhachtain chríochnaitheach má tá aon imeachta chun bailíocht na dámhachtana sin a chonspóid ar feitheamh sa tír inar ndearnadh í.
Cosaint do chearta eile, etc.
59.—Ní bheidh aon ní sa Chuid seo ina ní—
(a) a dhéanfas dochar d'aon chearta a bheadh ag aon duine chun aon dámhachtain a chur i bhfeidhm sa Stát nó a bheadh aige chun leas a bhaint sa Stát as dámhachtain dá mba nár hachtaíodh an Chuid seo, ná
(b) a bhainfeas le haon dámhachtain a déanfar de bun comhaontuithe eadrána a bheas faoi réir dlí an Stáit.
AN CHEAD SCEIDEAL.
An Prótacal um Chlásail Eadrána a hOsclaíodh sa Ghinéibh an 24ú lá de Mheán Fómhair, 1923.
1. Aithníonn gach ceann de na Stáit Chonarthacha bailíocht chomhaontuithe pé acu le heasaontais atá ann nó a bheas ann a bhaineas sé idir páirtithe a bheas faoi seach faoi dhlínse Stát Conarthacha éagsúla trína gcomhaontaíonn na páirtithe i gconradh gach easaontas nó aon easaontas a tharchur chun eadrána a tharlós i ndáil leis an gconradh sin agus a bhainfeas le cúrsaí tráchtála nó le haon ní eile is féidir a shocrú trí eadráin, pé acu i dtír nach bhfuil aon cheann de na páirtithe faoina dlínse nó nach ea atá an eadráin le déanamh.
Forcoimeádann gach ceann de na Stáit chonarthacha aige féin an ceart chun an oblagáid a luaitear thuas a thórannú ionas nach mbainfidh sí ach le conartha a meastar a bheith ina gconartha tráchtála faoina dhlí náisiúnta féin. Bhéarfaidh aon Stát Conarthach a bhainfeas leas as an gceart sin fógra d'Ard-Rúnaí Chumann na Náisiún, i dtreo go gcuirfear sin in iúl do na Stáit Chonarthacha eile.
2. Is do réir mar thoileos na páirtithe, agus do réir dlí na tíre arb ina críoch a déanfar an eadráin, a bheas an nós imeachta i gcás eadrána, lena n-áirítear comhdhéanamh an bhinse eadrána.
Comhaontaíonn na Stáit Chonarthacha gach beart nósa imeachta d'éascú is gá a dhéanamh ina gcríocha féin, do réir na bhforál dá ndlí féin a rialaíos an nós imeachta i gcás eadrána a bhaineas le heasaontais atá ann.
3. Geallann gach Stát Conarthach go gcinnteoidh sé go bhfeidhmeoidh a údaráis do réir forál a dhlithe náisiúnta féin dámhachtana eadrána a déanfar ina chríoch féin faoi na hairteagail roimhe seo.
4. Ar dhíospóid a theacht faoina mbráid i dtaobh conartha a rinneadh idir daoine lena mbaineann Airteagal 1 agus ina bhfuil comhaontú eadrána, pé acu le heasaontais atá nó a bheas ann a bhaineas sé, ar comhaontú bailí é de bhuaidh an airteagail sin agus ar féidir é a chur in éifeacht, déanfaidh binsí na bPáirtithe Conarthacha díospóid na bpáirtithe, ar cheachtar acu dá iarraidh sin, a chur faoi bhreith na n-eadránaithe.
Ní dhéanfaidh sin dochar d'inniúlacht na mbinsí breithiúnais i gcás nach féidir dul ar aghaidh leis an gcomhaontú nó leis an eadráin nó i gcás iad a dhul ó fheidhm.
5. Déanfar daingniú ar an bPrótacal seo, a bheas ar oscailt lena shíniú ag gach Stát. Taiscfear na daingniúcháin a luaithe is féidir le hArd-Rúnaí Chumann na Náisiún, agus cuirfidh seisean an taisceadh sin in iúl do na Stát-Shíniúirí go léir.
6. Tiocfaidh an Prótacal seo i bhfeidhm a luaithe a taiscfear dhá dhaingniúchán. Ina dhiaidh sin beidh éifeacht aige, i gcás gach Stáit Chonarthaigh, mí tar éis don Ard-Rúnaí taisceadh daingniúcháin an Stáit sin a chur in iúl.
7. Féadfaidh aon Stát Conarthach an Prótacal seo a shéanadh ar fhógra bliana a thabhairt. Is amhlaidh a déanfar an séanadh trí fhógra a seolfar chun Ard-Rúnaí Chumann na Náisiún, agus cuirfidh seisean láithreach cóipeanna den fhógra sin go dtí na Stát-Shíniúirí eile go léir agus inseoidh dóibh an dáta a fuarthas é. Beidh éifeacht ag an séanadh bliain tar éis an dáta a tugadh fógra ina thaobh don Ard-Rúnaí agus ní oibreoidh sé ach amháin maidir leis an Stát a thug an fógra.
8. Féadfaidh na Stáit Chonarthacha a dhearbhú nach dtugann glacadh an Phrótacail seo acu na críocha thíosluaite nó aon cheann áirithe acu faoina réim: is é sin le rá, a gcóilíneachtaí, a sealúchais nó a gcríocha thar lear, a gcoimircis nó na críocha atá faoi mhandáid acu.
Ina dhiaidh sin féadfaidh na Stáit sin glacadh ar leithligh leis an bPrótacal seo thar ceann aon chríche a heisceadh amhlaidh. Cuirfear an glacadh sin in iúl d'Ard-Rúnaí Chumann na Náisiún a luaithe is féidir. Cuirfidh seisean an glacadh sin in iúl do gach Stát-Shíniúir. Beidh éifeacht ag an nglacadh sin mí tar éis don Ard-Rúnaí é a chur in iúl do gach Stát-Shíniúir.
Féadfaidh na Stáit Chonarthacha freisin séanadh ar leithligh a dhéanamh ar an bPrótacal thar ceann aon chríche dá dtagartar thuas. Baineann Airteagal 7 le séanadh den tsórt sin.
Cuirfidh an tArd-Rúnaí cóip dheimhnithe den Phrótacal seo go dtí gach Stát Conarthach.
AN DARA SCEIDEAL.
An Coinbhinsiún um Dhámhachtanna Eadrána Coigríche a chur i bhfeidhm a rinneadh sa Ghinéibh an 26ú lá de Mheán Fómhair, 1927.
Airteagal 1.
I gcríocha aon Ard-Pháirtí Chonarthaigh lena mbaineann an Coinbhinsiún seo, déanfar dámhachtain eadrána a rinneadh de bhun comhaontuithe, pé acu le heasaontais atá ann nó a bheas ann a bhaineas sé (dá ngairmtear “comhaontú i leith eadrána” anseo feasta) atá faoi réim an Phrótacail um Chlásail Eadrána a hosclaíodh sa Ghinéibh an 24ú Meán Fómhair, 1923, d'aithint mar dhámhachtain cheangailteach agus í a chur i bhfeidhm do réir rialacha nós imeachta na críche ina dtéitear i muinín na dámhachtana, ar choinníoll gur i gcríoch cheann de na hArd-Pháirtithe Conarthacha lena mbaineann an Coinbhinsiún seo a rinneadh an dámhachtain sin agus gur idir daoine atá faoi dhlínse cheann de na hArd-Pháirtithe Conarthacha a rinneadh í.
