As Ann Déscrolláil
Cuir Déscrolláil ar siúl chun an dá leagan a scrolláil le chéile.
Uimhir 16 de 1964.
AN tACHT UM CHLÁRÚ TEIDIL, 1964
[An tiontú oifigiúil.]
CUID I
Réamhráiteach agus Ginearálta
Gearrtheideal.
1.—Féadfar an tAcht um Chlárú Teidil, 1964, a ghairm den Acht seo.
Tosach feidhme.
2.—Tiocfaidh an tAcht seo i ngníomh cibé lá a cheapfaidh an tAire Dlí agus Cirt le hordú.
Léiriú.
1891, c. 66.
1857, c. 60.
1872, c. 58.
1872, c. 57.
1888, c. 44.
1847, c. 32.
1842, c. 89.
1863, c. 88.
1854, Uimh. 25.
1850, c. 29.
1847, c. 32.
1869, c. 42.
1707, c. 2.
1844, c. 90.
1869, c. 42.
1879, c. 58.
3.—(1) San Acht seo, ach amháin mar a n-éilíonn an comhthéacs a mhalairt—
ciallaíonn “Acht 1891” an Registration of Title Act, 1891;
tá le “sannadh de bhun díola” an bhrí a thugtar dó le halt 24;
ciallaíonn “na hAchtanna Féimheachta” an Irish Bankrupt and Insolvent Act, 1857, an Bankruptcy (Ireland) Amendment Act, 1872, an Debtors Act (Ireland), 1872, agus an Local Bankruptcy (Ireland) Act, 1888;
tá le “an phríomhoifig” an bhrí a thugtar dó le halt 7;
tá le “tíolacas” an bhrí chéanna atá le “conveyance” sna hAchtanna Tíolactha;
tá le “tíolacas de bhun díola” an bhrí a thugtar dó le halt 24;
ciallaíonn na hAchtanna Tíolactha” na Conveyancing Acts, 1881 to 1911;
tá le “an chúirt” an bhrí a thugtar dó le halt 18;
folaíonn “diúscairt” aistriú agus muirearú;
folaíonn “muirear siltin” aon mhuirear is iníoctha faoin Landed Property Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1847, nó faoin Drainage (Ireland) Act, 1842, agus freisin aon mhuirear is iníoctha faoin Drainage and Improvement of Land (Ireland) Act, 1863, nó faoi aon Ordú sealadach faoin Acht sin a daingníodh go cuí, nó faoi aon Acht eile chun tailte a fheabhsú nó a shiltean.
ciallaíonn “ar marthain” ar marthain díreach roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo;
folaíonn “feo simplí” eastáit ar teachtadh faoi dheontais feofheirme agus deontais suthaineachta;
tá le “sean-choróinchíos” an bhrí chéanna atá leis san Acht Maoine Stáit, 1954;
ciallaíonn “talamh ruílse” talamh arb eastát i bhfeo simplí a lán-úinéireacht;
ciallaíonn “rialacha ginearálta” rialacha faoi alt 126;
tá le “eire” an bhrí chéanna atá le “incumbrance” sna hAchtanna Tíolactha;
ciallaíonn “morgáiste breithiúnais” mionnscríbhinn úinéireachta a cláraíodh faoin Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1850;
folaíonn “talamh”—
(a) talamh ar aon chineál tionachta;
(b) talamh faoi uisce;
(c) tithe nó foirgnimh nó déanmhais eile de shaghas ar bith agus codanna d'aon tithe, foirgnimh nó déanmhais den sórt sin, cibé acu go hingearach, go cothrománach nó ar dhóigh eile atá na codanna roinnte;
(d) mianaigh agus mianraí, cibé acu ar leithligh ón dromchla nó nach ea atá siad ar teachtadh;
(e) oidhreachtáin neamhchorpracha;
tá le “deimhniú talún” an bhrí a thugtar dó le halt 28;
ciallaíonn “Coimisiún na Talún” Coimisiún Talún na hÉireann;
folaíonn “muirear feabhsaithe talún” aon mhuirear le haghaidh iasachtaí feabhsaithe talún is iníoctha le Coimisinéirí na nOibreacha Poiblí in Éirinn faoin Landed Property Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1847;
folaíonn “na hAchtanna Talamh-Cheannaigh” an Irish Church Act, 1869, agus Achtanna Bhord na gCeantar Cúng (Éire);
