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Number 29 of 1973
AIR NAVIGATION AND TRANSPORT ACT, 1973
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Convention on offences and certain other acts committed on board aircraft
Convention for the suppression of unlawful seizure of aircraft
Acts Referred to | |
1965, No. 17 | |
Air Navigation (Nationality and Registration of Aircraft) Order, 1963 | S.I. No. 88 of 1963. |
Probation of Offenders Act, 1907 | 1907, c. 17. |
1963, No. 15. | |
Number 29 of 1973
AIR NAVIGATION AND TRANSPORT ACT, 1973
Interpretation.
1.—(1) In this Act, save where the context otherwise requires—
“the Act of 1965” means the Extradition Act, 1965;
“aircraft” includes any aircraft other than state aircraft;
“appropriate authority” means, in relation to an aircraft, the authority in charge of the particular airport at which the aircraft lands or intends to land;
“commander”, in relation to an aircraft, means the member of the crew who is designated as commander by the operator or, if there is no such designation, the pilot in command of the aircraft;
“Hague contracting state” means a state in which the Hague Convention is for the time being in force;
“the Hague Convention” means the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft done at The Hague on the 16th day of December, 1970, of which the text is set out in the Second Schedule to this Act;
“Irish controlled aircraft” means an aircraft—
(a) which is for the time being registered in the State, or
(b) which is not for the time being registered in the State but which satisfies for the time being the requirements for such registration specified in Article 7 of the Air Navigation (Nationality and Registration of Aircraft) Order, 1963, or
(c) which—
(i) is registered in another state,
(ii) is for the time being chartered by demise, let or on hire, and
(iii) could but for paragraph (2) of the said Article 7 be registered in the State under paragraph (3) of that Article;
“the Minister” means the Minister for Transport and Power;
“operator”, in relation to an aircraft, means the person who for the time being has the management of the aircraft;
“pilot in command”, in relation to an aircraft, means the person who for the time being is lawfully in charge of the piloting of the aircraft without being under the direction of any other pilot in the aircraft;
“state aircraft” means aircraft of any state used in the military, customs or police services of that state;
“Tokyo contracting state” means a state in which the Tokyo Convention is for the time being in force;
“the Tokyo Convention” means the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft done at Tokyo on the 14th day of September, 1963, of which the text is set out in the First Schedule to this Act.
(2) The period during which an aircraft is in flight shall be deemed to include—
(a) for the purposes of this Act, any period from the moment when power is applied for the purpose of take-off until the moment of take-off and any period from the moment of touchdown until the moment when the landing run (if any) ends, and
(b) for the purposes of sections 3, 5, 7 and 11 of this Act—
(i) any further periods from the moment when all external doors of the aircraft are closed following embarkation for a flight until the moment when any such doors are opened for disembarkation after that flight, and
(ii) if the aircraft makes a forced landing, any period thereafter until the time when the competent authorities of the state in which the forced landing takes place assume responsibility for the aircraft and for the persons and property on board the aircraft (being, in the case of a forced landing which takes place in the State, the time when a member of the Garda Síochána arrives at the place of landing),
and any reference in this Act to an aircraft in flight shall include a reference to an aircraft during the period when it is on the surface of the sea or land but not within the territorial limits of any state.
(3) A certificate under the seal of the Minister that, at a time or during a period specified in the certificate, any state specified in the certificate is or, as the case may be, is not a Tokyo contracting state or is or, as the case may be, is not a Hague contracting state or is both or, as the case may be, is neither shall be evidence until the contrary is shown of the fact so stated.
(4) Where a notice communicated to the State under Article 18 of the Tokyo Convention or Article 5 of the Hague Convention states that any two or more states each of which is either a Tokyo contracting state or a Hague contracting state—
(a) have established a joint air transport operating organisation, or international operating agency, which operates aircraft which are subject to joint or international registration, and
(b) have designated for each aircraft so operated the state among them which shall be the state of registration for the purposes of the Tokyo Convention or the Hague Convention, or both, the Minister—
(i) may by order declare that the aircraft aforesaid (which together with the states referred to in the notice, shall be specified in the order) shall be treated for the purposes of this Act and of the Tokyo Convention and the Hague Convention or either of those Conventions as being registered in the state designated as aforesaid (which shall be specified in the order), and
(ii) may by order amend or revoke any order under this subsection.
(5) References in this Act to the state of registration of an aircraft in the case of an aircraft—
(a) which is for the time being registered in the State, or
(b) which is not for the time being so registered but which satisfies the requirements for registration in the State specified in the said Article 7,
are references to the State.
Application of criminal law to aircraft.
2.—(1) Any act or omission which, if taking place in the State, would constitute an offence under the law of the State, shall, if it takes place on board an Irish controlled aircraft while in flight elsewhere than in or over the State, constitute that offence.
(2) Proceedings for an offence under this Act or an offence referred to in subsection (1) of this section may be taken, and the offence may for all incidental purposes be treated as having been committed, in any place in the State.
Power of commander of aircraft to put person under restraint.
3.—(1) If the commander of an aircraft registered in a Tokyo contracting state has reasonable grounds for believing that a person has committed, or is about to commit, on board the aircraft in flight anywhere any act which—
(a) if committed in the state in which the aircraft is registered would constitute an offence under the law in force in that state, or
(b) jeopardises or may jeopardise—
(i) the safety of the aircraft,
(ii) the safety of persons or property on board the aircraft, or
(iii) good order or discipline on board the aircraft,
the commander may take, with respect to the person, such reasonable measures, including restraint of his person, as he reasonably considers to be necessary—
(i) to protect the safety of the aircraft, or of persons or property on board the aircraft,
(ii) to maintain good order and discipline on board the aircraft, or
(iii) to enable the commander to disembark the person or to deliver him to a member of the Garda Síochána in the State or to competent authorities outside the State, as the case may be, in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) of this section, the commander of an aircraft may—
(a) order or authorise the assistance of any other member of the crew of the aircraft, or
(b) request or authorise the assistance of any other person on board the aircraft.
(3) Any member of the crew of an aircraft which is in flight, or any other person on board, may, without being ordered, authorised or requested by the commander of the aircraft take, with respect to any other person on board the aircraft, any reasonable measures which he has reasonable grounds for believing to be immediately necessary to protect the safety of the aircraft or of persons or property therein.
(4) Any restraint imposed on a person on board an aircraft under this section shall not be continued after the time when the aircraft first ceases to be in flight and the person is handed over to a member of the Garda Síochána in the State or to competent authorities outside the State, as the case may be, unless—
(a) the place where the aircraft first ceases to be in flight is in the territory of a state which is not a Tokyo contracting state and which refuses to permit that person to be disembarked,
(b) the measures of restraint were imposed in order to enable the person to be delivered to competent authorities in the state of registration of the aircraft (being, in the case of the State, a member of the Garda Síochána),
(c) the aircraft has made a forced landing and the commander is unable to deliver the person to competent authorities (being, in the case of a forced landing in the State, a member of the Garda Síochána), or
(d) the person under restraint agrees to continue his journey under restraint on board that aircraft.
Duty of commander of aircraft to notify appropriate authority that person is under restraint.
4.—(1) The commander of an aircraft shall, if possible before, and in any event as soon as practicable after, the termination of its flight in the State with a person on board the aircraft who has been placed under restraint pursuant to section 3 of this Act, notify the appropriate authority—
(a) that such person is under restraint,
(b) of the reasons for such restraint.
(2) The commander of an Irish controlled aircraft shall, if possible before, and in any event as soon as practicable after, the termination of its flight in the territory of any other state with a person on board the aircraft who has been placed under restraint pursuant to section 3 of this Act, notify the appropriate authority—
(a) that such person is under restraint, and
(b) of the reasons for such restraint.
Power of commander of aircraft to disembark persons from aircraft.
5.—(1) If the commander of an aircraft other than an Irish controlled aircraft registered in a Tokyo contracting state has reasonable grounds for believing that a person has committed or is about to commit on board the aircraft in flight anywhere any act which, whether it is an offence or not, jeopardises or may jeopardise—
(i) the safety of the aircraft,
(ii) the safety of persons or property on board the aircraft, or
(iii) good order and discipline on board the aircraft,
the commander may, in order to protect the safety of the aircraft or persons or property therein, or to maintain good order and discipline on board the aircraft, disembark the person in the territory of the State.
(2) If the commander of an Irish controlled aircraft has reasonable grounds for believing that a person has committed or is about to commit on board the aircraft in flight anywhere any act which, whether it is an offence or not, jeopardises or may jeopardise—
(i) the safety of the aircraft,
(ii) the safety of persons or property on board the aircraft, or
(iii) good order and discipline on board the aircraft,
the commander may, in order to protect the safety of the aircraft or persons or property therein, or to maintain good order and discipline on board the aircraft, disembark the person in the territory of any state.
Duty of commander of aircraft to notify appropriate authority that person has been disembarked.
6.—The commander of an aircraft shall, as soon as may be after he has disembarked a person pursuant to section 5 of this Act, notify the appropriate authority—
(a) that he has disembarked such person, and
(b) of the reasons for such disembarkation.
Power of commander of aircraft to deliver person to Garda Síochána or competent authorities.
7.—(1) If the commander of an aircraft registered in a Tokyo contracting state has reasonable grounds for believing that a person has committed on board the aircraft in flight anywhere an act which, in his opinion, is a serious offence under the criminal law of the state of registration of the aircraft, the commander may, if the flight of the aircraft terminates in the State, deliver the person to a member of the Garda Síochána as soon as may be after such termination.
(2) If the commander of an Irish controlled aircraft has reasonable grounds for believing that a person has committed on board the aircraft in flight anywhere an act which, in his opinion, is a serious offence under the criminal law of the State, the commander may, if the flight of the aircraft terminates outside the State in the territory of a Tokyo contracting state deliver the person to competent authorities of that state as soon as may be after such termination.
Duty of commander of aircraft to notify appropriate authority of intention to deliver person.
8.—(1) The commander of an aircraft shall, if possible before, and in any event as soon as practicable after, the termination of its flight in the State with a person on board whom he intends to deliver to a member of the Garda Síochána pursuant to section 7 (1) of this Act, notify the appropriate authority of—
(a) his intention to deliver the person as aforesaid, and
(b) the reasons for such delivery.
(2) The commander of an Irish controlled aircraft shall, if possible before, and in any event as soon as practicable after the termination of its flight in the territory of a Tokyo contracting state with a person on board whom he intends to deliver to competent authorities of that state pursuant to section 7 (2) of this Act, notify the appropriate authority of—
(a) his intention to deliver the person as aforesaid, and
(b) the reasons for such delivery.
Duty of commander of aircraft to furnish information.
9.—The commander of an aircraft shall furnish to the person to whom any person is delivered pursuant to section 7 of this Act all evidence and information in respect of the act to which the delivery of the person pursuant to that section refers lawfully in his possession according to the law of the state of registration of the aircraft.
Indemnity to commander of aircraft, etc.
10.—The commander of an aircraft, a member of the crew of an aircraft, a passenger on an aircraft, the owner or operator of an aircraft or any person on whose behalf a flight was performed shall not be liable in the State—
(a) to conviction in any criminal prosecution, or
(b) in damages in any civil action,
brought in respect of any action taken against any person pursuant to a provision of this Act.
Unlawful seizure of aircraft.
11.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, a person who on board an aircraft in flight anywhere—
(a) unlawfully, by force or threat thereof, or by any other form of intimidation, seizes or exercises control of or otherwise interferes with the control of that aircraft, or
(b) attempts to perform any such act or aids or abets a person who performs or attempts to perform any such act or counsels or procures the performance of any such act
shall be guilty of an offence.
(2) (a) Subject to the provisions of this section, a person who on board an aircraft in flight anywhere commits an act to which this subsection applies shall be guilty of an offence.
(b) In this subsection “act to which this subsection applies” means an act of violence which is committed, in connection with an act constituting an offence under subsection (1) of this section, against the passengers or crew of the aircraft concerned and which, if it were committed within the State, would constitute an indictable offence.
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) of this section shall not apply in relation to
(a) an act committed on board an aircraft whose place of takeoff and place of actual landing are both situated in the territory of the state of registration of the aircraft, or
(b) an act committed on board an aircraft whose state of registration is a state designated in an order made pursuant to a notice communicated to the State under Article 5 of the Hague Convention and for the time being in force under section 1 of this Act and whose place of take-off and place of actual landing are both situated in the territory of the same state, being a state specified in the said order.
(4) Notwithstanding subsection (3) of this section, subsections (1) and (2) of this section shall apply in relation to an act committed on an aircraft, including a state aircraft, if—
(a) the act is committed by a person who is a citizen of Ireland or is habitually resident in the State, or
(b) the act is committed in or over the State, or
(c) the aircraft is an Irish controlled aircraft.