Chun go n-aithneofaí nó go gcuirfí i bhfeidhm amhlaidh í, ní foláir ina theannta sin:
(a) An dámhachtain a bheith déanta de bhun comhaontuithe i leith eadrána atá bailí faoin dlí a bhaineas leis;
(b) Abhar na dámhachtana a bheith intsocruithe trí eadráin faoi dhlí na tíre ina bhfuiltear ag iarraidh dul i muinín na dámhachtana;
(c) An dámhachtain a bheith déanta ag an mBinse Eadrána dar foráladh sa chomhaontú i leith eadrána nó a bhí comhdhéanta mar chomhaontaigh na páirtithe agus do réir an dlí a rialaíos an nós imeachta i gcás eadrána;
(d) An dámhachtain a bheith ina dámhachtain chríochnaitheach sa tír ina ndearnadh í, sa chéill nach meastar í a bheith ina dámhachtain chríochnaitheach más féidir opposition, appel nó pourvoi en cassation a thabhairt ina coinne (sna tíortha ina bhfuil foirmeacha nós imeachta den tsórt sin) nó má cruthaítear go bhfuil aon imeacht ar feitheamh chun bailíocht na dámhachtana a chonspóid;
(e) Gan aithint na dámhachtana ná a cur i bhfeidhm a bheith contrártha do bheartas poiblí ná do phrionsabail dlí na tíre ina bhfuiltear ag iarraidh dul ina muinín.
Airteagal 2.
Fiú má comhlíontar na coinníollacha atá leagtha síos in Airteagal 1 de seo, diúltófar an dámhachtain d'aithint agus a chur i bhfeidhm más deimhin leis an gCúirt:
(a) Gur cuireadh an dámhachtain ar neamhní sa tír ina ndearnadh í;
(b) Nár tugadh don pháirtí a bhfuiltear ag iarraidh an dámhachtain d'úsáid ina choinne fógra i dtaobh na n-imeachta eadrána luath go leor chun go bhféadfadh sé a chás a phlé; nó, toisc é a bheith faoi éagumas dlíthiúil, nach raibh ionadaíocht chuí ar a shon;
(c) Nach ndéileálann an dámhachtain leis na heasaontais a raibh beartaithe an comhaontú i leith eadrána do bhaint leo nó leis na heasaontais a thagas faoi réim a théarmaí nó gur tugadh breitheanna inti ar ábhair lasmuigh de réim an chomhaontuithe i leith eadrána.
Murar bhain an dámhachtain leis na ceisteanna uile a tarchuireadh chun an bhinse eadrána; ansin, más cuí leis é, féadfaidh údarás inniúil na tíre ina bhfuiltear ag iarraidh an dámhachtain d'aithint nó a chur i bhfeidhm aithint na dámhachtana nó a cur i bhfeidhm a chur siar nó sin a dheonadh faoi réir pé ráthaíochta a chinnfeas an t-údarás sin.
Airteagal 3.
Má chruthaíonn an páirtí a ndearnadh an dámhachtain ina choinne go bhfuil ann, faoin dlí a rialaíos an nós imeachta i gcás eadrána, foras seachas na forais dá dtagartar in Airteagal 1 (a) agus (c) agus in Airteagal 2 (b) agus (c), a bheir teideal dó bailíocht na dámhachtana a chonspóid i gCúirt Dlí, féadfaidh an Chúirt, más oiriúnach léi é, aithint na dámhachtana nó a cur i bhfeidhm a dhiúltú, nó an breithniú air sin a chur ar atráth, agus tréimhse réasúnach a thabhairt don pháirtí sin chun go bhféadfadh an binse inniúil an dámhachtain a chur ar neamhní.
Airteagal 4.
Ní foláir don pháirtí a raghas i muinín dámhachtana nó a éileos í a chur i bhfeidhm na nithe seo a leanas, go sonrach, a chur ar fáil:
(1) An dámhachtain bhunaidh nó cóip di arna fíordheimhniú go cuí, mar is gá do réir dlí na tíre ina ndearnadh í;
(2) Fianaise dhoiciméad nó fianaise eile á chruthú go bhfuil an dámhachtain ina dámhachtain chríochnaitheach, mar mínítear in Airteagal 1 (d), sa tír ina ndearnadh í;
(3) Nuair is gá é, fianaise dhoiciméad nó fianaise eile á chruthú gur comhlíonadh na coinníollacha atá leagtha síos in Airteagal 1, mír 1 agus mír 2 (a) agus (c).
Féadfar tiontó d'iarraidh ar an dámhachtain agus ar na doiciméid eile a luaitear san Airteagal seo i dteanga oifigiúil na tíre ina bhfuiltear ag iarraidh dul i muinín na dámhachtana. Ní foláir an tiontó sin a bheith deimhnithe bheith ina thiontó ceart ag gníomhaire taidhleoireachta nó consalachta don tír lena mbaineann an páirtí atá ag iarraidh dul i muinín na dámhachtana nó ag tiontaitheoir mionnaithe don tír ina bhfuiltear ag iarraidh dul i muinín na dámhachtana.
Airteagal 5.
Ní bhainfidh forála na nAirteagal thuas d'aon pháirtí leasmhar an ceart chun leas a bhaint as dámhachtain eadrána sa tslí ina gceadaítear sin agus a mhéid a ceadaítear sin le dlí nó le conartha na tíre ina bhfuiltear ag iarraidh dul i muinín na dámhachtana sin.
Airteagal 6.
Ní bhaineann an Coinbhinsiún seo ach le dámhachtana eadrána a rinneadh tar éis teacht i bhfeidhm don Phrótacal um Chlásail Eadrána a hosclaíodh sa Ghinéibh an 24ú Meán Fómhair, 1923.
Airteagal 7.
Déanfar daingniú ar an gCoinbhinsiún seo, a bheas ar oscailt lena shíniú ag síniúirí uile Phrótacail 1923 um Chlásail Eadrána.
Ní féadfar é a dhaingniú ach amháin thar ceann na gComhaltaí sin de Chumann na Náisiún, agus na Stát sin nach Comhaltaí, ar daingníodh Prótacal 1923 thar a gceann.
Taiscfear na daingniúcháin a luaithe is féidir le hArd-Rúnaí Chumann na Náisiún agus cuirfidh seisean an taisceadh sin in iúl do na síniúirí go léir.
Airteagal 8.
Tiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm trí mhí tar éis a dhaingnithe thar cheann dhá Ard-Pháirtí Chonarthacha. Ina dhiaidh sin beidh éifeacht aige, i gcás Ard-Pháirtí Chonarthaigh, trí mhí tar éis an daingniúchán thar a cheann a thaisceadh le hArd-Rúnaí Chumann na Náisiún.
Airteagal 9.
Féadfar an Coinbhinsiún seo a shéanadh thar ceann aon Chomhalta de Chumann na Náisiún nó aon Stáit nach Comhalta. Cuirfear an séanadh in iúl i scríbhinn d'Ard-Rúnaí Chumann na Náisiún agus cuirfidh seisean láithreach cóip de a bheas deimhnithe bheith do réir mar cuireadh in iúl, chun na bPáirtithe Conarthacha eile go léir agus inseoidh dóibh san am céanna an dáta a fuair sé é.
Ní thiocfaidh an séanadh i bhfeidhm ach amháin maidir leis an Ard-Pháirtí Conarthach a chuir in iúl é ná go ceann bliana tar éis é a chur in iúl d'Ard-Rúnaí Chumann na Náisiún.
Leanfaidh, ipso facto, séanadh an Choinbhinsiúin seo as séanadh an Phrótacail um Chlásail Eadrána.