tá le “Clárlann na Talún” an bhrí a thugtar dó le halt 7;
ciallaíonn “léas” aon chonradh tionóntachta agus folaíonn sé comhaontú le haghaidh léasa;
ciallaíonn “leas léasach” leas i dtalamh faoi léas ar feadh téarma blianta a bhfuil níos mó ná bliain is fiche díobh gan chaitheamh ar dháta an chláraithe, nach téarma chun airgead a urrú, i dteannta nó d'éagmais cúnaint athnuachana, agus folaíonn sé leas a theachtar ar cíos faoi léas saoil nó saolta, nó is infhoirceanta ar chríochnú saoil nó saolta, agus i gcás léas i seilbh agus léas frithdhílse a ghlacfaidh éifeacht i seilbh ar dhul in éag don léas céadluaite a bheith ar teachtadh amhlaidh ar dhóigh gur leis an duine céanna faoin gceart céanna an leas sa dá léas, measfar, sa mhéid go mbaineann siad le talamh a áirítear sa dá léas, go mbunaíonn na léasanna sin aon téarma comhleanúnach amháin i seilbh;
tá le “an oifig áitiúil” an bhrí a thugtar dó le halt 7;
ciallaíonn “an cláraitheoir áitiúil” an cláraitheoir contae do chontae ag gníomhú dó de bhua alt 10;
tá le “morgáiste” an bhrí chéanna atá leis sna hAchtanna Tíolactha;
ciallaíonn “ionadaí pearsanta” an seiceadóir, bunaidh nó trí ionadaíocht, nó an riarthóir do dhuine marbh;
ciallaíonn “seilbh” fáil na gcíosanna agus na mbrabús;
ciallaíonn an briathar “forordú” forordú le rialacha ginearálta;
ciallaíonn “clár” clár a chothabháiltear faoin Acht seo;
ciallaíonn “talamh cláraithe” talamh a bhfuil úinéir air cláraithe, nó a measfar é a bheith cláraithe, faoin Acht seo;
ciallaíonn “údarás clárúcháin” an Cláraitheoir nó cláraitheoir áitiúil;
ciallaíonn “an Cláraitheoir” Cláraitheoir na dTeideal;
ciallaíonn “Clárlann na nGníomhas” an oifig a bunaíodh leis an Acht um Chlárú Gníomhas, 1707;
ciallaíonn “Clárlann na mBreithiúnas” an oifig a bunaíodh leis an Judgments (Ireland) Act, 1844;
tá le “léarscáil chlárlainne” an bhrí a thugtar dó le halt 84;
ciallaíonn “achtacháin aisghairthe” na hAchtanna um Chlárú Teidil, 1891 agus 1942, a aisghairtear leis an Acht seo;
folaíonn “ceart” eastát, leas, cothromas agus cumhacht;
ciallaíonn “na hAchtanna um Thalamh Socraithe” na Settled Land Acts, 1882 to 1890;
tá le “socraíocht”, “talamh socraithe”, “tionónta saoil” agus “iontaobhaithe na socraíochta” faoi seach na bríonna céanna atá le “settlement”, “settled land”, “tenant for life” agus “trustees of the settlement” faoi seach sna hAchtanna um Thalamh Socraithe;
ciallaíonn “banna Stáit” banna ina ndeachthas le haon duine ag gníomhú dó thar ceann an Stáit, lena n-áirítear, gan dochar do ghinearáltacht an mhéid sin roimhe seo, banna ina ndeachthas leis an Aire Airgeadais faoi alt 39 den Acht Airgid, 1924, agus banna Corónach;
ciallaíonn “údarás reachtúil”—
(a) Aire Stáit,
(b) Coimisiún na Talún,
(c) Coimisinéirí na nOibreacha Poiblí in Éirinn,
(d) aon údarás áitiúil nó údarás poiblí, nó
(e) aon chuideachta nó comhlacht eile daoine a bunaíodh le haon achtachán nó faoi threorú aon achtacháin;
folaíonn “cíosmhuirear deachún” aon suim bhliantúil is iníoctha le Coimisiún na Talún faoi alt 32 den Irish Church Act, 1869;
ciallaíonn “talamh neamhchláraithe” talamh nach bhfuil úinéir air cláraithe, nó nach meastar úinéir air a bheith cláraithe, faoin Acht seo;
folaíonn “uacht” codaisíl.