(5) Where an aircraft lands after a flight on the territory of the State and a member of the Garda Síochána has reason to believe that there is on board the aircraft a person who has committed an offence under subsection (1) or (2) of this section on the flight, the member together with any other members of the Garda Síochána may, without warrant, enter the aircraft and may, without warrant, arrest any such person whom he finds on the aircraft.
(6) If a person arrested under subsection (5) of this section is not a citizen of Ireland or habitually resident in the State, the person—
(a) shall, if he is an alien who could, under the law relating to aliens, have been refused leave to land in the State, be deemed, for the purposes of that law to be an alien who has been refused that leave, and
(b) may be detained in custody for a period not exceeding 48 hours and then, subject to section 12 of this Act, released:
Provided however that he shall not be released under this section if before the expiration of the period of 48 hours he has been charged with an offence under subsection (1) or (2) of this section.
Application of Act of 1965 to persons arrested or delivered under this Act.
12.—Any person arrested under section 11 of this Act or delivered to a member of the Garda Síochána under section 7 (1) of this Act shall, in addition—
(a) if the aircraft concerned is registered in a state to which Part II of the Act of 1965 applies and (if he is a citizen of Ireland) the extradition of the person is not prohibited by section 14 of that Act, be deemed to have been arrested pursuant to a warrant issued under section 27 of that Act, and
(b) if the aircraft concerned is registered in a place to which Part III of that Act applies, be deemed to have been arrested pursuant to a warrant issued under section 49 of that Act,
and section 15 of the Act of 1965 shall not apply in relation to the extradition of a person to whom this section applies.
Restriction on taking action with respect to breach certain laws.
13.—No provision of this Act shall be interpreted as authorising or requiring the commander of an aircraft or any other person therein to take any action in respect of an offence punishable under laws of a political nature or in respect of an offence based on racial or religious discrimination, unless the safety of the aircraft or of persons or property on board the aircraft is endangered by reason of such offences.
Certain persons deemed not to have landed in State.
14.—Where a person who is an alien who could, under the law relating to aliens, be refused leave to land in the State is in the State by reason solely of having been—
(a) disembarked from an aircraft pursuant to section 5 of this Act, or
(b) delivered to the Garda Síochána pursuant to section 7 of this Act, or
(c) arrested pursuant to section 11 of this Act,
the person shall, for the purposes of that law, be deemed not to have landed in the State.
Failure to give notice and information to authorities.
15.—A commander of an aircraft who contravenes section 4, 6, 8 or 9 of this Act shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds.
Penalty for offences under section 11.
16.—(1) A person guilty of an offence under section 11 of this Act shall be liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for life or for such other term as the court considers proper.
(2) A court shall not suspend a sentence imposed under this section.
(3) Section 1 (2) of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1907, shall not apply in relation to an offence under section 11 of this Act.
Amendment of section 10 of Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) Act, 1963.
17.—Section 10 of the Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) Act, 1963 (which relates to the keeping of records of the movements of aircraft and to the use of such records as evidence) shall have effect as if the reference in subsection (1) (c) to an offence included a reference to an offence under this Act.
Expenses.
18.—The expenses incurred by any Minister of State in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas.
Short title and commencement.
19.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Air Navigation and Transport Act, 1973.
(2) This Act and the Air Navigation and Transport Acts, 1936 to 1965, may be cited together as the Air Navigation and Transport Acts, 1936 to 1973.
(3) This Act shall come into operation on such day or days as may be fixed therefor by order or orders of the Minister either generally or with reference to any particular purpose or provision and different days may be so fixed for different purposes and different provisions.
FIRST SCHEDULE
Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft
THE STATES Parties to this Convention
HAVE AGREED as follows:
Chapter I—Scope of the Convention
Article 1
1. This Convention shall apply in respect of:
(a) offences against penal law;
(b) acts which, whether or not they are offences, may or do jeopardise the safety of the aircraft or of persons or property therein or which jeopardise good order and discipline on board.
2. Except as provided in Chapter III, this Convention shall apply in respect of offences committed or acts done by a person on board any aircraft registered in a Contracting State, while that aircraft is in flight or on the surface of the high seas or of any other area outside the territory of any State.
3. For the purposes of this Convention, an aircraft is considered to be in flight from the moment when power is applied for the purpose of take-off until the moment when the landing run ends.
4. This Convention shall not apply to aircraft used in military, customs or police services.
Article 2
Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 4 and except when the safety of the aircraft or of persons or property on board so requires, no provision of this Convention shall be interpreted as authorising or requiring any action in respect bof offences against penal laws of a political nature or those based on racial or religious discrimination.
Chapter II—Jurisdiction
Article 3
1. The State of registration of the aircraft is competent to exercise jurisdiction over offences and acts committed on board.
2. Each Contracting State shall take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction as the State of registration over offences committed on board aircraft registered in such State.
3. This Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised in accordance with national law.
Article 4
A Contracting State which is not the State of registration may not interfere with an aircraft in flight in order to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over an offence committed on board except in the following cases:
(a) the offence has effect on the territory of such State;
(b) the offence has been committed by or against a national or permanent resident of such State;
(c) the offence is against the security of such State;
(d) the offence consists of a breach of any rules or regulations relating to the flight or manoeuvre of aircraft in force in such State;
(e) the exercise of jurisdiction is necessary to ensure the observance of any obligation of such State under a multilateral international agreement.
Chapter III—Powers of the Aircraft Commander
Article 5
1. The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to offences and acts committed or about to be committed by a person on board an aircraft in flight in the airspace of the State of registration or over the high seas or any other area outside the territory of any State unless the last point of take-off or the next point of intended landing is situated in a State other than that of registration, or the aircraft subsequently flies in the airspace of a State other than that of registration with such person still on board.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, paragraph 3, an aircraft shall for the purposes of this Chapter, be considered to be in flight at any time from the moment when all its external doors are closed following embarkation until the moment when any such door is opened for disembarkation. In the case of a forced landing, the provisions of this Chapter shall continue to apply with respect to offences and acts committed on board until competent authorities of a State take over the responsibility for the aircraft and for the persons and property on board.
Article 6
1. The aircraft commander may, when he has reasonable grounds to believe that a person has committed, or is about to commit, on board the aircraft, an offence or act contemplated in Article 1, paragraph 1, impose upon such person reasonable measures including restraint which are necessary:
(a) to protect the safety of the aircraft, or of persons or property therein; or
(b) to maintain good order and discipline on board; or
(c) to enable him to deliver such person to competent authorities or to disembark him in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.
2. The aircraft commander may require or authorise the assistance of other crew members and may request or authorise, but not require, the assistance of passengers to restrain any person whom he is entitled to restrain. Any crew member or passenger may also take reasonable preventive measures without such authorisation when he has reasonable grounds to believe that such action is immediately necessary to protect the safety of the aircraft, or of persons or property therein.
Article 7
1. Measures of restraint imposed upon a person in accordance with Article 6 shall not be continued beyond any point at which the aircraft lands unless:
(a) such point is in the territory of a non-Contracting State and its authorities refuse to permit disembarkation of that person or those measures have been imposed in accordance with Article 6, paragraph 1 (c) in order to enable his delivery to competent authorities;
(b) the aircraft makes a forced landing and the aircraft commander is unable to deliver that person to competent authorities; or
(c) that person agrees to onward carriage under restraint.
2. The aircraft commander shall as soon as practicable, and if possible before landing in the territory of a State with a person on board who has been placed under restraint in accordance with the provisions of Article 6, notify the authorities of such State of the fact that a person on board is under restraint and of the reasons for such restraint.
Article 8
1. The aircraft commander may, in so far as it is necessary for the purpose of subparagraph (a) or (b) of paragraph 1 of Article 6, disembark in the territory of any State in which the aircraft lands any person who he has reasonable grounds to believe has committed, or is about to commit, on board the aircraft an act contemplated in Article 1, paragraph 1 (b).
2. The aircraft commander shall report to the authorities of the State in which he disembarks any person pursuant to this Article, the fact of, and the reasons for, such disembarkation.
Article 9
1. The aircraft commander may deliver to the competent authorities of any Contracting State in the territory of which the aircraft lands any person who he has reasonable grounds to believe has committed on board the aircraft an act which, in his opinion, is a serious offence according to the penal law of the State of registration of the aircraft.
2. The aircraft commander shall as soon as practicable and if possible before landing in the territory of a Contracting State with a person on board whom the aircraft commander intends to deliver in accordance with the preceding paragraph, notify the authorities of such State of his intention to deliver such person and the reasons therefor.
3. The aircraft commander shall furnish the authorities to whom any suspected offender is delivered in accordance with the provisions of this Article with evidence and information which, under the law of the State of registration of the aircraft, are lawfully in his possession.
Article 10
For actions taken in accordance with this Convention, neither the aircraft commander, any other member of the crew, any passenger, the owner or operator of the aircraft, nor the person on whose behalf the flight was performed shall be held responsible in any proceeding on account of the treatment undergone by the person against whom the actions were taken.
Chapter IV—Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft
Article 11
1. When a person on board has unlawfully committed by force or threat thereof an act of interference, seizure, or other wrongful exercise of control of an aircraft in flight or when such an act is about to be committed, Contracting States shall take all appropriate measures to restore control of the aircraft to its lawful commander or to preserve his control of the aircraft.
2. In the cases contemplated in the preceding paragraph, the Contracting State in which the aircraft lands shall permit its passengers and crew to continue their journey as soon as practicable, and shall return the aircraft and its cargo to the persons lawfully entitled to possession.
Chapter V—Powers and Duties of States
Article 12
Any Contracting State shall allow the commander of an aircraft registered in another Contracting State to disembark any person pursuant to Article 8, paragraph 1.
Article 13
1. Any Contracting State shall take delivery of any person who the aircraft commander delivers pursuant to Article 9, paragraph 1.
2. Upon being satisfied that the circumstances so warrant, any Contracting State shall take custody or other measures to ensure the presence of any person suspected of an act contemplated in Article 11, paragraph 1, and of any person of whom it has taken delivery. The custody and other measures shall be as provided in the law of that State but may only be continued for such time as is reasonably necessary to enable any criminal or extradition proceedings to be instituted.
3. Any person in custody pursuant to the previous paragraph shall be assisted in communicating immediately with the nearest appropriate representative of the State of which he is a national.
4. Any Contracting State, to which a person is delivered pursuant to Article 9, paragraph 1, or in whose territory an aircraft lands following the commission of an act contemplated in Article 11, paragraph 1, shall immediately make a preliminary enquiry into the facts.
5. When a State, pursuant to this Article, has taken a person into custody, it shall immediately notify the State of registration of the aircraft and the State of nationality of the detained person and, if it considers it advisable, any other interested State of the fact that such person is in custody and of the circumstances which warrant his detention. The State which makes the preliminary enquiry contemplated in paragraph 4 of this Article shall promptly report its findings to the said States and shall indicate whether it intends to exercise jurisdiction.
Article 14
1. When any person has been disembarked in accordance with Article 8, paragraph 1, or delivered in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 1, or has disembarked after committing an act contemplated in Article 11, paragraph 1, and when such person cannot or does not desire to continue his journey and the State of landing refuses to admit him, that State may, if the person in question is not a national or permanent resident of that State return him to the territory of the State of which he is a national or permanent resident or to the territory of the State in which he began his journey by air.
2. Neither disembarkation, nor delivery, nor the taking of custody or other measures contemplated in Article 13, paragraph 2, nor return of the person concerned, shall be considered as admission to the territory of the Contracting State concerned for the purpose of its law relating to entry or admission of persons and nothing in this Convention shall affect the law of a Contracting State relating to the expulsion of persons from its territory.
Article 15
1. Without prejudice to Article 14, any person who has been disembarked in accordance with Article 8, paragraph 1, or delivered in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 1, or has disembarked after committing an act contemplated in Article 11, paragraph 1, and who desires to continue his journey shall be at liberty as soon as practicable to proceed to any destination of his choice unless his presence is required by the law of the State of landing for the purpose of extradition or criminal proceedings.
2. Without prejudice to its law as to entry and admission to, and extradition and expulsion from its territory, a Contracting State in whose territory a person has been disembarked in accordance with Article 8, paragraph 1, or delivered in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 1, or has disembarked and is suspected of having committed an act contemplated in Article 11, paragraph 1, shall accord to such person treatment which is no less favourable for his protection and security than that accorded to nationals of such Contracting State in like circumstances.
Chapter VI—Other Provisions
Article 16
1. Offences committed on aircraft registered in a Contracting State shall be treated, for the purpose of extradition, as if they had been committed not only in the place in which they have occurred but also in the territory of the State of registration of the aircraft.
2. Without prejudice to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, nothing in this Convention shall be deemed to create an obligation to grant extradition.
Article 17
In taking any measures for investigation or arrest or otherwise exercising jurisdiction in connection with any offence committed on board an aircraft the Contracting States shall pay due regard to the safety and other interests of air navigation and shall so act as to avoid unnecessary delay of the aircraft, passengers, crew or cargo.