Airteagal 10.
Mura luaitear go speisialta iad ní bhaineann an Coinbhinsiún seo le Cóilíneachta, Coimircis, ná críocha faoi ardfhlathúnas nó faoi mhandáid aon Ard-Pháirtí Chonarthaigh.
Is féidir aon uair, trí dhearbhú a sheolfas ceann de na hArd-Pháirtithe Conarthacha go dtí Ard-Rúnaí Chumann na Náisiún, feidhm a thabhairt don Choinbhinsiún seo maidir le ceann nó cinn de na Cóilíneachtaí, de na Coimircis (nó de na críocha lena mbaineann an Prótacal um Chlásail Eadrána a hosclaíodh sa Ghinéibh an 24ú Meán Fómhair, 1923.
Beidh éifeacht ag an dearbhú sin trí mhí tar éis é a thaisceadh.
Féadfaidh na hArd-Pháirtithe Conarthacha aon uair an Coinbhinsiún a shéanadh i leith gach cinn nó aon chinn de na Cóilíneachtaí, na Coimircis nó na críocha dá dtagartar thuas. Baineann Airteagal 9 de seo leis an séanadh sin.
Airteagal 11.
Cuirfidh Ard-Rúnaí Chumann na Náisiún cóip dheimhnithe den Choinbhinsiún seo go dtí gach Comhalta de Chumann na Náisiún, agus go dtí gach Stát nach Comhalta, a shíneos é.
AN TRIU SCEIDEAL.
Achtacháin a hAthghairmtear.
Siosón agus Caibidil | Teideal nó Gearrtheideal. | Méid na hAthghairme. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
10 Will. 3, c. 14. (Ir.). | An Act for determining differences by arbitration. | An tAcht iomlán. |
3 & 4 Vic. c. 105. | The Debtors (Ireland) Act, 1840. | Ailt 63 agus 64. |
19 & 20 Vic. c. 102. | The Common Law Procedure Amendment Act (Ireland), 1856. | Ailt 6 go 20. |
40 & 41 Vic c. 57. | The Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland), 1877. | In alt 60, na focail “the provisions contained in the sections of ‘ the Common Law Procedure Act (Ireland), 1856,’ in reference to arbitration shall apply to the High Court of Justice and the several divisions thereof, and the Judges of the same respectively, in the same manner as formerly to the Superior Courts of Common Law and the Judges of the same respectively.” |
Number 26 of 1954.
ARBITRATION ACT, 1954.
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Preliminary and General.
Section | |
Arbitration Under Arbitration Agreements.
Arbitration Under Other Acts.
Application of Part I and II to arbitrations under other Acts. |
References under Order of the Court.
Court to have power as in references under arbitration agreement. | |
Enforcement of certain foreign awards.
Acts Referred to | |
No. 26 of 1946 | |
No. 10 of 1924 | |
No. 48 of 1936 | |
Number 26 of 1954.
ARBITRATION ACT, 1954.
PART I.
Preliminary and General.
Short title and commencement.
1.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Arbitration Act, 1954.
(2) This Act (except subsection (2) of section 12 and Part V) shall come into operation on the 1st day of January, 1955.
(3) Subsection (2) of section 12 and Part V of this Act shall come into operation on such day as may be fixed for that purpose by order of the Government.
Interpretation generally.
2.—(1) In this Act—
“arbitration agreement” means a written agreement to refer present or future differences to arbitration, whether an arbitrator is named therein or not;
“the Convention of 1927” means the Convention on the Exception of Foreign Arbitral Awards done at Geneva on the 26th day of September, 1927, set out in the Second Schedule to this Act;
“the Court” means the High Court;
“the operative date” means the 1st day of January, 1955;
“the Protocol of 1923” means the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses opened at Geneva on the 24th day of September, 1923, set out in the First Schedule to this Act;
“State authority” means any authority being—
(a) a Minister of State,
(b) the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland,
(c) the Irish Land Commission, or
(d) the Revenue Commissioners;
“the statutes of limitation” includes any enactment limiting the time within which any particular proceedings may be commenced.
(2) References in this Act to an award include references to an interim award.
Commencement of arbitration.
3.—(1) For the purposes of this Act and for the purpose of the statutes of limitation as applying to arbitrations and of section 496 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, as amended by section 46 of this Act, an arbitration shall be deemed to be commenced when one party to the arbitration agreement serves on the other party or parties a written notice requiring him or them to appoint or concur in appointing an arbitrator or, where the arbitration agreement provides that the reference shall be to a person named or designated in the agreement, requiring him or them to submit the dispute to the person so named or designated.
(2) (a) A notice under subsection (1) of this section may be served—
(i) by delivering it to the person to whom it is to be served,
(ii) by leaving it at the place in the State at which that person ordinarily resides or carries on business,
(iii) by sending it by registered post in an envelope addressed to that person at the place in the State at which he ordinarily resides or carries on business,
(iv) in any other manner provided in the arbitration agreement.
(b) For the purposes of this subsection, a company registered under the Companies Acts, 1908 to 1924, shall be deemed to carry on business at its registered office in the State and every other body corporate and every unincorporated body shall be deemed to carry on business at its principal office or place of business in the State.
State authorities to be bound.
4.—This Part, Part II (except subsection (2) of section 12) and Part III of this Act shall apply to an arbitration under an arbitration agreement to which a State authority is a party.
Exclusion of certain arbitrations.
5.—Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, this Act does not apply to—
(a) an arbitration under an agreement providing for the reference to, or the settlement by, arbitration of any question relating to the terms or conditions of employment or the remuneration of any employees, including persons employed by or under the State or local authorities, or
(b) an arbitration under section 70 of the Industrial Relations Act, 1946 (No. 26 of 1946).
Operation of Parts II and III.
6.—(1) Part II of this Act shall not affect any arbitration under an arbitration agreement which has commenced before the operative date, but shall apply to any arbitration commenced on or after the operative date under an arbitration agreement made before the operative date.
(2) Part III of this Act shall not affect any arbitration under any other Act which has commenced before the operative date, but shall apply to any arbitration commenced on or after the operative date under any other Act passed before, on, or after the operative date.
Penalty for giving false evidence.
7.—Any person who, upon any examination upon oath or affirmation before an arbitrator or umpire or in any affidavit in proceedings before an arbitrator or umpire, wilfully and corruptly gives false evidence or wilfully and corruptly swears or affirms anything which is false, being convicted thereof, shall be liable to the penalties for wilful and corrupt perjury.
Repeals.
8.—(1) The enactments mentioned in column (2) of the Third Schedule to this Act are (except in relation to arbitrations under arbitration agreements commenced before the operative date) hereby repealed to the extent mentioned in column (3) of that Schedule.
(2) Any enactment or instrument referring to any enactment repealed by this Act shall be construed as referring to this Act.
PART II.
Arbitration Under Arbitration Agreements.
Authority of arbitrators and umpires to be irrevocable.
9.—The authority of the arbitrator or umpire appointed by or by virtue of an arbitration agreement shall, unless a contrary intention is expressed in the agreement, be irrevocable except by leave of the Court.
Death of party.
10.—(1) An arbitration agreement shall not be discharged by the death of any party thereto, either as respects the deceased or any other party, but shall in such an event be enforceable by or against the personal representatives of the deceased.
(2) The authority of an arbitrator shall not be revoked by the death of any party by whom he was appointed.
(3) Nothing in this section shall be taken to affect the operation of any enactment or rule of law by virtue of which any right of action is extinguished by the death of a person.