(2) Chun críocha an Achta seo, aon eastát nó leas i bhfuíoll nó i bhfrithdhílse nár diúscraíodh le socraíocht agus a fhrithdhílsíonn don socraitheoir, nó a thiteann chun oidhre an tiomnóra, beidh sé ina eastát nó ina leas a chuimsítear in ábhar na socraíochta.
(3) San Acht seo, déanfar tagairtí d'aon achtachán a fhorléiriú mar thagairtí don achtachán sin arna leasú nó arna leathnú le haon achtachán eile, lena n-áirítear an tAcht seo.
(4) San Acht seo, aon tagairt de réir uimhreach a dhéantar d'alt is tagairt í don alt den Acht seo ar a bhfuil an uimhir sin mura gcuirtear in iúl gur tagairt d'Acht éigin eile í.
Caiteachas.
4.—Déanfar, a mhéad a cheadóidh an tAire Airgeadais é, na caiteachais faoina rachfar ag riaradh an Achta seo a íoc as airgead a sholáthróidh an tOireachtas.
Aisghairm.
5.—Déantar leis seo na hachtacháin a luaitear sa Sceideal a aisghairm a mhéad a shonraítear sa tríú colún.
Oifigigh, oifigí, cláir, ionstraimí agus doiciméid láithreacha a choimeád ar bun.
6.—(1) Gach údarás clárúcháin agus gach oifigeach eile atá ag gníomhú faoi na hachtacháin aisghairthe, leanfaidh siad de bheith ag gníomhiú amhail is dá mba faoin Acht seo a ceapadh iad.
(2) Gach oifig a bunaíodh faoi na hachtacháin aisghairthe, leanfar de bheith á húsáid faoin Acht seo.
(3) Aon chlár atá á chothabháil faoi na hachtacháin aisghairthe, beidh sé ina chuid den chlár iomchuí faoin Acht seo.
(4) Gach ionstraim agus doicimeád a rinneadh nó a eisíodh faoi na hachtacháin aisghairthe, má bhí siad i bhfeidhm díreach roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo, leanfaidh siad de bheith i bhfeidhm agus beidh bailíocht acu ionann is dá mba faoin Acht seo a rinneadh nó a eisíodh iad.
CUID II
Clárlann na Talún, Cláir, Údaráis Chlárúcháin agus Dlínse
Clárlann na Talún
An phríomhoifig agus oifigí áitiúla.
7.—(1) Beidh príomhoifig i gcontae-bhuirg Bhaile Átha Cliath (dá ngairtear “an phríomhoifig” san Acht seo) agus oifig áitiúil i ngach contae seachas Baile Átha Cliath (dá ngairtear “oifig áitiúil” san Acht seo).
(2) Is í an phríomhoifig an oifig le haghaidh chlárú na talún go léir sa Stát.
(3) Is iad na feidhmeanna a bheidh ag na hoifigí áitiúla cibé feidhmeanna a fhorordófar dóibh.
(4) Gairfear Clárlann na Talún den phríomhoifig agus de na hoifigí áitiúla i dteannta a chéile.
Cláir
Cláir úinéireachta.
8.—Cothabhálfar sa phríomhoifig—
(a) cláir—
(i) d'úinéireacht talún ruílse, agus
(ii) d'úinéireacht leasanna léasacha, cé is moite d'oidhreachtáin neamhchorpracha atá ar teachtadh i gcomhlán;
(b) clár d'úinéireacht—
(i) ar thalamh a chuimsíonn oidhreachtáin neamhchorpracha atá ar teachtadh i gcomhlán;
(ii) ar cibé cearta eile i dtalamh a bheidh forordaithe.