Article 18
If Contracting States establish joint air transport operating organisations or international operating agencies, which operate aircraft not registered in any one State those States shall, according to the circumstances of the case, designate the State among them which, for the purposes of this Convention, shall be considered as the State of registration and shall give notice thereof to the International Civil Aviation Organisation which shall communicate the notice to all States Parties to this Convention.
Chapter VII—Final Clauses
Article 19
Until the date on which this Convention comes into force in accordance with the provisions of Article 21, it shall remain open for signature on behalf of any State which at that date is a Member of the United Nations or of any of the Specialised Agencies.
Article 20
1. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States in accordance with their constitutional procedures.
2. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the International Civil Aviation Organisation.
Article 21
1. As soon as twelve of the signatory States have deposited their instruments of ratification of this Convention, it shall come into force between them on the ninetieth day after the date of the deposit of the twelfth instrument of ratification. It shall come into force for each State ratifying thereafter on the ninetieth day after the deposit of its instrument of ratification.
2. As soon as this Convention comes into force, it shall be registered with the Secretary-General of the United Nations by the International Civil Aviation Organisation.
Article 22
1. This Convention shall, after it has come into force, be open for accession by any State Member of the United Nations or of any of the Specialised Agencies.
2. The accession of a State shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the International Civil Aviation Organisation and shall take effect on the ninetieth day after the date of such deposit.
Article 23
1. Any Contracting State may denounce this Convention by notification addressed to the International Civil Aviation Organisation.
2. Denunciation shall take effect six months after the date of receipt by the International Civil Aviation Organisation of the notification of denunciation.
Article 24
1. Any dispute between two or more Contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation, shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organisation of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court.
2. Each State may at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto, declare that it does not consider itself bound by the preceding paragraph. The other Contracting States shall not be bound by the preceding paragraph with respect to any Contracting State having made such a reservation.
3. Any Contracting State having made a reservation in accordance with the preceding paragraph may at any time withdraw this reservation by notification to the International Civil Aviation Organisation.
Article 25
Except as provided in Article 24 no reservation may be made to this Convention.
Article 26
The International Civil Aviation Organisation shall give notice to all States Members of the United Nations or of any of the Specialised Agencies:
(a) of any signature of this Convention and the date thereof;
(b) of the deposit of any instrument of ratification or accession and the date thereof;
(c) of the date on which this Convention comes into force in accordance with Article 21, paragraph 1;
(d) of the receipt of any notification of denunciation and the date thereof; and
(e) of the receipt of any declaration or notification made under Article 24 and the date thereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, having been duly authorised, have signed this Convention.
DONE at Tokyo on the fourteenth day of September One Thousand Nine Hundred and Sixty-three in three authentic texts drawn up in the English, French and Spanish languages.
This Convention shall be deposited with the International Civil Aviation Organisation with which, in accordance with Article 19, it shall remain open for signature and the said Organisation shall send certified copies thereof to all States Members of the United Nations or of any Specialised Agency.
(Here follow signatures on behalf of certain States).
SECOND SCHEDULE
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft
Preamble
THE STATES Parties to this Convention
CONSIDERING that unlawful acts of seizure or exercise of control of aircraft in flight jeopardise the safety of persons and property, seriously affect the operation of air services, and undermine the confidence of the peoples of the world in the safety of civil aviation;
CONSIDERING that the occurrence of such acts is a matter of grave concern;
CONSIDERING that, for the purpose of deterring such acts, there is an urgent need to provide appropriate measures for punishment of offenders;
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
Article 1
Any person who on board an aircraft in flight:
(a) unlawfully, by force or threat thereof, or by any other form of intimidation, seizes, or exercises control of, that aircraft, or attempts to perform any such act, or
(b) is an accomplice of a person who performs or attempts to perform any such act
commits an offence (hereinafter referred to as “the offence”).
Article 2
Each Contracting State undertakes to make the offence punishable by severe penalties.
Article 3
1. For the purposes of this Convention, an aircraft is considered to be in flight at any time from the moment when all its external doors are closed following embarkation until the moment when any such door is opened for disembarkation. In the case of a forced landing, the flight shall be deemed to continue until the competent authorities take over the responsibility for the aircraft and for persons and property on board.
2. This Convention shall not apply to aircraft used in military, customs or police services.
3. This Convention shall apply only if the place of take-off or the place of actual landing of the aircraft on board which the offence is committed is situated outside the territory of the State of registration of that aircraft; it shall be immaterial whether the aircraft is engaged in an international or domestic flight.
4. In the cases mentioned in Article 5, this Convention shall not apply if the place of take-off and the place of actual landing of the aircraft on board which the offence is committed are situated within the territory of the same State where that State is one of those referred to in that Article.
5. Notwithstanding paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article, Articles 6, 7, 8 and 10 shall apply whatever the place of take-off or the place of actual landing of the aircraft, if the offender or the alleged offender is found in the territory of a State other than the State of registration of that aircraft.
Article 4
1. Each Contracting State shall take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offence and any other act of violence against passengers or crew committed by the alleged offender in connection with the offence, in the following cases:
(a) when the offence is committed on board an aircraft registered in that State;
(b) when the aircraft on board which the offence is committed lands in its territory with the alleged offender still on board;
(c) when the offence is committed on board an aircraft leased without crew to a lessee who has his principal place of business or, if the lessee has no such place of business, his permanent residence, in that State.
2. Each Contracting State shall likewise take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offence in the case where the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite him pursuant to Article 8 to any of the States mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article.
3. This Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised in accordance with national law.
Article 5
The Contracting States which establish joint air transport operating organisations or international operating agencies which operate aircraft which are subject to joint or international registration shall, by appropriate means, designate for each aircraft the State among them which shall exercise the jurisdiction and have the attributes of the State of Registration for the purpose of this Convention and shall give notice thereof to the International Civil Aviation Organisation which shall communicate the notice to all States Parties to this Convention.
Article 6
1. Upon being satisfied that the circumstances so warrant, any Contracting State in the territory of which the offender or the alleged offender is present, shall take him into custody or take other measures to ensure his presence. The custody and other measures shall be as provided in the law of that State but may only be continued for such time as is necessary to enable any criminal or extradition proceedings to be instituted.
2. Such State shall immediately make a preliminary enquiry into the facts.
3. Any person in custody pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article shall be assisted in communicating immediately with the nearest appropriate representative of the State of which he is a national.
4. When a State, pursuant to this Article, has taken a person into custody, it shall immediately notify the State of registration of the aircraft, the State mentioned in Article 4, paragraph 1 (c), the State of nationality of the detained person and, if it considers it advisable, any other interested States of the fact that such person is in custody and of the circumstances which warrant his detention. The State which makes the preliminary enquiry contemplated in paragraph 2 of this Article shall promptly report its findings to the said States and shall indicate whether it intends to exercise jurisdiction.
Article 7
The Contracting State in the territory of which the alleged offender is found shall, if it does not extradite him, be obliged, without exception whatsoever and whether or not the offence was committed in its territory, to submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution. Those authorities shall take their decision in the same manner as in the case of any ordinary offence of a serious nature under the law of that State.
Article 8
1. The offence shall be deemed to be included as an extraditable offence in any extradition treaty existing between Contracting States. Contracting States undertake to include the offence as an extraditable offence in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them.
2. If a Contracting State which makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another Contracting State with which it has no extradition treaty, it may at its option consider this Convention as the legal basis for extradition in respect of the offence. Extradition shall be subject to the other conditions provided by the law of the requested State.
3. Contracting States which do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognise the offence as an extraditable offence between themselves subject to the conditions provided by the law of the requested State.
4. The offence shall be treated, for the purpose of extradition between Contracting States, as if it had been committed not only in the place in which it occurred but also in the territories of the States required to establish their jurisdiction in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 1.
Article 9
1. When any of the Acts mentioned in Article 1 (a) has occurred or is about to occur, Contracting States shall take all appropriate measures to restore control of the aircraft to its lawful commander or to preserve his control of the aircraft.
2. In the cases contemplated by the preceding paragraph, any Contracting State in which the aircraft or its passengers or crew are present shall facilitate the continuation of the journey of the passengers and crew as soon as practicable, and shall without delay return the aircraft and its cargo to the persons lawfully entitled to possession.
Article 10
1. Contracting States shall afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with criminal proceedings brought in respect of the offence and other acts mentioned in Article 4. The law of the State requested shall apply in all cases.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not affect obligations under any other treaty, bilateral or multilateral, which governs or will govern, in whole or in part, mutual assistance in criminal matters.
Article 11
Each Contracting State shall in accordance with its national law report to the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organisation as promptly as possible any relevant information in its possession concerning:
(a) the circumstances of the offence;
(b) the action taken pursuant to Article 9;
(c) the measures taken in relation to the offender or the alleged offender, and, in particular, the results of any extradition proceedings or other legal proceedings.
Article 12
1. Any dispute between two or more Contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation, shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organisation of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court.
2. Each State may at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto, declare that it does not consider itself bound by the preceding paragraph. The other Contracting States shall not be bound by the preceding paragraph with respect to any Contracting State having made such a reservation.
3. Any Contracting State having made a reservation in accordance with the preceding paragraph may at any time withdraw this reservation by notification to the Depositary Governments.
Article 13
1. This Convention shall be open for signature at The Hague on 16 December, 1970, by States participating in the International Conference on Air Law held at The Hague from 1 to 16 December, 1970 (hereinafter referred to as The Hague Conference). After 31 December, 1970, the Convention shall be open to all States for signature in Moscow, London and Washington. Any State which does not sign this Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article may accede to it at any time.
2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States. Instruments of ratification and instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America, which are hereby designated the Depositary Governments.
3. This Convention shall enter into force thirty days following the date of the deposit of instruments of ratification by ten States signatory to this Convention which participated in The Hague Conference.
4. For other States, this Convention shall enter into force on the date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article, or thirty days following the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession, whichever is later.
5. The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession, the date of entry into force of this Convention, and other notices.
6. As soon as this Convention comes into force, it shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations and pursuant to Article 83 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944).
Article 14
1. Any Contracting State may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Depositary Governments.
2. Denunciation shall take effect six months following the date on which notification is received by the Depositary Governments.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorised thereto by their Governments have signed this Convention.
DONE at The Hague, this sixteenth day of December, one thousand nine hundred and seventy, in three originals, each being drawn up in four authentic texts in the English, French, Russian and Spanish languages.
(Here follow signatures on behalf of certain States).
Uimhir 29 de 1973
AN tACHT AERLOINGSEOIREACHTA AGUS AERIOMPAIR, 1973
[An tiontú oifigiúil]
[19 Nollaig, 1973]
Léiriú.
I.R. Uimh. 88 de 1963.
1.—(1) San Acht seo, ach amháin mar a n-éilíonn an comhthéacs a mhalairt—
ciallaíonn “Acht 1965” an tAcht um Eiseachadadh, 1965;
folaíonn “aerárthach” aon aerárthach seachas aerárthach stáit;
ciallaíonn “údarás iomchuí”, maidir le haerárthach, an t-údarás i gceannas an aerfoirt áirithe a dtuirlingíonn an t-aerárthach nó a mbeartaíonn sí tuirlingt ann;
ciallaíonn “ceannasaí”, maidir le haerárthach, an comhalta den fhoireann atá ainmnithe mar cheannasaí ag an oibritheoir nó, mura bhfuil aon duine ainmnithe amhlaidh, an píolóta i gceannas an aerárthaigh;
ciallaíonn “stát chonradh na Háige” stát ina bhfuil Coinbhinsiún na Háige i bhfeidhm de thuras na huaire;
ciallaíonn “Coinbhinsiún na Háige” an Coinbhinsiún chun Cosc a chur le hUrghabháil Neamhdhleathach Aerárthach a rinneadh sa Háig an 16ú lá de Nollaig, 1970, agus a bhfuil a théacs leagtha amach sa Dara Sceideal a ghabhann leis an Acht seo;
ciallaíonn “aerárthach faoi urlámhas Éireannach” aerárthach—
(a) atá cláraithe sa Stát de thuras na huaire, nó
(b) nach bhfuil cláraithe sa Stát de thuras na huaire ach a chomhlíonann de thuras na huaire na ceanglais don chlárú sin a shonraítear in Airteagal 7 den Ordú Aerloingseoireachta (Náisiúntacht agus Clárú Aerárthaí), 1963, nó
(c) (i) atá cláraithe i stát eile,
(ii) atá cairtfhostaithe de thuras na huaire trí fhorléasadh, ligean nó fruiliú, agus
(iii) a d'fhéadfaí, murach mír (2) den Airteagal sin 7, a chlárú sa Stát faoi mhír (3) den Airteagal sin;
ciallaíonn “an tAire” an tAire Iompair agus Cumhachta;
ciallaíonn “oibritheoir”, maidir le haerárthach, an duine ag a bhfuil bainistí an aerárthaigh de thuras na huaire;
ciallaíonn “píolóta i gceannas”, maidir le haerárthach, an duine atá de thuras na huaire go dleathach i bhfeighil phíolótaíocht an aerárthaigh agus nach bhfuil faoi stiúradh aon phíolóta eile san aerárthach;
ciallaíonn “aerárthach stáit” aerárthach de chuid aon stáit a úsáidtear i seirbhísí míleata, custam nó póilíneachta an stáit sin;
ciallaíonn “stát chonradh Tóiceo” stát ina bhfuil Coinbhinsiún Tóiceo i bhfeidhm de thuras na huaire;
ciallaíonn “Coinbhinsiún Tóiceo” an Coinbhinsiún um Chionta agus Gníomhartha Áirithe eile a dhéantar ar Bord Aerárthach a rinneadh i dTóiceo an 14ú lá de Mheán Fómhair, 1963, agus a bhfuil a théacs leagtha amach sa Chéad Sceideal a ghabhann leis an Acht seo.