Provisions in case of bankruptcy.
11.—(1) In this section the word “assignee” means the Official Assignee in Bankruptcy and includes the assignee (if any) chosen by the creditors to act with the Official Assignee in Bankruptcy.
(2) Where an arbitration agreement forms part of a contract to which a bankrupt is a party, the agreement shall, if the assignee or trustee in bankruptcy does not disclaim the contract, be enforceable by or against him so far as it relates to any difference arising out of, or in connection with, such contract.
(3) Where—
(a) a person who has been adjudged bankrupt had, before the commencement of the bankruptcy, become a party to an arbitration agreement, and
(b) any matter to which the agreement applies requires to be determined in connection with or for the purposes of the bankruptcy proceedings, and
(c) the case is one to which subsection (2) of this section does not apply,
then, any other party to the agreement or the assignee or, with the consent of the committee of inspection, the trustee in bankruptcy may apply to the court having jurisdiction in the bankruptcy proceedings for an order directing that the matter in question shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with the agreement and that court may, if it is of opinion that having regard to all the circumstances of the case, the matter ought to be determined by arbitration, make an order accordingly.
Power to stay proceedings where there is an arbitration agreement.
12.—(1) If any party to an arbitration agreement or any person claiming through or under him commences any proceedings in any court against any other party to the agreement or any person claiming through or under him in respect of any matter agreed to be referred, any party to such proceedings may, at any time after appearance and before delivering any pleadings or taking any other steps in the proceedings, apply to that court to stay the proceedings, and that court, if it is satisfied that there is not sufficient reason why the matter should not be referred in accordance with the agreement and that the applicant was, at the time when the proceedings were commenced, and still remains, ready and willing to do all things necessary to the proper conduct of the arbitration, may make an order staying the proceedings.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in this Part, if any party to a submission to arbitration made in pursuance of an agreement to which the Protocol of 1923 applies or any person claiming through or under him commences any legal proceedings in any court against any other party to the submission or any person claiming through or under him, in respect of any matter agreed to be referred, any party to those legal proceedings may at any time after appearance, and before delivering any pleadings or taking any other steps in the proceedings, apply to that court to stay the proceedings, and that court, unless satisfied that the agreement or arbitration has become inoperative or cannot proceed or that there is not in fact any dispute between the parties with regard to the matter agreed to be referred, shall make an order staying the proceedings.
Reference of interpleader issues to arbitration.
13.—Where relief by way of interpleader is granted and it appears to the Court that the claims in question are matters to which an arbitration agreement, to which the claimants are parties, applies, the Court may direct the issue between the claimants to be determined in accordance with the agreement.
Arbitrators and Umpires.
When reference is to be to a single arbitrator.
14.—Unless a contrary intention is expressed therein, every arbitration agreement shall, if no other mode of reference is provided, be deemed to include a provision that the reference shall be to a single arbitrator.
Power of parties in certain cases to supply vacancy.
15.—(1) Where—
(a) an arbitration agreement provides that the reference shall be to two arbitrators, one to be appointed by each party, and
(b) either of the appointed arbitrators refuses to act, or is incapable of acting, or dies,
then, unless the agreement expresses a contrary intention, the party, who appointed the arbitrator so refusing to act, becoming incapable of acting or dying, may appoint a new arbitrator in his place.
(2) (a) Where—
(i) an arbitration agreement provides that the reference shall be to two arbitrators, one to be appointed by each party, and
(ii) on such a reference one party fails to appoint an arbitrator, either originally or by way of substitution under subsection (1) of this section, for seven clear days after the other party, having appointed his arbitrator, has served the party making default with notice to make the appointment,
then unless a contrary intention is expressed in the agreement, the party who has appointed an arbitrator may appoint that arbitrator to act as sole arbitrator in the reference, and his award shall be binding on both parties as if he had been appointed by consent.
(b) The Court may set aside any appointment made under paragraph (a) of this subsection.
Umpires.
16.—(1) Unless a contrary intention is expressed therein, every arbitration agreement shall, where the reference is to two arbitrators, be deemed to include a provision that the two arbitrators shall appoint an umpire immediately after they are themselves appointed.
(2) Unless a contrary intention is expressed therein, every arbitration agreement shall, where such a provision is applicable to the reference, be deemed to include a provision that if the arbitrators have delivered to any party to the arbitration agreement, or to the umpire, a notice in writing stating that they cannot agree, the umpire may forthwith enter upon the reference in lieu of the arbitrators, but nothing in this subsection shall be construed as preventing the umpire from sitting with the arbitrators and hearing the evidence.
(3) At any time after the appointment of an umpire, however appointed, the Court may, on the application of any party to the reference and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the arbitration agreement, order that the umpire shall enter upon the reference in lieu of the arbitrators and as if he were a sole arbitrator.
Agreements for reference to three arbitrators.
17.—(1) Where an arbitration agreement provides that the reference shall be to three arbitrators, one to be appointed by each party and the third to be appointed by the two appointed by the parties, the agreement shall have effect as if it provided for the appointment of an umpire, and not for the appointment of a third arbitrator, by the two arbitrators appointed by the parties.
(2) Where an arbitration agreement provides that the reference shall be to three arbitrators to be appointed otherwise than as is mentioned in subsection (1) of this section, the award of any two of the arbitrators shall be binding.
Power of Court in certain cases to appoint an arbitrator or umpire.
18.—In any of the following cases—
(a) where—
(i) an arbitration agreement provides that the reference shall be to a single arbitrator, and
(ii) all the parties do not, after differences have arisen, concur in the appointment of an arbitrator;
(b) if—
(i) an appointed arbitrator refuses to act, or is incapable of acting or dies, and
(ii) the arbitration agreement does not show that it was intended that the vacancy should not be supplied, and
(iii) the parties do not supply the vacancy;
(c) where the parties or two arbitrators are at liberty to appoint an umpire or third arbitrator and do not appoint him;
(d) where two arbitrators are required to appoint an umpire and do not appoint him;
(e) where—
(i) an appointed umpire or third arbitrator refuses to act, or is incapable of acting, or dies, and
(ii) the arbitration agreement does not show that it was intended that the vacancy should not be supplied, and
(iii) the parties or arbitrators do not supply the vacancy,
the following provisions shall have effect—
(1) any party may serve the other parties or the arbitrators, as the case may be, with a written notice to appoint or, as the case may be, concur in appointing an arbitrator, umpire or third arbitrator,
(2) if the appointment is not made within seven clear days after the service of the notice, the Court may, on the application of the party who gave the notice, appoint an arbitrator, umpire or third arbitrator, who shall have the like powers to act in the reference and make an award as if he had been appointed by consent of all parties.
Witnesses, Security for Costs, Discovery of Documents, etc.
Powers of arbitrators and umpires as to witnesses.
19.—(1) Unless a contrary intention is expressed therein every arbitration agreement shall, where such a provision is applicable to the reference, be deemed to contain a provision that the parties to the reference, and all persons claiming through them respectively, shall, subject to any legal objection, submit to be examined by the arbitrator or umpire, on oath or affirmation, in relation to the matters in dispute and shall, subject to any legal objection, produce before the arbitrator or umpire all documents (other than documents the production of which could not be compelled on the trial of an action) within their possession or power respectively which may be required or called for, and do all such other things which during the proceedings on the reference the arbitrator or umpire may require.
(2) Unless a contrary intention is expressed therein, every arbitration agreement shall, where such a provision is applicable to the reference, be deemed to contain a provision that the witnesses on the reference shall, if the arbitrator or umpire thinks fit, be examined on oath or affirmation.