Údaráis Chlárúcháin
Cláraitheoir na dTeideal.
9.—(1) Beidh an phríomhoifig faoi bhainistíocht agus urlámhas oifigigh dá ngairfear Cláraitheoir na dTeideal.
(2) Is é an Rialtas a cheapfaidh Cláraitheoir na dTeideal agus beidh sé i seilbh oifige fad is toil leis an Rialtas é.
(3) Ní dhéanfar aon duine a cheapadh ina Chláraitheoir Teideal mura mbeidh sé tráth a cheaptha ina abhcóide dlí nó ina aturnae atá tar éis a ghairm a chleachtadh ar feadh deich mbliana ar a laghad.
(4) Chun críche fho-alt (3), measfar gur cleachtadh ar a ghairm é seirbhís ag abhcóide dlí nó aturnae i bpost sa Státseirbhís.
(5) Faoi réir an duine a cheapfar chun na hoifige sin a bheith ina shláinte tráth a cheaptha, beidh oifig Chláraitheoir na dTeideal ina hoifig inphinsin faoi na hAchtanna Aoisliúntais a bheidh i bhfeidhm de thuras na huaire, agus féadfar cibé aoisliúntas agus liúntais eile a dheonú do Chláraitheoir na dTeideal ar é a scor, nó dá ionadaí pearsanta ar é d'fháil bháis, a d'fhéadfaí a dheonú faoi na hAchtanna sin do Chláraitheoir sin na dTeideal dá mbeadh sé ceaptha chun poist bhunaithe sa Státseirbhís le deimhniú cáiliúcháin ó Choimisinéirí na Státseirbhíse.
(6) Sealbhóidh gach Cláraitheoir Teideal a oifig ar cibé téarmaí agus coinníollacha, agus gheobhaidh sé, as airgead a sholáthróidh an tOireachtas, cibé luach saothair, a ordóidh an tAire Airgeadais ó am go ham.
(7) Scoirfidh Cláraitheoir na dTeideal ar chúig bliana is seasca a shlánú dó, ach féadfaidh an tAire Dlí agus Cirt, le comhthoiliú an Aire Airgeadais, an aois scortha sin a fhadú, i gcás aon Chláraitheoir Teideal áirithe, go dtí aois ar bith nach mó ná seachtó bliain.
(8) Féadfaidh an Rialtas an duine a cheapfar faoin alt seo ina Chláraitheoir Teideal a cheapadh freisin mar Chláraitheoir na nGníomhas, agus má cheaptar amhlaidh é gairfear Cláraitheoir na nGníomhas agus na dTeideal de, ach leanfaidh na forálacha sin roimhe seo den alt seo d'fheidhm a bheith acu maidir leis ionann is dá mba rud é nár lean sé ach de bheith ina Chláraitheoir Teideal.
Cláraitheoirí áitiúla.
10.—(1) Faoi réir stiúradh agus urlámhas an Chláraitheora, beidh gach oifig áitiúil faoi bhainistíocht an chláraitheora contae don chontae ina bhfuil an oifig áitiúil, agus déanfar gnó na hoifige áitiúla in oifig na Cúirte Cuarda don chontae sin agus lena aghaidh.
(2) Beidh gach cláraitheoir contae (seachas an cláraitheoir contae do chontae-bhuirg agus contae Bhaile Átha Cliath) ina chláraitheoir áitiúil.
(3) Measfar gurb aon chontae amháin chun críocha alt 7 agus an ailt seo aon chontae agus contae-bhuirg a bheidh cónasctha chun críocha na Cúirte Cuarda.
Comhbhaint an Chláraitheora leis na cláraitheoirí áitiúla.
11.—Déanfar socrú le rialacha ginearálta chun comhbhaint an Chláraitheora leis na cláraitheoirí áitiúla, faoi seach, agus chun an t-urlámhas a bheidh le feidhmiú ag an gCláraitheoir ar gach cláraitheoir áitiúil, a chinneadh.