(2) Measfar na tréimhsí seo a leanas a bheith ar áireamh sa tréimhse a bhíonn aerárthach ar eitilt—
(a) chun críocha an Achta seo, aon tréimhse ón nóiméad a fheidhmítear cumhacht le turgabháil go dtí an nóiméad turgabhála agus aon tréimhse ón nóiméad tadhlta go dtí an nóiméad a chríochnaíonn an rúid tuirlingthe (más ann), agus
(b) chun críocha ailt 3, 5, 7 agus 11 den Acht seo—
(i) aon tréimhsí breise ón nóiméad a dhúntar doirse seachtracha uile an aerárthaigh tar éis bordála le haghaidh eitilte go dtí an nóiméad a osclaítear aon doirse den sórt sin le haghaidh díbhordála tar éis na heitilte sin, agus
(ii) más tuirlingt éigin a dhéanann an t-aerárthach, aon tréimhse dá éis sin go dtí an t-am a ghabhann údaráis inniúla an stáit inar tharla an tuirlingt éigin freagracht orthu féin i leith an aerárthaigh agus i leith na ndaoine agus na maoine ar bord an aerárthaigh (is é sin, i gcás tuirlingt éigin sa Stát, an t-am a sroicheann comhalta den Gharda Síochána an áit tuirlingthe),
agus folóidh aon tagairt san Acht seo d'aerárthach ar eitilt tagairt d'aerárthach i gcaitheamh na tréimhse le linn di a bheith ar uachtar mara nó talún ach gan í a bheith laistigh de theorainneacha críche aon stáit.
(3) Beidh deimhniú faoi shéala an Aire á dheimhniú gur stát chonradh Tóiceo nó nach stát chonradh Tóiceo, de réir mar a bheidh, nó gur stát chonradh na Háige nó nach stát chonradh na Háige, de réir mar a bheidh, nó gur stát conarthach den dá chineál, nó nach stát conarthach de cheachtar cineál, de réir mar a bheidh, aon stát a shonraítear sa deimhniú sin aon tráth áirithe nó le linn tréimhse a bheidh sonraithe sa deimhniú sin, ina fhianaise go dtí go gcruthófar a malairt ar an bhfíoras a bheidh ráite amhlaidh.
(4) I gcás ina ndeir fógra chun an Stáit faoi Airteagal 18 de Choinbhinsiún Tóiceo nó faoi Airteagal 5 de Choinbhinsiún na Háige aon dá stát nó níos mó, ar stát chonradh Tóiceo nó stát chonradh na Háige gach stát díobh, a bheith—
(a) tar éis comheagraíocht oibríochta aeriompair, nó gníomhaireacht oibríochta idirnáisiúnta, a bhunú a oibríonn aerárthaí atá faoi réir a gcláraithe i gcomhar nó go hidirnáisiúnta, agus
(b) tar éis an stát acu a ainmniú i ndáil le gach aerárthach a oibrítear amhlaidh, arb é an stát cláraitheachta é chun críocha Choinbhinsiún Tóiceo nó Choinbhinsiún na Háige, nó an dá cheann acu, féadfaidh an tAire—
(i) a dhearbhú, le hordú, go ndéileálfar leis an aerárthach sin a dúradh (agus a shonrófar san ordú mar aon leis na stáit a bheidh luaite san fhógra) chun críocha an Achta seo agus Choinbhinsiún Tóiceo agus Choinbhinsiún na Háige nó ceachtar de na Coinbhinsiúin sin mar aerárthach atá cláraithe sa stát a ainmníodh amhlaidh (agus a shonrófar san ordú), agus
(ii) aon ordú faoin bhfo-alt seo a leasú nó a chúlghairm le hordú.
(5) Is tagairtí don Stát na tagairtí atá san Acht seo do stát cláraitheachta aerárthaigh i gcás aerárthach—
(a) atá cláraithe sa Stát de thuras na huaire, nó
(b) nach bhfuil cláraithe amhlaidh de thuras na huaire ach a chomhlíonann na ceanglais le hagaidh clárú sa Stát a shonraítear san Airteagal sin 7.
Feidhm an dlí choiriúil maidir le haerárthaí.
2.—(1) Aon ghníomh nó neamhghníomh ar chion faoi dhlí an Stáit é dá mba sa Stát a tharla sé, is é an cion sin é má tharlaíonn sé ar bhord aerárthaigh faoi urlámhas Éireannach agus í ar eitilt in áit seachas sa Stát nó os cionn an Stáit.
(2) Féadfar imeachtaí i leith cion faoin Acht seo nó i leith cion dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt (1) den alt seo a thionscnamh, agus chun gach críche teagmhasaí déileálfar leis an gcion mar chion a rinneadh, in aon áit sa Stát.
Cumhacht ceannasaí aerárthaigh duine a shrianadh.
3.—(1) Má bhíonn foras réasúnach ag ceannasaí aerárthaigh atá cláraithe i stát chonradh Tóiceo a chreidiúint go bhfuil duine tar éis nó ar tí aon ghníomh a dhéanamh ar bhord an aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt in aon áit—
(a) ar ghníomh é, dá mba sa stát ina bhfuil an t-aerárthach cláraithe a rinneadh é, ba chion faoin dlí atá i bhfeidhm sa stát sin, nó
(b) is contúirt nó a d'fhéadfadh bheith ina chontúirt—
(i) do shábháilteacht an aerárthaigh,
(ii) do shábháilteacht daoine nó maoine ar bhord an aerárthaigh, nó
(iii) do dhea-ord nó araíonacht ar bhord an aerárthaigh, féadfaidh an ceannasaí cibé bearta réasúnacha a fheidhmiú maidir leis an duine, lena n-áirítear srian ar a phearsa, ar bearta iad is dóigh leis le réasún is gá—
(i) chun sábháilteacht an aerárthaigh, nó daoine nó maoine ar bhord an aerárthaigh, a chosaint,
(ii) chun dea-ord agus araíonacht a choimeád ar bhord an aerárthaigh, nó
(iii) chun go bhféadfaidh an ceannasaí an duine a chur ó bhord nó a sheachadadh do chomhalta den Gharda Síochána sa Stát nó d'údaráis inniúla lasmuigh den Stát, de réir mar a bheidh, de réir forálacha an Achta seo.
(2) Chun críocha fho-alt (1) den alt seo, féadfaidh ceannasaí aerárthaigh—
(a) a ordú nó a údarú d'aon chomhalta eile d'fhoireann an aerárthaigh cúnamh a thabhairt, nó
(b) a iarraidh ar aon duine eile ar bhord an aerárthaigh, nó a údarú dó, cúnamh a thabhairt.
(3) Féadfaidh aon chomhalta d'fhoireann aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt, nó aon duine eile ar bord, gan ceannasaí an aerárthaigh á ordú nó á údarú sin dó ná á iarraidh sin air, aon bhearta réasúnacha a dhéanamh, maidir le haon duine ar bhord an aerárthaigh, a mbeidh foras réasúnach aige a chreidiúint gur gá iad a dhéanamh láithreach chun sábháilteacht an aerárthaigh nó daoine nó maoine inti a chosaint.
(4) Aon srian a chuirfear ar dhuine ar bord aerárthaigh faoin alt seo ní leanfar de tar éis an tráth a scoirfidh an t-aerárthach i gcéadóir de bheith ar eitilt agus a thabharfar an duine ar láimh do chomhalta den Gharda Síochána sa Stát nó d'údaráis inniúla lasmuigh den Stát, de réir mar a bheidh, mura rud é—
(a) gur i gcríoch stáit nach stát chonradh Tóiceo agus a dhiúltóidh cead a thabhairt an duine sin a chur ó bhord, don áit a scoirfidh an t-aerárthach i gcéadóir de bheith ar eitilt,
(b) gur cuireadh na bearta srianta i bhfeidhm le go bhféadfaí an duine a sheachadadh d'údaráis inniúla i stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh (is comhalta den Gharda Síochána i gcás an Stáit),
(c) gur tuirlingt éigin tuirlingt an earárthaigh agus nach féidir leis an gceannasaí an duine a sheachadadh d'údaráis inniúla (is comhalta den Gharda Síochána i gcás tuirlingt éigin sa Stát), nó
(d) go n-aontóidh an duine atá faoi shrian leanúint dá thuras faoi shrian ar bhord an aerárthaigh sin.
Dualgas ceannasaí aerárthaigh fógra a thabhairt don údarás iomchuí go bhfuil duine faoi shrian.
4.—(1) Tabharfaidh ceannasaí aerárthaigh, más féidir é sula gcríochnóidh sí a heitilt, agus, ar aon nós, a luaithe is féidir é tar éis di a heitilt a chríochnú, sa Stát agus duine ar bhord an aerárthaigh atá curtha faoi shrian de bhun alt 3 den Acht seo, fógra don údarás iomchuí—
(a) go bhfuil an duine sin faoi shrian,
(b) ag insint na gcúiseanna leis an srianadh sin.
(2) Tabharfaidh ceannasaí aerárthaigh faoi urlámhas Éireannach, más féidir é sula gcríochnóidh sí a heitilt, agus, ar aon nós, a luaithe is féidir é tar éis di a heitilt a chríochnú, i gcríoch aon stáit eile agus duine ar bhord an aerárthaigh atá curtha faoi shrian de bhun alt 3 den Acht seo, fógra don údarás iomchuí—
(a) go bhfuil an duine sin faoi shrian, agus
(b) ag insint na gcúiseanna atá leis an srianadh sin.
Cumhacht ceannasaí aerárthaigh daoine a chur ó bhord an aerárthaigh.
5.—(1) Má bhíonn foras réasúnach ag ceannasaí aerárthaigh, seachas aerárthach faoi urlámhas Éireannach, atá cláraithe i stát chonradh Tóiceo, chun a chreidhúint go bhfuil duine tar éis nó ar tí aon ghníomh a dhéanamh ar bhord an aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt in aon áit, cibé acu is cion an gníomh sin nó nach ea, ar gníomh é is contúirt nó a d'fhéadfadh bheith ina chontúirt—
(i) do shábháilteacht an aerárthaigh,
(ii) do shábháilteacht daoine nó maoine ar bhord an aerárthaigh, nó
(iii) do dhea-ord agus araíonacht ar bhord an aerárthaigh,
féadfaidh an ceannasaí, d'fhonn sábháilteacht an aerárthaigh nó daoine nó maoine inti a chosaint, nó d'fhonn dea-ord agus araíonacht a choimeád ar bhord an aerárthaigh, an duine a chur ó bhord i gcríoch an Stáit.
(2) Má bhíonn foras réasúnach ag ceannasaí, aerárthaigh faoi urlámhas Éireannach a chreidiúint go bhfuil duine tar éis nó ar tí aon ghníomh a dhéanamh ar bhord an aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt in aon áit, cibé acu is cion an gníomh sin nó nach ea, ar gníomh é is contúirt nó a d'fhéadfadh bheith ina chontúirt—
(i) do shábháilteacht an aerárthaigh,
(ii) do shábháilteacht daoine nó maoine ar bhord an aerárthaigh, nó
(iii) do dhea-ord agus araíonacht ar bhord an aerárthaigh,
féadfaidh an ceannasaí, d'fhonn sábháilteacht an aerárthaigh nó daoine nó maoine inti a chosaint, nó d'fhonn dea-ord agus araíonacht a choimeád ar bhord an aerárthaigh, an duine a chur ó bhord i gcríoch aon stáit.
Dualgas ceannasaí aerárthaigh fógra a thabhairt don údarás iomchuí gur cuireadh duine ó bhord.
6.—Tabharfaidh ceannasaí aerárthaigh, a luaithe is féidir é tar éis dó duine a chur ó bhord de bhun alt 5 den Acht seo, fógra don údarás iomchuí—
(a) go bhfuil an duine sin curtha ó bhord aige, agus
(b) ag insint na gcúiseanna faoin duine sin a chur ó bhord amhlaidh.
Cumhacht ceannasaí aerárthaigh duine a sheachadadh don Gharda Síochána nó d'údaráis inniúla.