(3) An arbitrator or umpire shall, unless a contrary intention is expressed in an arbitration agreement, have power to administer oaths to, or take the affirmations of, the parties to and witnesses on a reference under the agreement.
Powers of parties to a reference to compel attendance of witnesses.
20.—Any party to a reference under an arbitration agreement may sue out an order in the nature of a writ of subpoena ad testificandum or of a writ of subpoena duces tecum, but no person shall be compelled under any such order to produce any document which he could not be compelled to produce on the trial of an action.
Power of Court to compel attendance of prisoner as a witness.
21.—The Court may order that an order in the nature of a writ of habeas corpus ad testificandum shall issue to bring up a prisoner for examination before an arbitrator or umpire.
Orders by Court in relation to security for costs discovery of documents etc.
22.—(1) The Court shall have, for the purpose of and in relation to a reference, the same power of making orders in respect of—
(a) security for costs;
(b) discovery and inspection of documents and interrogatories;
(c) the giving of evidence by affidavit;
(d) examination on oath of any witness before an officer of the Court or any other person, and the issue of a commission or request for the examination of a witness out of the jurisdiction;
(e) the preservation, interim custody or sale of any goods which are the subject matter of the reference;
(f) securing the amount in dispute in the reference;
(g) the detention, preservation or inspection of any property or thing which is the subject of the reference or as to which any question may arise therein, and authorising for any of the purposes aforesaid any persons to enter upon or into any land or building in the possession of any party to the reference, or authorising any samples to be taken or any observation to be made or experiment to be tried which may be necessary or expedient for the purpose of obtaining full information or evidence; and
(h) interim injunctions or the appointment of a receiver,
as it has for the purpose of and in relation to an action or matter in the Court.
(2) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section shall be taken to prejudice any power which may be vested in an arbitrator or umpire of making orders with respect to any of the matters mentioned in the said subsection.
Provisions as to Awards.
Time for making an award.
23.—(1) Subject to subsection (2) of section 36 of this Act and anything to the contrary in the arbitration agreement, an arbitrator or umpire shall have power to make an award at any time.
(2) The time, if any, limited for making an award, whether under this Act or otherwise, may from time to time be enlarged by order of the Court or by agreement in writing of the parties, whether that time has expired or not.
Removal of arbitrator or umpire on failure to use due dispatch.
24.—(1) The Court may, on the application of any party to a reference, remove an arbitrator or umpire who fails to use all reasonable dispatch in entering on and proceeding with the reference and making an award.
(2) An arbitrator or umpire who is removed by the Court under subsection (1) of this section shall not be entitled to receive any remuneration in respect of his services.
(3) For the purposes of this section the expression “proceeding with a reference” includes, in a case where two arbitrators are unable to agree, giving notice of that fact to the parties and to the umpire.
Interim awards.
25.—Unless a contrary intention is expressed therein, every arbitration agreement shall, where such a provision is applicable to the reference, be deemed to contain a provision that the arbitrator or umpire may, if he thinks fit, make an interim award.
Specific performance.
26.—Unless a contrary intention is expressed therein, every arbitration agreement shall, where such a provision is applicable to the reference, be deemed to contain a provision that the arbitrator or umpire shall have the same power as the Court to order specific performance of any contract other than a contract relating to land or any interest in land.
Awards to be final.
27.—Unless a contrary intention is expressed therein, every arbitration agreement shall, where such a provision is applicable to the reference, be deemed to contain a provision that the award to be made by the arbitrator or umpire shall be final and binding on the parties and the persons claiming under them respectively.
Power to correct slips.
28.—Unless a contrary intention is expressed in the arbitration agreement, the arbitrator or umpire shall have power to correct in an award any clerical mistake or error arising from any accidental slip or omission.
Costs, Fees and Interest.
Costs of reference and award to be in the discretion of the arbitrator or umpire.
29.—(1) Unless a contrary intention is expressed therein, every arbitration agreement shall be deemed to include a provision that the costs of the reference and award shall be in the discretion of the arbitrator or umpire who may direct to and by whom and in what manner those costs or any part thereof shall be paid, and may, with the consent of the parties, tax or settle the amount of costs to be so paid or any part thereof, and may award costs to be paid as between solicitor and client.
(2) Where an award directs any costs to be paid, then, unless the arbitrator or umpire, with the consent of the parties, taxes or settles the amount thereof—
(a) the costs shall be taxed and ascertained by a Taxing Master,
(b) the procedure to obtain taxation and the rules, regulations and scales of costs of the Court relative to taxation and to the review thereof shall apply to the costs to be so taxed and ascertained as if the award were a judgment or order of the Court.
Avoidance of certain provisions as to costs in arbitration agreements.
30.—(1) Any provision in an arbitration agreement to the effect that the parties or any party thereto shall in any event pay their or his own costs of the reference or award or any part thereof shall be void, and this Part shall, in the case of an arbitration agreement containing any such provision, have effect as if that provision were not contained therein.
(2) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section shall invalidate any such provision as is mentioned in that subsection when it is part of an agreement to submit to arbitration a dispute which has arisen before the making of that agreement.
Application to arbitrator or umpire to give directions as to costs where award contains no provision.
31.—If no provision is made by an award with respect to the costs of the reference, any party to the reference may, within fourteen days of the publication of the award or such further time as the Court may direct, apply to the arbitrator or umpire for an order directing by and to whom those costs shall be paid, and thereupon the arbitrator or umpire shall, after hearing any party who may desire to be heard, amend his award by adding thereto such directions as he may think proper with respect to the payment of the costs of the reference.
Application of section 3 of Legal Practitioners (Ireland) Act, 1876, to solicitors' costs in arbitrations.
32.—Section 3 of the Legal Practitioners (Ireland) Act, 1876, (which empowers a court before which any proceeding has been heard or is pending to charge property recovered or preserved in the proceeding with the payment of solicitors' costs) shall apply as if an arbitration were a proceeding in the Court, and the Court may make declarations and orders accordingly.
Taxation of arbitrator's or umpire's fee.
33.—(1) If in any case an arbitrator or umpire refuses to deliver his award except on payment of the fees demanded by him, the Court may, on an application for the purpose, order that the arbitrator or umpire shall deliver the award to the applicant on payment into Court by the applicant of the fees demanded, and further that the fees demanded shall be taxed by a Taxing Master and that out of the money paid into Court there shall be paid out to the arbitrator or umpire by way of fees such sum as may be found reasonable on taxation and that the balance of the money, if any, shall be paid out to the applicant.
(2) An application for the purpose of this section may be made by any party to the reference unless the fees demanded have been fixed by a written agreement between him and the arbitrator or umpire.
(3) A taxation of fees under this section may be reviewed in the same manner as a taxation of costs.
(4) The arbitrator or umpire shall be entitled to appear and be heard on any taxation or review of taxation under this section.
Interest on awards.
34.—A sum directed to be paid by an award shall, unless the award otherwise directs, carry interest as from the date of the award and at the same rate as a judgment debt.
Special Cases, Remission and Setting aside of Awards, Removal of Arbitrator or Umpire, and Relief where Arbitrator not impartial or Questions of Fraud involved.
Statement of case by arbitrator or umpire.
35.—(1) An arbitrator or umpire may, and shall if so directed by the Court, state—
(a) any question of law arising in the course of the reference, or
(b) any award or any part of an award,
in the form of a special case for the decision of the Court.
(2) A special case with respect to an interim award or with respect to a question of law arising in the course of a reference may be stated, or may be ordered by the Court to be stated, notwithstanding that proceedings under the reference are still pending.