Oifigigh na príomhoifige agus oifigí áitiúla.
12.—(1) Beidh ag gabháil leis an bpríomhoifig agus le gach oifig áitiúil cibé oifigigh agus seirbhísigh, agus cibé líon díobh, a mheasfaidh an tAire Dlí agus Cirt, ó am go ham, le toiliú an Aire Airgeadais, a bheith riachtanach.
(2) Gach oifigeach agus seirbhíseach a bheidh ag gabháil leis an bpríomhoifig nó le haon oifig áitiúil, sealbhóidh sé a phost ar cibé téarmaí agus coinníollacha, agus gheobhaidh sé, as airgead a sholáthróidh an tOireachtas, cibé luach saothair, a ordóidh an tAire Airgeadais ó am go ham.
Oibriú cumhachtaí údarás clárúcháin.
13.—(1) Gach ceann nó aon cheann de na cumhachtaí agus na dualgais a bhronntar nó a chuirtear ar an gCláraitheoir sa cháil sin dó, nó i gcáil Chláraitheoir na nGníomhas dó, féadfaidh cibé oifigeach nó oifigigh eile a údaróidh an tAire Dlí agus Cirt chuige sin é a oibriú agus a chomhlíonadh.
(2) Gach ceann nó aon cheann de na cumhachtaí agus na dualgais a bhronntar nó a chuirtear ar aon chláraitheoir áitiúil leis an Acht seo nó faoi, féadfaidh cibé oifigeach nó oifigigh eile, dá mbeidh ag gabháil leis an oifig áitiúil iomchuí, a údaróidh an tAire Dlí agus Cirt chuige sin, é a oibriú agus a chomhlíonadh.
Táillí.
1879, c. 58.
14.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire Dlí agus Cirt, le toiliú an Aire Airgeadais, a shocrú, le hordú, cad iad na táillí a bheidh le glacadh i gClárlann na Talún chun críocha an Achta seo agus féadfaidh sé aon ordú den sórt sin a chúlghairm nó a leasú.
(2) Déanfar, chomh fada agus is féidir é, na táillí a shocrú ar dhóigh go dtabharfaidh siad suim bhliantúil is leor chun na tuarastail, an luach saothair agus na caiteachais eile a ghlanadh is iníoctha faoin Acht seo agus a bhainfidh lena oibriú.
(3) Aon fhoráil den Acht seo, nó de rialacha ginearálta, a cheanglaíonn nó a údaraíonn go mbeidh aon ní le déanamh nó aon deimhniú nó doiciméad eile le heisiúint, ag an gCláraitheoir nó i gClárlann na Talún nó aisti, forléireofar é mar fhoráil a cheanglaíonn nó a údaraíonn an céanna ar cibé táille a íoc a shocrófar le hordú faoin Acht seo.
(4) Ní bheidh aon táille iníoctha—
(a) ag Coimisiún na Talún as aon chlárú nó iarratas ar chlárú faoin Acht seo,
(b) ar aon iarratas chun úinéireacht a chlárú i gcás aon duine a ndearna Coimisiún na Talún talamh cláraithe a aistriú chuige nó a dhílsiú dó, má tá dualgas reachtúil ar Choimisiún na Talún an clárú sin a thabhairt i gcrích.
(5) Déanfar na táillí go léir is iníoctha faoin Acht seo a bhailiú agus a ghlacadh ar cibé modh a ordóidh an tAire Airgeadais ó am go ham agus íocfar isteach sa Státchiste nó cuirfear chun tairbhe dó iad de réir mar a ordóidh an Aire sin.
(6) Ní bhainfidh an Public Offices Fees Act, 1879, le táillí is iníoctha faoin Acht seo.
Séalaí oifigiúla.
15.—(1) Beidh séala oifigiúil ar leithligh ag an gCláraitheoir agus ag gach cláraitheoir áitiúil.