7.—(1) Má bhíonn foras réasúnach ag ceannasaí aerárthaigh atá cláraithe i stát chonradh Tóiceo a chreidiúint gníomh a bheith déanta ag duine ar bhord an aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt in aon áit arb é a thuairim gur cion tromchúiseach é faoi dhlí coiriúil stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh, féadfaidh an ceannasaí, más sa Stát a chríochnóidh eitilt an aerárthaigh, an duine a sheachadadh do chomhlta den Gharda Síochána a luaithe is féidir tar éis don eitilt sin críochnú.
(2) Má bhíonn foras réasúnach ag ceannasaí aerárthaigh faoi urlámhas Éireannach a chreidiúint gníomh a bheith déanta ag duine ar bhord an aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt in aon áit arb é a thuairim gur cion tromchúiseach é faoi dhlí coiriúil an Stáit, féadfaidh an ceannasaí, más lasmuigh den Stát i gcríoch stát chonradh Tóiceo a chríochnóidh eitilt an aerárthaigh, an duine a sheachadadh d'údaráis inniúla an stáit sin a luaithe is féidir tar éis don eitilt sin críochnú.
Dualgas ceannasaí aerárthaigh fógra a thabhairt don údarás iomchuí go go bhfuil sé chun duine a sheachadadh.
8.—(1) Tabharfaidh ceannasaí aerárthaigh, más féidir é sula gcríochnóidh sí a heitilt, agus, ar aon nós, a luaithe is féidir é tar eis di a heitilt a chríochnú, sa Stát agus duine ar bord atá sé chun a sheachadadh do chomhalta den Gharda Síochána de bhun alt 7 (1) den Acht seo, fógra don údarás iomchuí—
(a) go bhfuil sé chun an duine a sheachadadh mar a dúradh, agus
(b) ag insint na gcúiseanna leis an seachadadh sin.
(2) Tabharfaidh ceannasaí aerárthaigh faoi urlámhas Éireannach, más féidir é sula gcríochnóidh sí a heitilt, agus, ar aon nós, a luaithe is féidir é tar éis di a heitilt a chríochnú, i gcríoch stát chonradh Tóiceo agus duine ar bord atá sé chun a sheachadadh d'údaráis inniúla an stáit sin de bhun alt 7 (2) den Acht seo, fógra don údarás iomchuí—
(a) go bhfuil sé chun an duine a sheachadadh mar a dúradh, agus
(b) ag insint na gcúiseanna leis an seachadadh sin.
Dualgas ceannasaí aerárthaigh faisnéis a thabhairt.
9.—Tabharfaidh ceannasaí aerárthaigh don duine dá seachadfar aon duine de bhun alt 7 den Acht seo an fhianaise agus an fhaisnéis go léir i dtaobh an ghnímh lena mbaineann seachadadh an duine de bhun an ailt sin a bheidh go dleathach ina sheilbh de réir dlí stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh.
Slánaíocht do cheannasaí aerárthaigh, etc.
10.—Ní bheidh ceannasaí aerárthaigh, comhalta d'fhoireann aerárthaigh, paisinéir in aerárthach, úinéir nó oibritheoir aerárthaigh ná aon duine a ndearnadh eitilt thar a cheann—
(a) faoi réir a chionaithe sa Stát in aon ionchúiseamh coiriúil. ná
(b) faoi dhliteanas damáistí sa Stát in aon chaingean shibialta.
a thionscnófar i leith aon bheart a rinneadh in aghaidh aon duine de bhun foráil de chuid an Achta seo.
Aerárthach a urghabháil go neamndhíeathach.
11.—(1) Faoi réir forálacha an ailt seo, i gcás duine ar bord aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt in aon áit—
(a) a dhéanfaidh go neamhdhleathach, le forneart nó le bagairt fornirt, nó le himeaglú de chineál ar bith eile, an t-aerárthach sin a urghabháil nó urlámhas a fheidhmiú uirthi nó a chuirfidh isteach ar urlámhas an aerárthaigh sin ar dhóigh ar bith eile, nó
(b) a thabharfaidh faoi ghníomh den sórt sin a dhéanamh nó a chabhróidh nó a neartóidh le duine a bheidh ag déanamh aon ghnímh den sórt sin nó ag tabhairt faoina dhéanamh, nó a chomhairleoidh nó a thabharfaidh chun críche go ndéanfar aon ghníomh den sórt sin,
beidh sé ciontach i gcion,
(2) (a) Faoi réir forálacha an ailt seo, duine a dhéanfaidh, ar bord aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt in aon áit, gníomh lena mbaineann an fo-alt seo beidh sé ciontach i gcion.
(b) San fho-alt seo ciallaíonn “gníomh lena mbaineann an fo-alt seo” gníomh foréigin arna dhéanamh, i ndáil le gníomh ar cion é faoi fho-alt (1) den alt seo, in aghaidh paisinéirí nó foireann an aerárthaigh áirithe agus ar chion indíotála é dá mba sa Stát a rinneadh é.
(3) Ní bheidh feidhm ag fo-alt (1) ná fo-alt (2) den alt seo—
(a) maidir le gníomh ar bhord aerárthaigh ar i gcríoch stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh dá háit turgabhála agus freisin dá háit tuirlingthe iarbhír, ná
(b) maidir le gníomh a dhéanfar ar bhord aerárthaigh ar stát é a stát cláraitheachta atá ainmnithe in ordú a rinneadh de bhun fógra a cuireadh in iúl don Stát faoi Airteagal 5 de Choinbhinsiún na Háige agus a bhfuil feidhm aige de thuras na huaire faoi alt 1 den Acht seo agus ar i gcríoch an stáit chéanna, is stát atá sonraithe san ordú sin, dá háit turgabhála agus freisin dá háit tuirlingthe iarbhír.
(4) D'ainneoin fho-alt (3) den alt seo, beidh feidhm ag fo-ailt (1) agus (2) den alt seo maidir le gníomh ar aerárthach, lena n-áirítear aerárthach stáit—
(a) más gníomh é ag duine is saoránach d'Éirinn nó ar sa Stát a chónaíonn sé de ghnáth, nó
(b) más gníomh é a rinneadh sa Stát nó os cionn an Stáit, nó
(c) más aerárthach faoi urlámhas Éireannach an t-aerárthach.
(5) Má thuirlingíonn aerárthach ar chríoch an Stáit tar éis eitilte agus go mbeidh cúis ag comhalta den Gharda Síochána a chreidiúint go bhfuil ar bhord an aerárthaigh duine a rinne cion faoi fho-alt (1) nó faoi fho-alt (2) den alt seo le linn na heitilte, féadfaidh an comhalta mar aon le haon chomhaltaí eile den Gharda Síochána dul gan bharántas isteach san aerárthach, agus féadfaidh aon duine mar sin a gheobhaidh sé san aerárthach a ghabháil gan bharántas.
(6) Mura saoránach d'Éirinn duine a ghabhfar faoi fho-alt (5) den alt seo nó mura sa Stát a chónaíonn sé de ghnáth,
(a) ansin, más eachtrannach é a bhféadfaí, faoin dlí a bhaineann le heachtrannaigh, diúltú cead a thabhairt dó teacht isteach sa Stát, measfar, chun críocha an dlí sin, gur eachtrannach é ar diúltaíodh an cead sin a thabhairt dó, agus
(b) féadfar é a choinneáil i gcoimeád ar feadh tréimhse nach faide ná 48 n-uaire a chloig agus ansin, faoi réir alt 12 den Acht seo, é a scaoileadh saor:
Ar choinníoll, áfach, nach scaoilfear é faoin alt seo má chúisítear i gcion faoi fho-alt (1) nó faoi fho-alt (2) den alt seo é sula mbeidh an tréimhse 48 n-uaire a chloig caite.
Feidhm Acht 1965 maidir le daoine a ghabhfar nó a sheachadfar faoin Acht seo.
12.—Aon duine a ghabhfar faoi alt 11 den Acht seo nó a sheachadfar do chomhalta den Gharda Síochána faoi alt 7 (1) den Acht seo measfar, ina theannta sin—
(a) más i stát lena mbaineann Cuid II d'Acht 1965 atá an t-aerárthach iomchuí cláraithe agus (más saoránach d'Éirinn é) mura bhfuil eiseachadadh an duine sin toirmiscthe le halt 14 den Acht sin, é a bheith gafa de bhun barántas a eisíodh faoi alt 27 den Acht sin, agus
(b) más in áit lena mbaineann Cuid III den Acht sin atá an t-aerárthach iomchuí cláraithe, é a bheith gafa de bhun barántas a eisíodh faoi alt 49 den Acht sin,
agus ní bheidh feidhm ag alt 15 d'Acht 1965 maidir le heiseachadadh duine lena mbaineann an t-alt seo.
Srian le caingean a thionscnamh i leith sárú ar dhlíthe áirithe.
13.—Ní fhorléireofar aon fhoráil san Acht seo mar fhoráil a bhronnann údarás nó a chuireann ceangal ar cheannasaí aerárthaigh ná ar aon duine eile inti aon bheart a dhéanamh i leith cion is inphionóis faoi dhlíthe de chineál polaitiúil nó i leith cion atá bunaithe ar idirdhealú cine nó creidimh, mura bhfuil sábháilteacht an aerárthaigh nó daoine nó maoine ar bhord an aerárthaigh i gcontúirt mar gheall ar na cionta sin.
Measfar nár tháinig daoine áirithe isteach sa Stát.
14.—I gcás duine is eachtrannach a bhféadfaí, faoin dlí a bhaineann le heachtrannaigh, diúltú cead a thabhairt dó teacht isteach sa Stát, a bheith sa Stát toisc amháin—
(a) gur cuireadh ó bhord aerárthaigh é de bhun alt 5 den Acht seo, nó
(b) gur seachadadh don Gharda Síochána é de bhun alt 7 den Acht seo, nó
(c) gur gabhadh é faoi alt 11 den Acht seo,
measfar, chun críocha an dlí sin, nár tháinig an duine sin isteach sa Stát.
Mainneachtain fógra agus faisnéis a thabhairt d'údaráis.
15.—Beidh ceannasaí aerárthaigh a sháróidh alt 4, 6, 8, nó 9 den Acht seo ciontach i gcion agus ar é a chiontú go hachomair dlífear fíneáil nach mó ná céad punt a chur air.
Pionós i leith cionta faoi alt 11.
1907, c.17.
16.—(1) Duine a bheidh ciontach i gcion faoi alt 11 den Acht seo dlífear, ar é a chiontú ar díotáil, príosúnacht lena shaol, nó príosúnacht ar feadh cibé téarma eile is cuí leis an gcúirt, a chur air.
(2) Ní fhionróidh cúirt pianbhreith a tugadh faoin alt seo.
(3) Ní bheidh feidhm ag alt 1 (2) den Probation of Offenders Act. 1907, maidir le cion faoi alt 11 den Acht seo.
Leasú ar alt 10 den Acht Aerloingseoireachta (Eurocontrol), 1963.
17.—Beidh éifeacht ag alt 10 den Acht Aerloingseoireachta (Euro-control), 1963 (a bhaineann le taifid a choimeád faoi ghluaiseachtaí aerárthaí agus le húsáid na dtaifead sin mar fhianaise), amhail is dá mbeadh tagairt do chion faoin Acht seo ar áireamh sa tagairt atá i bhfo-alt (1) (c) do chion.
Caiteachais.
18.—Déanfar na caiteachais a thabhóidh aon Aire Stáit ag riaradh an Achta seo a íoc, a mhéid a cheadóidh an tAire Airgeadais, as airgead a sholáthróidh an tOireachtas.
Gearrtheideal agus tosach feidhme.
19.—(1) Féadfar an tAcht Aerloingseoireachta agus Aeriompair, 1973, a ghairm den Acht seo.
(2) Féadfar na hAchtanna Aerloingseoireachta agus Aeriompair, 1936 go 1973, a ghairm den Acht seo agus de na hAchtanna Aerloingseoireachta agus Aeriompair, 1936 go 1965, le chéile.
(3) Tiocfaidh an tAcht seo i ngníomh cibé lá nó laethanta a cheapfar chuige sin le hordú nó le horduithe ón Aire go ginearálta nó faoi threoir aon chríche nó forála áirithe agus féadfar laethanta éagsula a cheapadh amhlaidh chun críocha éagsúla agus chun forálacha éagsúla.
AN CHéAD SCEIDEAL
Coinbhinsiún
um Chionta agus Gníomhartha áirithe Eile a Dhéantar ar Bord Aerárthaí
Tá NA STáIT is Páirtithe sa Choinbhinsiún seo
TAR éIS COMHAONTú mar a leanas:
Caibidil I—Réim an Choinbhinsiúin
Airteagal 1
1. Beidh feidhm ag an gCoinbhinsiún seo maidir le:
(a) cionta in aghaidh dlí phionósaigh;
(b) gníomhartha, cibé acu is cionta iad nó nach ea, a d'fhéadfadh bheith ina gcontúirt nó is contúirt do shábháilteacht an aerárthaigh nó daoine nó maoine inti nó is contúirt do dhea-ord agus araíonacht ar bord.