Power of Court to remit award.
36.—(1) In all cases of reference to arbitration, the Court may from time to time remit the matters referred or any of them to the reconsideration of the arbitrator or umpire.
(2) Where an award is remitted, the arbitrator or umpire shall, unless the order otherwise directs, make his award within three months after the date of the order.
Power of Court to remove arbitrator or umpire on ground of misconduct.
37.—Where an arbitrator or umpire has misconducted himself or the proceedings, the Court may remove him.
Power of Court to set aside award on ground of misconduct.
38.—(1) Where—
(a) an arbitrator or umpire has misconducted himself or the proceedings, or
(b) an arbitration or award has been improperly procured, the Court may set the award aside.
(2) Where an application is made to set aside an award, the Court may order that any money made payable by the award shall be brought into Court or otherwise secured pending the determination of the application.
Power of Court to give relief where arbitrator is not impartial or dispute referred involves question of fraud.
39.—(1) Where—
(a) an agreement between any parties provides that disputes which may arise in the future between them shall be referred to an arbitrator named or designated in the agreement, and
(b) after a dispute has arisen any party, on the ground that the arbitrator so named or designated is not or may not be impartial, applies to the Court for leave to revoke the authority of the arbitrator or for an injunction to restrain any other party or the arbitrator from proceeding with the arbitration,
it shall not be a ground for refusing the application that the said party at the time when he made the agreement knew, or ought to have known, that the arbitrator, by reason of his relation towards any other party to the agreement or of his connection with the subject referred, might not be impartial.
(2) Where—
(a) an agreement between any parties provides that disputes which may arise in the future between them shall be referred to arbitration, and
(b) a dispute which so arises involves the question whether any party has been guilty of fraud,
the Court shall, so far as may be necessary to enable the question to be determined by the Court, have power to order that the agreement shall cease to have effect and power to give leave to revoke the authority of any arbitrator or umpire appointed by or by virtue of the agreement.
(3) In any case where by virtue of this section the Court has power to order that any arbitration agreement shall cease to have effect or to give leave to revoke the authority of any arbitrator or umpire, the Court may refuse to stay any action brought in breach of the agreement.
Power of Court where arbitrator is removed or authority of arbitrator is revoked.
40.—(1) Where an arbitrator (not being a sole arbitrator) or two or more arbitrators (not being all the arbitrators) or an umpire who has not entered on the reference is or are removed by the Court, the Court may, on the application of any party to the arbitration agreement, appoint a person or persons to act as arbitrator or arbitrators or umpire in place of the person or persons so removed.
(2) Where—
(a) the authority of the arbitrator or arbitrators or umpire is revoked by leave of the Court, or
(b) a sole arbitrator or all the arbitrators or an umpire who has entered on the reference is or are removed by the Court,
the Court may, on the application of any party to the arbitration agreement, either—
(i) appoint a person to act as sole arbitrator in place of the person or persons removed, or
(ii) order that the arbitration agreement shall cease to have effect with respect to the dispute referred.
(3) A person appointed under this section by the Court as an arbitrator or umpire shall have the like power to act in the reference and to make an award as if he had been appointed in accordance with the terms of the arbitration agreement.
(4) Where it is provided (whether by means of a provision in an arbitration agreement or otherwise) that an award under an arbitration agreement shall be a condition precedent to the bringing of an action with respect to any matter to which the agreement applies, the Court, if it orders (whether under this section or any other enactment) that the agreement shall cease to have effect as regards any particular dispute, may further order that the provision making an award a condition precedent to the bringing of an action shall also cease to have effect as regards that dispute.
Enforcement of Award.
Enforcement of award.
41.—An award on an arbitration agreement may, by leave of the Court, be enforced in the same manner as a judgment or order to the same effect and, where leave is so given, judgment may be entered in terms of the award.
Limitation of Time for Commencing Arbitration Proceedings.
Application of statutes of limitation to arbitration under arbitration agreements.
42.—The statutes of limitation shall apply to an arbitration under an arbitration agreement as they apply to actions in the Court.
Accrual for purposes of statutes of limitation of right of action in respect of matters required by arbitration agreement to be referred to arbitration, where agreement provides that arbitration shall be a condition precedent to commencement of action.
43.—Notwithstanding any term in an arbitration agreement to the effect that no cause of action shall accrue in respect of any matter required by the agreement to be referred until an award is made under the agreement, a cause of action shall, for the purposes of the statutes of limitation (whether in their application to arbitrations or to other proceedings), be deemed to have accrued in respect of any such matter at the time when it would have accrued but for that term in the agreement.
Power of Court to extend period of limitation where it sets aside award or orders arbitration to cease to have effect.
44.—Where the Court orders that an award be set aside or orders, after the commencement of an arbitration, that the arbitration should cease to have effect with respect to the dispute referred, the Court may further order that the period between the commencement of the arbitration and the date of the order of the Court shall be excluded in computing the time prescribed by the statutes of limitation for the commencement of the proceedings (including arbitration) with respect to the dispute referred.
Power of Court to extend time for commencing arbitration proceedings, where agreement provides that claims are to be barred unless proceedings are commenced within a specified time.
45.—Where—
(a) the terms of an agreement to refer future disputes to arbitration provide that any claims to which the agreement applies shall be barred unless notice to appoint an arbitrator is given or an arbitrator is appointed or some other step to commence arbitration proceedings is taken within a time fixed by the agreement, and
(b) a dispute arises to which the agreement applies,
the Court, if it is of opinion that in the circumstances of the case undue hardship would otherwise be caused, and notwithstanding that the time so fixed has expired, may on such terms, if any, as the justice of the case may require, but without prejudice to section 42 of this Act, extend the time for such period as it thinks proper.
Extension of section 496 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894.
46.—In subsection (3) of section 496 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894 (which requires a sum deposited with a wharfinger by an owner of goods to be repaid unless legal proceedings are instituted by the shipowner) the references to legal proceedings shall be construed as including references to arbitration.
Terms of Orders.
Terms of orders.
47.—(1) Any order made under this Part by a court may be made on such terms as to costs or otherwise as that court thinks just.
(2) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to an order made under subsection (2) of section 12 of this Act.
PART III.
Arbitration Under Other Acts.
Application of Parts I and II to arbitrations under other Acts.
48.—(1) In this section, the expression “the excluded provisions” means the following provisions of this Act, subsection (1) of section 10, section 11, subsection (2) of section 12, and sections 13, 30, 39, 40, 45 and 46.
(2) Parts I and II of this Act (except the excluded provisions) shall apply to every arbitration under any other Act as if the arbitration were pursuant to an arbitration agreement and as if that other Act were an arbitration agreement, except in so far as Part II of this Act is inconsistent with that other Act or with any rules or procedure authorised or recognised thereby.
PART IV.
References under Order of the Court.
Power of Court and Circuit Court to refer in certain cases.
49.—(1) If, in any cause or matter (including any cause or matter to which a State authority is a party, but excluding a criminal proceeding at the suit of the Attorney General), the question in dispute consists wholly or in part of matters of account, the Court or the Circuit Court may at any time order the whole cause or matter or any question or issue of fact arising therein to be tried before an arbitrator agreed on by the parties or before an officer of the Court or the Circuit Court (as the case may be), upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as the Court or Circuit Court (as the case may be) thinks just.
(2) The references in sections 50 and 52 of this Act and the first and second references in section 51 of this Act to the Court shall be construed as including references to the Circuit Court.