(2) Tabharfar aird bhreithiúnach ar na séalaí oifigiúla sin, agus aon ionstraim a airbheartóidh a bheith séalaithe le haon séala den sórt sin beidh sí inghlactha i bhfianaise, agus, más cóip í, beidh sí inghlactha ar an dóigh chéanna leis an ionstraim bhunaidh.
Cumhachtaí an Chláraitheora.
16.—(1) Faoi réir rialacha ginearálta, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, le toghairm faoina shéala, a cheangal ar gach duine is cuí leis teacht ina láthair maidir le clárú aon teidil.
(2) Féadfaidh sé, le toghairm dá samhail, a cheangal ar aon duine a bhfuil ina choimeád aon léarscáil, suirbhéireacht nó leabhar a rinneadh nó a choimeádtar de bhun aon achtacháin, an léarscáil, an tsuirbhéireacht nó an leabhar a thabhairt ar aird lena scrúdú.
(3) Féadfaidh sé aon duine a láithreoidh os a chomhair a cheistiú faoi mhionn agus é a chur faoi mhionn dá réir sin.
(4) Féadfaidh sé na caiteachais réasúnacha a bhain lena theacht i láthair a cheadú d'aon duine a chuir sé faoi thoghairm.
(5) Aon chaiteachais a cheadófar de bhun an ailt seo measfar gur muirir iad a ndeachthas fúthú in imeachtaí le haghaidh clárú, nó ina dtaobh, agus féadfar déileáil leo ar cibé modh a fhorordófar.
(6) Má dhéanann duine ar bith, tar éis toghairm faoin alt seo, nó cóip di, a sheachadadh dó, agus na caiteachais, más ann, a mbeidh teideal aige chucu, a thairiscint dó, faillí nó diúltú go toiliúil teacht i láthair de bhun na toghairme, nó cibé léarscáileanna, suirbhéireachtaí, leabhair nó doiciméid eile a thabhairt ar aird a gceanglófar air faoin Acht seo iad a thabhairt ar aird, nó freagra a thabhairt faoi mhionn nó ar dhóigh eile ar cibé ceisteanna a chuirfidh an Cláraitheoir air go dleathach faoi chumhachtaí an Achta seo, beidh sé ciontach i gcion agus, ar a chiontú go hachomair, dlífear fíneáil nach mó ná céad punt a chur air.
Imeachtaí ag an gCláraitheoir agus ina aghaidh.
17.—Féadfaidh Cláraitheoir na dTeideal agairt a dhéanamh agus beidh sé inagartha faoin ainm sin.
Dlínse na Cúirte
An chúirt.
18.—(1) Beidh dlínse chun críocha an Achta seo, ag an Ard-Chúirt agus, faoi réir forálacha an Achta seo, ag an gCúirt Chuarda agus déanfar “an chúirt” a fhorléiriú dá réir sin san Acht seo.
(2) Mura rud é go síneoidh na páirtithe riachtanacha sna himeachtaí, roimh an éisteacht nó aon uair lena linn, an fhoirm thoilithe a fhorordaítear le rialacha cúirte, ní bheidh dlínse ag an gCúirt Chuarda maidir le talamh ar mó ná £60 a luacháil inrátaithe.
(3) Is é an breitheamh don chuaird ina bhfuil an talamh, nó aon chuid de, a oibreoidh dlínse na Cúirte Cuarda chun aon ábhar maidir le talamh a éisteacht agus a chinneadh faoin Acht seo.
Achomharc chun na cúirte agus ceist a chur faoina bráid.
19.—(1) Féadfaidh aon duine a bheidh éagóraithe le hordú nó cinneadh a rinne an Cláraitheoir achomharc a dhéanamh chun na cúirte agus féadfaidh an chúirt an t-ordú nó an cinneadh a neamhniú nó a dhaingniú, le modhnú nó gan mhodhnú.
(2) Aon uair a bheidh amhras ar an gCláraitheoir faoi aon cheist dlí nó fíorais a éireoidh i gcúrsa aon chláraithe faoin Acht seo, féadfaidh sé ordú a dhéanamh ag cur na ceiste faoi bhráid na cúirte.