2. Ach amháin mar a fhoráiltear i gCaibidil III, beidh feidhm ag an gCoinbhinsiún seo i leith cionta nó gníomhartha arna ndéanamh ag duine ar bhord aon aerárthaigh atá cláraithe i Stát Conarthach, le linn don aerárthach sin a bheith ar eitilt nó ar uachtar na mara móire nó aon limistéir eile lasmuigh de chríoch aon Stáit.
3. Chun críocha an Choinbhinsiúin seo, meastar aerárthach a bheith ar eitilt ón nóiméad a fheidhmítear cumhacht le turgabháil go dtí an nóiméad a chríochnaíonn an rúid tuirlingthe.
4. Ní bhainfidh an Coinbhinsiún seo le haerárthaí a úsáidtear i seirbhísí míleata, custam nó póilíneachta.
Airteagal 2
Gan dochar d'fhorálacha Airteagal 4 agus, ach amháin nuair a dhlífidh sábháilteacht an aerárthaigh nó daoine nó maoine ar bord é, ní fhorléireofar aon fhoráil atá sa Choinbhinsiún seo mar fhoráil a údaraíonn nó a cheanglaíonn aon ghníomh a dhéanamh i leith cionta in aghaidh dlíthe pionósacha de chineál polaitiúil nó dlíthe atá bunaithe ar idirdhealú cine nó creidimh.
Caibidil II—Dlínse
Airteagal 3
1. Tá Stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh inniúil ar dhlínse a fheidhmiú ar chionta agus ar ghníomhartha a dhéantar ar bord.
2. Déanfaidh gach Stát Conarthach cibé bearta is gá chun a dhlínse mar Stát cláraitheachta ar chionta a dhéantar ar bhord aerárthaigh atá cláraithe sa Stát sin.
3. Ní eisiann an Coinbhinsiún seo aon dlínse choiriúil a fheidhmítear de réir dlí náisiúnta.
Airteagal 4
Ní fhéadfaidh Stát Conarthach nach é an Stát cláraitheachta é cur isteach ar aerárthach agus í ar eitilt d'fhonn a dhlínse choiriúil a fheidhmiú ar chion a rinneadh ar bord ach amháin sna cásanna seo a leanas:
(a) éifeacht a bheith ag an gcion ar chríoch an Stáit sin;
(b) gur náisiúnach nó buanchónaitheoir de chuid an Stáit sin a rinne an cion nó gur ina choinne a rinneadh é;
(c) gur cion é in aghaidh slándáil an Stáit sin;
(d) gurb é atá sa chion sárú ar aon rialacha nó rialacháin atá i bhfeidhm sa Stát sin i ndáil le heitilt nó le hinliú aerárthaí;
(e) gur gá dlínse a fheidhmiú chun a áirithiú go n-urramófar aon oibleagáid de chuid an Stáit sin faoi chomhaontú iltaobhach idirnáisiúnta.
Caibidil III—Cumhachtaí Ceannasaí Aerárthaigh
Airteagal 5
1. Ní bhainfidh forálacha na Caibidle seo le cionta ná le gníomhartha a bheidh déanta ag duine, nó a bheidh duine ar tí a dhéanamh, ar bhord aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt in aerspás an Stáit chláraitheachta nó os cionn na mara móire nó aon limistéir eile lasmuigh de chríoch aon Stáit mura i Stát seachas an Stát cláraitheachta don phointe deireanach turgabhála nó don chéad phointe eile a mbeartaítear tuirlingt ann, nó go eitleoidh an t-aerárthach ina dhiaidh sin in aerspás Stáit seachas aerspás an Stáit chláraitheachta agus an duine sin fós ar bord.
2. D'ainneoin forálacha Airteagal 1, mír 3, measfar chun críocha na Caibidle seo aerárthach a bheith ar eitilt aon tráth ón nóiméad a dhúntar a doirse seachtracha go léir tar éis bordála go dtí an nóiméad a osclaítear aon doras den sórt sin le haghaidh díbhordála. I gcás tuirlingthe éigin, leanfaidh forálacha na Caibidle seo d'fheidhm a bheith acu i ndáil le cionta agus gníomhartha ar bord go dtí go ngabhfaidh údaráis inniúla Stáit freagracht orthu féin i leith an aerárthaigh agus i leith na ndaoine agus na maoine ar bord.
Airteagal 6
1. Féadfaidh ceannasaí an aerárthaigh, nuair a bheidh foras réasúnach aige a chreidiúint go bhfuil duine tar éis nó ar tí cion nó gníomh a shamhlaítear in Airteagal 1, mír 1, a dhéanamh ar bhord an aerárthaigh, cibé bearta is gá agus is réasúnach, lena n-áirítear srian, a fheidhmiú ar an duine sin:
(a) chun sábháilteacht an aerárthaigh, nó daoine nó maoine inti, a chosaint; nó
(b) chun dea-ord agus araíonacht a choimeád ar bord; nó
(c) chun go bhféadfaidh sé an duine sin a sheachadadh d'údaráis inniúla nó é a chur ó bhord de réir forálacha na Caibidle seo.
(2) Féadfaidh ceannasaí an aerárthaigh a cheangal ar chomhaltaí eile den fhoireann nó a údarú dóibh cúnamh a thabhairt agus féadfaidh sé a iarraidh ar phaisinéirí nó a údarú dóibh cúnamh a thabhairt ach ní chuirfidh sé de cheangal orthu cúnamh a thabhairt chun aon duine a shrianadh atá sé i dteideal a shrianadh. Féadfaidh aon chomhalta den fhoireann nó aon phaisinéir, freisin, bearta réasúnacha coisc a dhéanamh gan údarás den sórt sin nuair a bheidh foras réasúnach aige a chreidiúint gur gá an gníomh sin a dhéanamh láithreach le sábháilteacht an aerárthaigh nó daoine nó maoine inti a chosaint.
Airteagal 7
1. Ní leanfar thar aon phointe ina dtuirlingeoidh an t-aerárthach de bhearta srianta a fheidhmeofar ar dhuine de réir Airteagal 6 mura rud é:
(a) gur i gcríoch Stáit neamh-Chonarthaigh don phointe sin agus go ndiúltóidh údaráis an Stáit sin cead a thabhairt an duine sin a chur ó bhord nó gur feidhmíodh na bearta sin de réir Airteagal 6, mír 1 (c), le go bhféadfaí é a sheachadadh d'údaráis inniúla;
(b) gur tuirlingt éigin a dhéanfaidh an t-aerárthach agus nach mbeidh ar chumas cheannasaí an aerárthaigh an duine sin a sheachadadh d'údaráis inniúla; nó
(c) go n-aontóidh an duine sin le hiompar ar aghaidh faoi shrian.
2. Tabharfaidh ceannasaí an aerárthaigh, a luaithe is indéanta é, agus más féidir é roimh thuirlingt i gcríoch Stáit agus duine ar bord a bheidh curtha faoi shrian de réir forálacha Airteagal 6, fógra d'údaráis an Stáit sin go bhfuil duine ar bord faoi shrian agus ag insint na gcúiseanna atá leis an srianadh sin.
Airteagal 8
1. Féadfaidh ceannasaí an aerárthaigh, a mhéid is gá é chun críche fhomhír (a) nó (b) de mhír 1 d'Airteagal 6, aon duine a mbeidh foras réasúnach aige a chreidiúint go bhfuil sé tar éis nó ar tí gníomh a áirítear in Airteagal 1, mír 1 (b), a dhéanamh ar bhord an aerárthaigh a chur ó bhord i gríoch aon Stáit ina dtuirlingeoidh an t-aerárthach.
2. Tuairisceoidh ceannasaí an aerárthaigh d'údaráis an Stáit ina gcuirfidh sé aon duine ó bhord de bhun an Airteagail seo go bhfuil an duine sin curtha ó bhord aige agus na cúiseanna lena chur ó bhord.
Airteagal 9
1. Féadfaidh ceannasaí an aerárthaigh aon duine a sheachadadh d'údaráis inniúla aon Stáit Chonarthaigh a dtuirlingeoidh an t-aerárthach ina chríoch a mbeidh foras réasúnach aige a chreidiúint gníomh a bheith déanta aige ar bhord an aerárthaigh arb é a thuairim gur cion tromchúiseach é de réir dlí pionósach Stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh.
2. Tabharfaidh ceannasaí an aerárthaigh, a luaithe is indéanta é, agus más féidir é roimh thuirlingt i gcríoch Stáit Chonarthaigh agus duine ar bord a bheartaíonn ceannasaí an aerárthaigh a sheachadadh de réir na míre sin roimhe seo, fógra d'údaráis an Stáit sin go mbeartaíonn sé an duine sin a sheachadadh agus ag insint na gcúiseanna atá leis sin.
3. Tabharfaidh ceannasaí an aerárthaigh do na húdaráis dá seachadfar aon duine faoi amhras ciona de réir forálacha an Airteagail seo fianaise agus faisnéis a bheidh, faoi dhlí Stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh, go dleathach ina sheilbh.
Airteagal 10
Ní bhreithneofar ceannasaí an aerárthaigh, aon chomhalta eile den fhoireann, aon phaisinéir, úinéir nó oibritheoir an aerárthaigh ná an duine a ndearnadh an eitilt thar a cheann, freagrach i leith aon bhearta a rinneadh de réir an Choinbhinsiúin seo in aon imeacht i ngeall ar an gcóir a cuireadh ar an duine ar feidhmíodh na bearta sin ina choinne.
Caibidil IV—Aerárthach a Urghabháil go Neamhdhleathach
Airteagal 11
1. Nuair a bheidh duine ar bord tar éis gníomh toirmisc, urghabhála nó feidhmiú éagórach ar urlámhas aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt a dhéanamh go neamhdhleathach le forneart nó le bagairt fornirt nó nuair a bheifear ar tí gníomh den sórt sin a dhéanamh, déanfaidh na Stáit Chonarthacha gach beart iomchuí chun urlámhas an aerárthaigh a thabhairt ar ais dá ceannasaí dleathach nó chun a urlámhas ar an aerárthach a chaomhnú.
2. Sna cásanna a luaitear sa mhír sin roimhe seo, tabharfaidh an Stát Conarthach ina dtuirlingeoidh an t-aerárthach cead dá paisinéirí agus dá foireann leanúint dá dturas a luaithe is indéanta sin, agus tabharfaidh sé an t-aerárthach agus a lasta ar ais do na daoine ar dleathach dóibh seilbh a bheith acu orthu.
Caibidil V—Cumhachtaí agus Dualgais Stát
Airteagal 12
Ceadóidh aon Stát Conarthach do cheannasaí aerárthach atá cláraithe i Stát Conarthach eile aon duine a chur ó bhord de bhun Airteagal 8, mír 1.
Airteagal 13
1. Glacfaidh aon Stát Conarthach seachadadh aon duine a sheachadfaidh ceannasaí an aerárthaigh de bhun Airteagal 9, mír 1.
2. Ar a bheith deimhin d'aon Stát Conarthach go ndlíonn na himthosca sin, tógfaidh sé i gcoimeád nó déanfaidh sé bearta eile lena chinntiú go mbeidh i láthair aon duine a mbeifear in amhras gníomh a shamhlaítear in Airteagal 11, mír 1, a bheith déanta aige agus freisin aon duine a mbeidh a sheachadadh glactha aige. Is mar a fhoráiltear i ndlí an Stáit sin a dhéanfar an coimeád agus na bearta eile ach ní leanfar díobh ach ar feadh cibé tréimhse is gá le réasún chun go bhféadfar aon imeachtaí coiriúla nó eiseachadta a thionscnamh.
3. Tabharfar d'aon duine a bheidh i gcoimeád de bhun na míre sin roimhe seo cúnamh chun teagmháil a dhéanamh láithreach leis an ionadaí cuí is cóngaraí de chuid an Stáit dar náisiúnach é.
4. Déanfaidh aon Stát Conarthach, dá seachadfar duine de bhun Airteagal 9, mír 1, nó a dtuirlingeoidh aerárthach ina chríoch tar éis gníomh a shamhlaítear in Airteagal 11, mír 1, a bheith déanta, réamfhiosrúchán láithreach faoi na fíorais.
5. Tar éis do Stát a bheith tar éis duine a thógáil i gcoimeád de bhun an Airteagail seo, tabharfaidh sé fógra láithreach do Stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh agus don Stát dar náisiúnach an duine coinnithe agus, más cuí leis, d'aon Stát leasmhar eile, go bhfuil an duine sin i gcoimeád agus na himthosca a dhlíonn a choinneáil. Déanfaidh an Stát a dhéanfaidh an réamhfhiosrúchán a luaitear i mír 4 den Airteagal seo a chinneadh a thuairisciú go tapaidh do na Stáit sin agus cuirfidh sé in iúl an mbeartaíonn sé dlínse a fheidhmiú.