Powers of arbitrators in references under section 49.
50.—(1) In all cases of references to an arbitrator under an order of the Court under section 49 of this Act, the arbitrator shall be deemed to be an officer of the Court, and, subject to rules of court, shall have such authority and conduct the reference in such manner as the Court may direct.
(2) The award of an arbitrator on any reference under section 49 of this Act shall, unless set aside by the Court, be equivalent to the verdict of a jury.
(3) The remuneration to be paid to an arbitrator to whom any matter is referred under section 49 of this Act shall be determined by the Court.
Court to have powers as in references under arbitration agreements.
51.—The Court shall, in relation to references under an order of the Court made under section 49 of this Act, have all the powers which are by Part II of this Act conferred on the Court in relation to references under arbitration agreements.
Statement of case pending arbitration.
52.—An arbitrator on any reference under section 49 of this Act may at any stage of the proceedings under the reference, and shall, if so directed by the Court, state in the form of a special case for the opinion of the Court any question of law arising in the course of the reference.
Powers of Supreme Court.
53.—The Supreme Court shall have all such powers as are conferred by this Part on the Court.
PART V.
Enforcement of certain foreign awards.
“Foreign award”.
54.—(1) (a) The Government, if satisfied that any State which has ratified the Convention of 1927 has made such reciprocal provisions as will enable the Convention of 1927 to be operative in any territory to which the Convention of 1927 is applicable, may by order declare—
(i) that State to be a party to the Convention of 1927,
(ii) that territory to be a territory to which the Convention of 1927 applies.
(b) The Government may by order vary or revoke any order made under this subsection.
(2) In this Part, “foreign award” means any award made after the commencement of this Part—
(a) in pursuance of an agreement for arbitration to which the Protocol of 1923 applies, and
(b) between persons—
(i) of whom one is subject to the jurisdiction of a State which is declared by an order under subsection (1) of this section to be a party to the Convention of 1927, and
(ii) of whom the other is subject to the jurisdiction of another such State, and
(c) in a territory which is declared by an order under subsection (1) of this section to be a territory to which the Convention of 1927 applies.
Effect of foreign awards.
55.—(1) A foreign award shall, subject to the provisions of this Part, be enforceable in the State either by action or in the same manner as an award of an arbitrator is enforceable by virtue of section 41 of this Act.
(2) Any foreign award which would be enforceable under this Part shall be treated as binding for all purposes on the persons as between whom it was made, and may accordingly be relied on by any of those persons by way of defence, set-off or otherwise in any legal proceedings in the State, and any references in this Part to enforcing a foreign award shall be construed as including references to relying on an award.
Conditions for enforcement of foreign awards.
56.—(1) In order that a foreign award may be enforceable under this Part it must have—
(a) been made in pursuance of an agreement for arbitration which was valid under the law by which it was governed,
(b) been made by the tribunal provided for in the agreement or constituted in manner agreed upon by the parties,
(c) been made in conformity with the law governing the arbitration procedure,
(d) become final in the country in which it was made,
(e) been in respect of a matter which may lawfully be referred to arbitration under the law of the State,
and the enforcement thereof must not be contrary to the public policy or the law of the State.
(2) Subject to subsection (3) of this section, a foreign award shall not be enforceable under this Part if the Court is satisfied that—
(a) the award has been annulled in the country in which it was made, or
(b) the party against whom it is sought to enforce the award was not given notice of the arbitration proceedings in sufficient time to enable him to present his case, or was under some legal incapacity and was not properly represented, or
(c) the award does not deal with all the questions referred or contains decisions beyond the scope of the agreement for arbitration.
(3) Where a foreign award does not deal with all the questions referred, the Court may, if it thinks fit, either postpone the enforcement of the award or order its enforcement subject to the giving of such security by the person seeking to enforce it as the Court may think fit.
(4) If the party seeking to resist the enforcement of a foreign award proves that there is any ground, other than the non-existence of the conditions specified in paragraphs (a) (b) and (c) of subsection (1) of this section or the existence of the conditions specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of subsection (2) of this section, entitling him to contest the validity of the award, the Court may, if it thinks fit, either refuse to enforce the award or adjourn the hearing until after the expiration of such period as appears to the Court to be reasonably sufficient to enable that party to take the necessary steps to have the award annulled by the competent tribunal.
Evidence.
57.—(1) The party seeking to enforce a foreign award must produce—
(a) the original award or a copy thereof duly authenticated in manner required by the law of the country in which it was made, and
(b) evidence proving that the award has become final, and
(c) such evidence as may be necessary to prove that the award is a foreign award and that the conditions specified in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of subsection (1) of section 56 of this Act are satisfied.
(2) In any case where any document required to be produced under subsection (1) of this section is in a language, other than one of the official languages, it shall be the duty of the party seeking to enforce the award to produce a translation certified as correct by a diplomatic or consular agent of the country to which that party belongs, or certified as correct in such other manner as may be sufficient according to the law of the State.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this section, rules of court may be made under section 36 of the Courts of Justice Act, 1924 (No. 10 of 1924), as amended by section 68 of the Courts of Justice Act, 1936 (No. 48 of 1936), with respect to the evidence which must be furnished by a party seeking to enforce a foreign award under this Part.
Meaning of “final award”.
58.—For the purposes of this Part, an award shall not be deemed final if any proceedings for the purposes of contesting the validity of the award are pending in the country in which it was made.
Saving for other rights, etc.
59.—Nothing in this Part shall—
(a) prejudice any rights which any person would have had of enforcing in the State any award or of availing himself in the State of an award if this Part had not been enacted, or
(b) apply to any award made on an arbitration agreement governed by the law of the State.
FIRST SCHEDULE.
Protocol on Arbitration Clauses opened at Geneva on the 24th day of September, 1923.
Sections 2 (1), 12 (2) and 54.
1. Each of the Contracting States recognises the validity of an agreement whether relating to existing or future differences between parties subject respectively to the jurisdiction of different Contracting States by which the parties to a contract agree to submit to arbitration all or any differences that may arise in connection with such contract relating to commercial matters or to any other matter capable of settlement by arbitration, whether or not the arbitration is to take place in a country to whose jurisdiction none of the parties is subject.
Each Contracting State reserves the right to limit the obligation mentioned above to contracts which are considered as commercial under its national law. Any Contracting State which avails itself of this right will notify the Secretary-General of the League of Nations, in order that the other Contracting States may be so informed.
2. The arbitral procedure, including the constitution of the arbitral tribunal, shall be governed by the will of the parties and by the law of the country in whose territory the arbitration takes place.
The Contracting States agree to facilitate all steps in the procedure which require to be taken in their own territories, in accordance with the provisions of their law governing arbitral procedure applicable to existing differences.
3. Each Contracting State undertakes to ensure the execution by its authorities and in accordance with the provisions of its national laws of arbitral awards made in its own territory under the preceding articles.
4. The tribunals of the Contracting Parties, on being seized of a dispute regarding a contract made between persons to whom Article 1 applies and including an arbitration agreement whether referring to present or future differences which is valid in virtue of the said article and capable of being carried into effect, shall refer the parties on the application of either of them to the decision of the arbitrators.
Such reference shall not prejudice the competence of the judicial tribunals in case the agreement or the arbitration cannot proceed or becomes inoperative.
5. The present Protocol, which shall remain open for signature by all States, shall be ratified. The ratifications shall be deposited as soon as possible with the Secretary-General of the League of Nations, who shall notify such deposit to all the Signatory States.