(3) In aon imeacht faoin alt seo, déanfaidh an chúirt, má iarrann an Cláraitheoir uirthi é, agus féadfaidh sí in aon chás, más gá sin, caomhnóir nó duine eile a cheapadh chun bheith ina ionadaí d'aon naíon, duine mímheabhrach, duine atá as láthair ón Stát, duine nár saolaíodh fós nó duine nach fios cé acu beo nó marbh dó; agus, más deimhin léi go bhfuil leasanna aon duine a gceapfar ionadaí dó amhlaidh á leorchosaint tríd an ionadaíocht, féadfaidh sí ordú a dhéanamh á dhearbhú go mbeidh an duine sin faoi cheangal dochloíte ag cinneadh na cúirte agus air sin beidh sé, faoi réir an chirt faoin Acht seo chun achomhairc le cead speisialta, faoi cheangal dá réir sin ionann is dá mba pháirtí é.
Ordú ón gCláraitheoir a chur i bhfeidhm ag an Ard-Chúirt.
20.—Má bhíonn duine ar bith easumhal d'ordú ón gCláraitheoir a rinneadh de bhun an Achta seo, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir an easumhlaíocht a dheimhniú don Ard-Chúirt, agus air sin féadfar an duine a bhí ciontach san easumhlaíocht, faoi réir a chirt achomhairc chun na Cúirte sin in aghaidh an ordaithe sin, a phionósú ag an gCúirt sin amhail is dá mba é ordú na Cúirte é ordú an Chláraitheora.
Údarás clárúcháin a bheith umhal d'ordú ón gcúirt.
21.—(1) Déanfaidh údarás clárúcháin de réir ordú cúirte dlínse inniúla maidir le talamh cláraithe.
(2) Féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, nuair is gá leis é, a iarraidh ar an gcúirt a rinne an t-ordú sin é a athrú nó treoracha a thabhairt maidir leis an modh ina ndéanfar dá réir; agus air sin féadfaidh an chúirt, tar éis cibé fógra, más ann, a ordóidh sí, an t-ordú sin a athrú ar cibé modh, nó cibé ordú nua a dhéanamh, is cuí léi.
Cumhacht na cúirte i gcaingean chun conradh a shainchomhlíonadh.
22.—Nuair a thionscnófar caingean chun conradh maidir le talamh cláraithe nó muirear cláraithe a shainchomhlíonadh, féadfaidh an chúirt a mbeidh an chaingean ar feitheamh os a comhair a chur faoi deara do gach páirtí nó d'aon pháirtí ag a bhfuil cearta cláraithe sa talamh nó sa mhuirear, nó a thaifid rabhaidh nó toirmisc in aghaidh an chéanna, láithriú sa chaingean agus cúis a shuíomh le nach ndéanfaí an conradh a shainchomhlíonadh, agus beidh ordú na cúirte sa chaingean ina cheangal ar na pairtithe sin nó ar aon pháirtí acu.
CUID III
Clárú Úinéireachta
Clárú Éigeantach
Clárú éigeantach.
23.—(1) Beidh sé éigeantach úinéireacht talún ruílse a chlárú sna cásanna seo a leanas—
(a) i gcás ina ndearnadh, nó ina meastar go ndearnadh, tráth ar bith, an talamh a dhíol le haon duine agus a thíolacadh nó a dhílsiú dó faoi aon fhoráil d'fhorálacha na nAchtanna Talamh-Cheannaigh nó d'Achtanna na Sclábhaithe, 1883 go 1962;
(b) i gcás an talamh a fháil, tar éis tosach feidhme an Achta seo, d'údarás reachtúil;
(c) in aon chás lena mbaineann fo-alt (2) d'alt 24.
(2) Beidh sé éigeantach úinéireacht leasa léasaigh a chlárú sna cásanna seo a leanas—
(a) i gcás an leas a fháil, tar éis tosach feidhme an Achta seo, d'údarás reachtúil;
(b) in aon chás lena mbaineann fo-alt (2) d'alt 24.