Airteagal 14
1. Nuair a bheidh aon duine curtha ó bhord de réir Airteagal 8, mír 1, nó seachadta de réir Airteagal 9, mír 1, nó tar éis dul ó bhord tar éis gníomh a shamhlaítear in Airteagal 11, mír 1, a dhéanamh, agus nuair nach féidir leis an duine sin nó nach mian leis leanúint dá thuras agus go ndiúltaíonn an Stát tuirlingthe é a ligean isteach, féadfaidh an Stát sin, mura náisiúnach nó buanchónaitheoir de chuid an Stáit sin an duine sin, é a chur ar ais go dtí críoch an Stáit dar náisiúnach nó buanchónaitheoir é nó go dtí críoch an Stáit inar thosaigh sé a aerthuras.
2. Ní mheasfar gur ligean isteach i gcríoch an Stáit Chonarthaigh lena mbaineann, chun críche a dhlí maidir le daoine teacht isteach nó a ligean isteach sa Stát sin, cur ó bhord, ná seachadadh, ná tógáil i gcoimeád ná bearta eile a shamhlaítear in Airteagal 13, mír 2, ná aischur an duine a bheidh i gceist, agus ní dhéanfaidh aon ní sa Choinbhinsiún seo difear do dhlí de chuid Stáit Chonarthaigh a bhaineann le daoine a ionnarbadh as a chríoch.
Airteagal 15
1. Gan dochar d'Airteagal 14, aon duine a bheidh curtha ó bhord de réir Airteagal 8, mír 1, nó seachadta de réir Airteagal 9, mír 1, nó a bheidh tar éis dul ó bhord tar éis gníomh a shamhlaítear in Airteagal 11, mír 1, a dhéanamh, agus ar mian leis leanúint dá thuras, féadfaidh sé, a luaithe is indéanta é, dul ar aghaidh go dtí aon cheann cúrsa is rogha leis mura gceanglóidh dlí an Stáit tuirlingthe air bheith i láthair le haghaidh imeachtaí eiseachadta nó coiriúla.
2. Gan dochar dá dhlí maidir le daoine teacht isteach agus a ligean isteach ina chríoch agus maidir le daoine a eiseachadadh agus a ionnarbadh as a chríoch, cuirfidh Stát Conarthach ar cuireadh duine ó bhord ina chríoch de réir Airteagal 8, mír 1, nó ar seachadadh duine ina chríoch de réir Airteagal 9, mír 1, nó ar tháinig duine ó bhord ina chríoch agus amhras air gníomh a shamhlaítear in Airteagal 11, mír 1, a bheith déanta aige, cóir ar an duine sin nach 1ú córtas dá chosaint agus dá shlándáil ná an chóir a chuirtear ar náisiúnaigh de chuid Stáit Chonarthaigh ina samhail de theagmhais.
Caibidil VI—Forálacha Eile
Airteagal 16
1. Déileálfar chun críocha eiseachadta le cionta a dhéantar ar aerárthaí atá cláraithe i Stát Conarthach amhail is dá mba chionta iad a rinneadh, ní amháin san áit inar tharla siad, ach fós i gcríoch Stát cláraitheachta na n-aerárthaí.
2. Gan dochar d'fhorálacha na míre sin roimhe seo, ní mheasfar go mbunaíonn aon ní sa Choinbhinsiún seo oibleagáid eiseachadadh a dheonú.
Airteagal 17
Le linn aon bhearta fiosraithe nó gabhála a bheith á ndéanamh nó le linn dlínse a bheith á feidhmiú ar shlí eile ag na Stáit Chonarthacha i ndáil le haon chion a rinneadh ar bord aerárthaigh, tabharfaidh siad aird chuí ar shábháilteacht agus leasanna eile na haerloingseoireachta agus gníomhóidh siad sa chaoi nach gcuirfear moill gan ghá ar an aerárthach, ar na paisinéirí, ar an bhfoireann ná ar an lasta.
Airteagal 18
Má bhunaíonn Stáit Chonarthacha comheagraíochtaí oibríochta aeriompair nó gníomhaireachtaí oibríochta idirnáisiúnta a bheidh ag oibriú aerárthaí nach mbeidh cláraithe in aon Stát áirithe, déanfaidh na Stáit sin, de réir imthosca an cháis, Stát as a líon a ainmniú a áireofar, chun críocha an Choinbhinsiúin seo, mar Stát cláraitheachta agus tabharfaidh siad fógra ina thaobh sin don Eagraíocht Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta agus cuirfidh an Eagraíocht sin an fógra sin i bhfios do na Stáit go léir is Páirtithe sa Choinbhinsiún seo.
Caibidil VII—Clásail Chríochnaitheacha
Airteagal 19
Féadfar, go dtí an dáta a thiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm de réir forálacha Airteagal 21, é a shíniú thar ceann aon Stát is Comhalta de na Náisiúin Aontaithe nó d'aon cheann de na Sainghníomhaireachtaí ar an dáta sin.
Airteagal 20
1. Beidh an Coinbhinsiún seo faoi réir a dhaingnithe ag Stáit a shínithe de réir a nósanna imeachta bunreachtúla.
2. Taiscfear na hionstraimí daingniúcháin leis an Eagraíocht Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta.
Airteagal 21
1. A luaithe a bheidh dhá cheann déag de na Stáit a shínigh an Coinbhinsiún seo tar éis a n-ionstraimí daingniúcháin a thaisceadh, tiocfaidh sé i bhfeidhm eatarthu an nóchadú lá tar éis dáta an dóú hionstraim déag daingniúcháin a thaisceadh. Tiocfaidh sé i bhfeidhm do gach Stát a dhaingneoidh é dá éis sin an nóchadú lá tar éis a ionstraim dhaingniúcháin a thaisceadh.
2. A luaithe a thiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm, cláróidh an Eagraíocht Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta é le hArd-Rúnaí na Náisiún Aontaithe.
Airteagal 22
1. Féadfaidh aon Stát is Comhalta de na Náisiún Aontaithe nó d'aon cheann de na Sainghníomhaireachtaí aontú don Choinbhinsiún seo tar éis dó teacht i bhfeidhm.
2. Aontóidh Stát trí ionstraim aontachais a thaisceadh leis an Eagraíocht Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta agus glacfaidh an t-aontachas sin éifeacht an nóchadú lá tar éis dáta an taiscthe sin.
Airteagal 23
1. Féadfaidh aon Stát Conarthach an Coinbhinsiún seo a shéanadh trí fhógra a bheidh dírithe chuig an Eagraíocht Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta.
2. Glacfaidh séanadh éifeacht sé mhí tar éis don Eagraíocht Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta an fógra séanta a fháil.
Airteagal 24
1. Déanfar aon díospóid idir dhá Stát Chonarthacha nó níos mó maidir le léiriú nó feidhmiú an Choinbhinsiúin seo nach féidir a shocrú trí iomairliú a chur chun eadrána ar cheann de na Stáit sin á iarraidh sin. Mura bhféadfaidh na Páirtithe, laistigh de shé mhí ón dáta a iarrfar an eadráin, comhaontú ar eagrú na headrána, féadfaidh aon Pháirtí díobh sin an díospóid a tharchur chuig an gCúirt Bhreithiúnais Idirnáisiúnta trí iarratas i gcomhréir le Reacht na Cúirte.
2. Féadfaidh gach Stát, le linn an Coinbhinsiún seo a shíniú nó a dhaingniú nó aontú dó, a dhearbhú nach measann sé é féin a bheith faoi cheangal ag an mír sin roimhe seo. Ní bheidh na Stáit Chonarthacha eile faoi cheangal ag an mír sin roimhe seo maidir le haon Stát Conarthach a chuir coinníoll den sórt sin.
3. Féadfaidh aon Stát Conarthach a chuir coinníoll de réir na míre sin roimhe seo an coinníoll sin a tharraingt siar tráth ar bith trí fhógra chuig an Eagraíocht Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta.
Airteagal 25
Ach amháin mar a fhoráiltear in Airteagal 24 ní fhéadfar aon choinníoll a chur maidir leis an gCoinbhinsiún seo.
Airteagal 26
Tabharfaidh an Eagraíocht Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta fógra do na Stáit go léir is Comhaltaí de na Náisiúin Aontaithe nó d'aon cheann de na Sainghníomhaireachtaí i dtaobh na nithe seo a leanas:
(a) aon síniú a cuireadh leis an gCoinbhinsiún seo agus dáta an tsínithe sin;
(b) aon ionstraim dhaingniúcháin nó aontachais a taisceadh agus an dáta a taisceadh é;
(c) an dáta a thiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm de réir Airteagal 21, mír 1;
(d) aon fhógra séanta a fháil agus an dáta a fuarthas é; agus
(e) aon dearbhú nó fógra a rinneadh faoi Airteagal 24 a fháil agus an dáta a fuarthas é.
Dá FHIANú SIN, chuir na Lánchumhachtaigh thíos-sínithe, agus iad údaraithe go cuí, a lámh leis an gCoinbhinsiún seo.
ARNA DHéANAMH i dTóiceo an ceathrú lá déag de Mheán Fómhair Míle Naoi gCéad Seasca a Trí i dtrí théacs fhíordheimhneacha a tarraingíodh suas sa Bhéarla, sa Fhraincis agus sa Spáinnis.
Taiscfear an Coinbhinsiún seo leis an Eagraíocht Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta agus, de réir Airteagal 19, coimeádfaidh an Eagraíocht sin ar oscailt chun a shínithe é agus cuirfidh an Eagraíocht sin cóipeanna deimhnithe de go dtí na Stáit go léir is Comhaltaí de na Náisiún Aontaithe nó d'aon Sainghníomhaireacht.
(Sínithe thar ceann Stát áirithe anseo síos).
AN DARA SCEIDEAL
Coinbhinsiún
chun Cosc a Chur le hUrghabháil Neamhdhleathach Aerárthaí
Réamhrá
Tá NA STáIT is Páirtithe sa Choinbhinsiún seo
á BHREITHNIú DóIBH go ndéanann gníomhartha neamhdhleathacha lena ndéantar aerárthaí ar eitilt a urghabháil nó urlámhas a fheidhmiú orthu sábháilteacht daoine agus maoine a chur i gcontúirt, oibriú aersheirbhísí a mhórdhochrú agus muinín phobail an domhain i sábháilteacht na heitlíochta sibhialta a lagú;
á BHREITHNIú DóIBH gur ábhar mór imní é gníomhartha den sórt sin tarlú;
á BHREITHNIú DóIBH go bhfuil géarghá, chun cosc a chur le gníomhartha den sórt sin, le bearta iomchuí a fhoráil chun ciontóirí a phionósú;
TAR éIS COMHAONTú MAR A LEANAS:
Airteagal 1
Aon duine ar bord aerárthaigh agus í ar eitilt:
(a) a dhéanfaidh go neamhdhleathach, le forneart nó le bagairt fornirt, nó le himeaglú de chineál ar bith eile, seilbh a urghabháil ar an aerárthach sin nó urlámhas a fheidhmiú uirthi, nó a thabharfaidh faoi aon ghníomh den sórt sin a dhéanamh, nó
(b) is cúlpháirtí do dhuine a dhéanfaidh aon ghníomh den sórt sin nó a thabharfaidh faoina dhéanamh
beidh cion déanta aige (dá ngairtear “an cion” anseo feasta).
Airteagal 2
Gabhann gach Stát Conarthach air féin dianphionóis a ghearradh mar gheall ar an gcion sin.
Airteagal 3
1. Chun críocha an Choinbhinsiúin seo, measfar aerárthach a bheith ar eitilt aon tráth ón nóiméad a dhúntar a doirse seachtracha go léir tar éis bordála go dtí an nóiméad a osclaítear aon doras den sórt sin le haghaidh díbhordála. I gcás tuirlingthe éigin, measfar an eitilt a bheith ar bun go dtí go ngabhfaidh na húdaráis inniúla freagracht orthu féin i leith an aerárthaigh agus i leith daoine agus maoine ar bord.
2. Ní bhainfidh an Coinbhinsiún seo le haerárthaí a úsáidtear i seirbhísí míleata, custam nó póilíneachta.
3. Ní bheidh feidhm ag an gCoinbhinsiún seo ach amháin nuair is lasmuigh de chríoch Stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh ar ar bord uirthi a rinneadh an cion atá áit turgabhála nó áit tuirlingthe iarbhír an aerárthaigh sin; ní bhainfidh sé le hábhar ar ar eitilt idirnáisiúnta nó ar eitilt intíre don aerárthach.
4. Sna cásanna a luaitear in Airteagal 5, ní bheidh feidhm ag an gCoinbhinsiún seo más laistigh de chríoch an Stáit chéanna atá áit turgabhála agus áit tuirlingthe iarbhír an aerárthaigh ar ar bord uirthi a rinneadh an cion, i gcás inar ceann de na Stáit dá dtagraítear san Airteagal sin an Stát sin.