6. The present Protocol will come into force as soon as two ratifications have been deposited. Thereafter it will take effect, in the case of each Contracting State, one month after the notification by the Secretary-General of the deposit of its ratification.
7. The present Protocol may be denounced by any Contracting State on giving one year's notice. Denunciation shall be effected by a notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the League, who will immediately transmit copies of such notification to all the other Signatory States and inform them of the date on which it was received. The denunciation shall take effect one year after the date on which it was notified to the Secretary-General, and shall operate only in respect of the notifying State.
8. The Contracting States may declare that their acceptance of the present Protocol does not include any or all of the under-mentioned territories: that is to say, their colonies, overseas possessions or territories, protectorates or the territories over which they exercise a mandate.
The said States may subsequently adhere separately on behalf of any territory thus excluded. The Secretary-General of the League of Nations shall be informed as soon as possible of such adhesions. He shall notify such adhesions to all Signatory States. They will take effect one month after the notification by the Secretary-General to all Signatory States.
The Contracting States may also denounce the Protocol separately on behalf of any of the territories referred to above. Article 7 applies to such denunciation.
A certified copy of the present Protocol will be transmitted by the Secretary-General to all the Contracting States.
SECOND SCHEDULE.
Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards done at Geneva on the 26th day of September, 1927.
Sections 2 (1) an 54.
Article 1.
In the territories of any High Contracting Party to which the present Convention applies, an arbitral award made in pursuance of an agreement, whether relating to existing or future differences (hereinafter called “a submission to arbitration”) covered by the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses, opened at Geneva on September 24th, 1923, shall be recognised as binding and shall be enforced in accordance with the rules of the procedure of the territory where the award is relied upon, provided that the said award has been made in a territory of one of the High Contracting Parties to which the present Convention applies and between persons who are subject to the jurisdiction of one of the High Contracting Parties.
To obtain such recognition or enforcement, it shall, further, be necessary:
(a) That the award has been made in pursuance of a submission to arbitration which is valid under the law applicable thereto;
(b) That the subject-matter of the award is capable of settlement by arbitration under the law of the country in which the award is sought to be relied upon;
(c) That the award has been made by the Arbitral Tribunal provided for in the submission to arbitration or constituted in the manner agreed upon by the parties and in conformity with the law governing the arbitration procedure;
(d) That the award has become final in the country in which it has been made, in the sense that it will not be considered as such if it is open to opposition, appel or pourvoi en cassation (in the countries where such forms of procedure exist) or if it is proved that any proceedings for the purpose of contesting the validity of the award are pending;
(e) That the recognition or enforcement of the award is not contrary to the public policy or to the principles of the law of the country in which it is sought to be relied upon.
Article 2.
Even if the conditions laid down in Article 1 hereof are fulfilled, recognition and enforcement of the award shall be refused if the Court is satisfied:
(a) That the award has been annulled in the country in which it was made;
(b) That the party against whom it is sought to use the award was not given notice of the arbitration proceedings in sufficient time to enable him to present his case; or that, being under a legal incapacity, he was not properly represented;
(c) That the award does not deal with the differences contemplated by or falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration or that it contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration.
If the award has not covered all the questions submitted to the arbitral tribunal, the competent authority of the country where recognition or enforcement of the award is sought can, if it think fit, postpone such recognition or enforcement or grant it subject to such guarantee as that authority may decide.
Article 3.
If the party against whom the award has been made proves that, under the law governing the arbitration procedure, there is a ground, other than the grounds referred to in Article 1 (a) and (c), and Article 2 (b) and (c), entitling him to contest the validity of the award in a Court of Law, the Court may, if it thinks fit, either refuse recognition or enforcement of the award or adjourn the consideration thereof, giving such party a reasonable time within which to have the award annulled by the competent tribunal.
Article 4.
The party relying upon an award or claiming its enforcement must supply, in particular:
(1) The original award or a copy thereof duly authenticated, according to the requirements of the law of the country in which it was made;
(2) Documentary or other evidence to prove that the award has become final, in the sense defined in Article 1 (d), in the country in which it was made;
(3) When necessary, documentary or other evidence to prove that the conditions laid down in Article 1, paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 (a) and (c), have been fulfilled.
A translation of the award and of the other documents mentioned in this Article into the official language of the country where the award is sought to be relied upon may be demanded. Such translation must be certified correct by a diplomatic or consular agent of the country to which the party who seeks to rely upon the award belongs or by a sworn translator of the country where the award is sought to be relied upon.
Article 5.
The provisions of the above Articles shall not deprive any interested party of the right of availing himself of an arbitral award in the manner and to the extent allowed by the law or the treaties of the country where such award is sought to be relied upon.
Article 6.
The present Convention applies only to arbitral awards made after the coming into force of the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses, opened at Geneva on September 24th, 1923.
Article 7.
The present Convention, which will remain open to the signature of all the signatories of the Protocol of 1923 on Arbitration Clauses, shall be ratified.
It may be ratified only on behalf of those Members of the League of Nations and non-Member States on whose behalf the Protocol of 1923 shall have been ratified.
Ratifications shall be deposited as soon as possible with the Secretary-General of the League of Nations, who will notify such deposit to all the signatories.
Article 8.
The present Convention shall come into force three months after it shall have been ratified on behalf of two High Contracting Parties. Thereafter, it shall take effect, in the case of each High Contracting Party, three months after the deposit of the ratification on its behalf with the Secretary-General of the League of Nations.
Article 9.
The present Convention may be denounced on behalf of any Member of the League or non-Member State. Denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Secretary-General of the League of Nations, who will immediately send a copy thereof, certified to be in conformity with the notification, to all the other Contracting Parties, at the same time informing them of the date on which he received it.
The denunciation shall come into force only in respect of the High Contracting Party which shall have notified it and one year after such notification shall have reached the Secretary-General of the League of Nations.
The denunciation of the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses shall entail, ipso facto, the denunciation of the present Convention.
Article 10.
The present Convention does not apply to the Colonies, Protectorates or territories under suzerainty or mandate of any High Contracting Party unless they are specially mentioned.
The application of this Convention to one or more of such Colonies, Protectorates or territories to which the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses, opened at Geneva on September 24th, 1923, applies, can be effected at any time by means of a declaration addressed to the Secretary-General of the League of Nations by one of the High Contracting Parties.
Such declaration shall take effect three months after the deposit thereof.
The High Contracting Parties can at any time denounce the Convention for all or any of the Colonies, Protectorates or territories referred to above. Article 9 hereof applies to such denunciation.
Article 11.
A certified copy of the present Convention shall be transmitted by the Secretary-General of the League of Nations to every Member of the League of Nations and to every non-Member State which signs the same.
THIRD SCHEDULE.
Enactments Repealed.
Sections 8 (1).
Session and Chapter. | Title or Short Title. | Extent of Repeal. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
10 Will. 3. c. 14 (Ir.). | An Act for determining differences by arbitration. | The whole Act. |
3 & 4 Vic. c. 105. | The Debtors (Ireland) Act, 1840. | Sections 63 and 64. |
19 & 20 Vic. c. 102. | The Common Law Procedure Amendment Act (Ireland), 1856. | Sections 6 to 20. |
40 & 41 Vic. c. 57. | The Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland), 1877. | In section 60, the words “the provisions contained in the sections of ‘the Common Law Procedure Act (Ireland), 1856,’ in reference to arbitration shall apply to the High Court of Justice and the several Divisions thereof, and the Judges of the same respectively, in the same manner as formerly to the Superior Courts of Common Law and the Judges of the same respectively.” |