5. D'ainneoin míreanna 3 agus 4 den Airteagal seo, beidh feidhm ag Airteagail 6, 7, 8 agus 10 cibé áit ina dturgabhálfaidh an t-aerárthach nó ina dtuirlingeoidh sí iarbhír, má fhaightear an ciontóir nó an ciontóir líomhnaithe i gcríoch aon Stáit seachas Stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh sin.
Airteagal 4
1. Déanfaidh gach Stát Conarthach cibé bearta is gá chun a dhlínse a bhunú ar an gcion agus ar aon ghníomh foréigin in aghaidh paisinéirí nó foirne a dhéanfaidh an ciontóir líomhnaithe i ndáil leis an gcion, sna cásanna seo a leanas:
(a) nuair is ar bhord aerárthach atá cláraithe sa Stát sin a rinneadh an cion;
(b) nuair is ina chríoch agus an ciontóir líomhnaithe fós ar bord a thuirlingeoidh an t-aerárthach ar ar bord uirthi a rinneadh an cion;
(c) nuair is ar bhord aerárthach a léasaíodh gan foireann chun léasaí ar sa Stát sin atá a phríomh-áit ghnó nó, i gcás gan aon áit ghnó mar sin a bheith aige, a bhunáit chónaithe, a rinneadh an cion.
2. Mar an gcéanna déanfaidh gach Stát Conarthach cibé bearta is gá chun a dhlínse a bhunú ar an gcion i gcás an ciontóir líomhnaithe a bheith i láthar ina chríoch agus nach n-eiseachadfaidh sé é de bhun Airteagal 8 chun aon Stát dá luaitear i mír 1 den Airteagal seo.
3. Ní eisiann an Coinbhinsiún seo aon dlínse choiriúil a fheidhmítear de réir an dlí náisiúnta.
Airteagal 5
Na Stáit Chonarthacha a bhunóidh comheagraíochtaí oibríochta aeriompair nó gníomhaireachtaí oibríochta idirnáisiúnta a bheidh ag oibriú aerárthaí a bheidh faoi réir a gcláraithe i gcomhar nó go hidirnáisiúnta, ainmneoidh siad, ar mhodh cuí, as a líon, i ndáil le gach aerárthach, an Stát díobh a fheidhmeoidh dlínse, agus ag a mbeidh airíona, an Stáit Chláraitheachta chun críche an Choinbhinsiúin seo agus tabharfaidh siad fógra ina thaobh sin don Eagraíocht Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta, agus cuirfidh an Eagraíocht sin an fógra sin in iúl do gach Stát is Páirtí sa Choinbhinsiun seo.
Airteagal 6
1. Ar a bheith deimhin d'aon Stát Conarthach, a mbeidh an ciontóir nó an ciontóir líomhnaithe ina chríoch, go ndlíonn na himthosca sin, tógfaidh sé an duine sin i gcoimeád nó déanfaidh sé bearta eile lena chinntiú go mbeidh sé i láthair. Is mar a fhoráiltear i ndlí an Stáit sin a dhéanfar an coimeád agus na bearta eile ach ní leanfar díobh ach ar feadh cibé tréimhse is gá chun go bhféadfar aon imeachtaí coiriúla nó eiseachadta a thionscnamh.
2. Déanfaidh an Stát sin réamhfhiosrúchán láithreach faoi na fíorais.
3. Tabharfar cúnamh d'aon duine a bheidh i gcoimeád de bhun mhír 1 den Airteagal seo chun teagmháil a dhéanamh láithreach leis an ionadaí cuí is cóngaraí de chuid an Stáit dar náisiúnach é.
4. Tar éis do Stát a bheith tar éis duine a thógáil i gcoimeád de bhun an Airteagail seo, tabharfaidh sé fógra láithreach do Stát cláraitheachta an aerárthaigh, don Stát a luaitear in Airteagal 4, mír 1 (c), don Stát dar náisiúnach an duine coinnithe agus, más cuí leis é, d'aon Stáit leasmhara eile, go bhfuil an duine sin i gcoimeád agus na himthosca a dhlíonn a choinneáil. Déanfaidh an Stát a dhéanfaidh an réamhfhiosrúchán a luaitear i mír 2 den Airteagal seo a chinneadh a thuairisciú go tapaidh do na Stáit sin agus cuirfidh sé in iúl an mbeartaíonn se dlínse a fheidhmiú.
Airteagal 7
Beidh an Stát Conarthach ar ina chríoch a gheofar an ciontóir líomhnaithe, mura n-eiseachadfaidh sé é, faoi oibleagáid, gan eisceacht ar bith agus cibé acu ar ina chríoch nó nach ea a rinneadh an cion, an cás a chur faoi bhráid a údarás inniúil chun críche ionchúisimh. Déanfaidh na húdaráis sin a gcinneadh sa tslí chéanna ina ndéanfaidís i gcás aon ghnáthchion tromchúiseach faoi dhlí an Stáit sin.
Airteagal 8
1. Measfar an cion a bheith ar áireamh mar chion ineiseachadta in aon chonradh eiseachadta atá i bhfeidhm idir Stáit Chonarthacha. Gabhann na Stáit Chonarthacha orthu féin an cion sin a áireamh mar chion ineiseachadta i ngach conradh eiseachadta a dhéanfaidh siad le chéile.
2. Má fhaigheann Stát Conarthach a chuireann de choinníoll le heiseachadadh conradh a bheith ann iarratas ar eiseachdadh ó Stát Conarthach eile nach bhfuil aon chonradh eiseachadta aige leis, féadfaidh sé dá rogha féin a mheas gur bonn dlíthiúil le haghaidh eiseachadta i leith an chiona an Coinbhinsiún seo. Beidh an t-eiseachadadh faoi réir na gcoinníollacha eile a fhoráiltear le dlí an Stáit iarrtha.
3. I gcás Stáit Chonarthacha nach gcuireann de choinníoll le heiseachadadh conradh a bheith ann, féachfaidh siad ar an gcion mar chion ineiseachadta eatarthu féin faoi réir na gcoinníollacha a fhoráiltear le dlí an Stáit iarrtha.
4. Chun críocha eiseachadta idir Stáit Chonarthacha, déileálfar leis an gcion mar chion a rinneadh, ní amháin san áit inar tharla sé ach fairis sin i gcríocha na Stát a gceanglaítear orthu a ndlínse a bhunú de réir Airteagal 4, mír 1.
Airteagal 9
1. Nuair a bheidh aon ghníomh dá luaitear in Airteagal 1 (a) tar éis nó ar tí tarlú, déanfaidh Stáit Chonarthacha gach beart iomchuí chun urlámhas an aerárthaigh a thabhairt ar ais dá ceannasaí dleathach nó chun a urlámhas ar an aerárthach a chaomhnú.
2. Sna cásanna a shamhlaíonn an mhír sin roimhe seo, cuirfidh aon Stát Conarthach ina mbeidh an t-aerárthach nó a paisinéirí nó a foireann ar a ndeis do na paisinéirí agus don fhoireann leanúint dá dturas a luaithe is indéanta sin, agus tabharfaidh sé an t-aerárthach agus a lasta ar ais gan mhoill do na daoine ar dleathach dóibh seilbh a bheith acu orthu.
Airteagal 10
1. Tabharfaidh na Stáit Chonarthacha an oiread cúnaimh agus is féidir dá chéile i ndáil le himeachtaí coiriúla maidir leis an gcion agus na gníomhartha eile a luaitear in Airteagal 4. Is ag dlí an Stáit iarrtha a bheidh feidhm i ngach cás.
2. Ní bhainfidh forálacha mhír 1 den Airteagal seo le hoibleagáidí faoi aon chonradh eile, déthaobhach nó iltaobhach, a rialaíonn nó a rialóidh, go hiomlán nó go páirteach, comhchúnamh in ábhair choiriúla.
Airteagal 11
Tabharfaidh gach Stát Conarthach de réir a dhlí náisiúnta aon fhaisnéis iomchuí a bheidh ina sheilbh do Chomhairle na hEagraíochta Eitlíochta Sibhialta Idirnáisiúnta a luaithe is féidir i dtaobh na nithe seo a leanas:
(a) imthosca an chiona;
(b) an beart a rinneadh de bhun Airteagal 9;
(c) na bearta a rinneadh maidir leis an gciontóir nó leis an gciontóir líomhnaithe, agus, go háirithe, an toradh a bhí ar aon imeachtaí eiseachadta nó imeachtaí dlíthiúla eile.
Airteagal 12
1. Déanfar aon díospóid idir dhá Stát Chonarthacha nó níos mó maidir le léiriú nó feidhmiú an Choinbhinsiúin seo nach féidir a shocrú trí iomairliú a chur chun eadrána ar cheann de na Stáit sin á iarraidh sin. Mura bhféadfaidh na Páirtithe, laistigh de shé mhí ón dáta a iarrfar an eadráin, comhaontú ar eagrú na headrána, féadfaidh aon Pháirtí díobh sin an díospóid a tharchur chuig an gCúirt Bhreithiúnais Idirnáisiúnta trí iarratas i gcomhréir le Reacht na Cúirte.
2. Féadfaidh gach Stát, le linn an Coinbhinsiún seo a shíniú nó aontú dó, a dhearbhú nach measann sé é féin a bheith faoi cheangal ag an mír sin roimhe seo. Ní bheidh na Stáit Chonarthacha eile faoi cheangal ag an mír sin roimhe seo maidir le haon Stát Conarthach a chuir coinníoll den sórt sin.
3. Féadfaidh aon Stát Conarthach a chuir coinníoll de réir na míre sin roimhe seo an coinníoll sin a tharraingt siar tráth ar bith trí fhógra chuig na Rialtais Taiscíochta.
Airteagal 13
1. Beidh an Coinbhinsiún seo ar ocsailt chun a shínithe sa Háig an 16 Nollaig, 1970, ag Stáit a bhi páirteach sa Chomhdháil Idirnáisiúnta um Aerdhlí a comóradh sa Háig ón 1 go dtí an 16 Nollaig, 1970 (dá ngairtear Comhdháil na Háige anseo feasta). Tar éis an 31 Nollaig, 1970, beidh an Coinbhinsiún ar oscailt do gach Stát chun a shínithe i Moscó, i Londain agus i Washington. Aon Stát nach síneoidh an Coinbhinsiún seo sula dtiocfaidh sé i bhfeidhm de réir mhír 3 den Airteagal seo féadfaidh sé aontú dó tráth ar bith.
2. Beidh an Coinbhinsiún seo faoi réir a dhaingnithe ag Stáit a shínithe. Taiscfear na hionstraimí daingniúcháin agus na hionstraimí aontachais le Rialtas Aontas na bPoblachtaí Sóivéadacha Sóisialacha, le Rialtas Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann agus le Rialtas Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá, agus na Rialtais Taiscíochta a ghairtear leis seo de na Rialtais sin.
3. Tiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bheidhm tríocha lá tar éis an dáta a dhéanfaidh deich Stát a shínigh an Coinbhinsiún seo agus a bhí páirteach i gComhdháil na Háige ionstraimí daingniúcháin a thaisceadh.
4. Tiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm do Stáit eile ar an dáta a thiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm de réir mhír 3 den Airteagal seo, nó tríocha lá tar éis an dáta a thaiscfidh siad a n-ionstraimí daingniúcháin nó aontachais, cibé acu is déanaí.
5. Cuirfidh na Rialtais Taiscíochta in iúl go tapaidh do na Stáit go léir a shínigh an Coinbhinsiún seo agus a d'aontaigh dó an dáta a rinneadh gach síniú, an dáta a taisceadh gach ionstraim dhaingniúcháin nó aontachais, an dáta a thiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm, agus fógraí eile.
6. A luaithe a thiocfaidh an Coinbhinsiún seo i bhfeidhm, cláróidh na Rialtais Taiscíochta é de bhun Airteagal 102 de Chairt na Náisiún Aontaithe agus de bhun Airteagal 83 den Choinbhinsiún um Eitlíocht Shibhialta Idirnáisiúnta (Chicago, 1944).
Airteagal 14
1. Féadfaidh aon Stát Conarthach an Coinbhinsiún seo a shéanadh trí fhógra scríofa chuig na Rialtais Taiscíochta.
2. Glacfaidh séanadh éifeacht sé mhí tar éis do na Rialtais Taiscíochta fógra a fháil.
Dá FHIANú SIN, chuir na Lánchumhachtaigh thíos-sínithe, agus iad údaraithe go cuí chuige sin ag a Rialtais, a lámh leis an gCoinbhinsiún seo.
Arna dhéanamh sa Háig, an séú lá déag seo de Nollaig, míle naoi gcéad agus seachtó, i dtrí scríbhinn bhunaidh ar tarraingíodh suas gach ceann acu i gceithre théacs fhíordheimhneacha sa Bhéarla, sa Fhraincis, sa Rúisis agus sa Spáinnis.
(Sínithe thar ceann Stát áirithe anseo síos).