(3) Ní bhaineann forálacha an Achta seo maidir le clárú úinéireachta le heastát nó leas i bhfrithdhílse, i bhfuíoll nó i bhfeifeacht.
Clárú éigeantach a leathnú.
24.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire Dlí agus Cirt, le hordú, a fhoráil go mbainfidh an t-alt seo le haon chontae nó contae-bhuirg, nó le haon chuid den chéanna, lá a shonrófar agus dá éis sin, nach luaithe ná sé mhí tar éis an t-ordú a dhéanamh.
(2) I limistéar lena mbaineann an t-alt seo tiocfaidh clárú úinéireachta, mura bhfuil sé éigeantach cheana féin, chun bheith éigeantach—
(a) i gcás talún ruílse, nuair a dhéanfar tíolacas de bhun díola;
(b) i gcás leasa léasaigh, nuair a dhéanfar deontas nó sannadh de bhun díola i leith an leasa sin.
(3) Sa Chuid seo ciallaíonn “tíolacas de bhun díola” agus “sannadh de bhun díola” ionstraim a dhéantar de bhun díola ar airgead nó ar luach airgid agus a dtugtar nó a gcomhlánaítear dá bua teideal a bhféadfar iarratas ar chlárú mar úinéir a dhéanamh ina leith, agus folaíonn siad tíolacas nó sannadh i modh malairte ina n-íoctar airgead chun an mhalairt a chothromú, agus folaíonn siad freisin aon chonradh, comhaontú, coinníoll nó cúnant a bhaineann leis an maoin a chuimsítear sa tíolacas nó sa sannadh agus a ndeachthas faoi, nó a rinneadh, mar chuid den tíolacas nó den sannadh sin nó i ndáil leis.
An éifeacht a bheidh le neamhchlárú nuair atá clárú éigeantach.
25.—In aon chás ina dtiocfaidh clárú chun bheith éigeantach, ní bhfaighidh duine (seachas Coimisiún na Talún), faoi aon tíolacas de bhun díola i leith talún ruílse nó aon deontas nó sannadh de bhun díola i leith leasa léasaigh a fhorghníomhófar dá éis sin, an t-eastát nó an leas a n-airbheartófar é a thíolacadh, a dheonú nó a shannadh mura rud é, laistigh de shé mhí tar éis an tíolactha, an deonaithe nó an tsannta sin (nó cibé tráth is déanaí ná sin a cheadóidh an Cláraitheoir nó, i gcás diúltú uaidhsean, an Chúirt, in aon chás áirithe), go gclárófar é mar úinéir na talún ruílse nó an leasa léasaigh sin ach, ar é a chlárú amhlaidh, gabhfaidh a theideal siar go dtí dáta an tíolacais a fhorghníomhú nó dáta an deontais nó an tsannta, agus beidh éifeacht dá réir sin ag aon déileálacha leis an talamh roimh an gclárú.
Clárú ag Coimisiún na Talún.
26.—(1) I gcás aon talún lena mbaineann mír (a) d'fho-alt (1) d'alt 23 a díoladh le ceannaitheoir nó a tíolacadh nó a dílsíodh dó, nó a mheastar a díoladh leis nó a tíolacadh nó a dílsíodh dó, faoi na hAchtanna Talamh-Cheannaigh roimh an lú lá d'Eanáir, 1892, féadfaidh Coimisiún na Talún, ionas go gcuirfear clárú úinéireacht na dtailte in éifeacht, na sonraí forordaithe maidir leis an talamh agus ainm an duine a bhfeictear dóibh é a bheith ina sheilbh a chur chuig an gCláraitheoir, agus air sin déanfaidh an Cláraitheoir an duine sin a chlárú mar úinéir na talún.
(2) Faoi réir fho-alt (1), aon uair a dhílseoidh Coimisiún na Talún talamh do cheannaitheoir faoi na hAchtanna Talamh-Cheannaigh le hordú dílseacháin, nó le hionstraim eile, tabharfaidh siad láithreach don Chláraitheoir cibé doiciméid a bheidh forordaithe le haghaidh clárú, agus air sin déanfaidh an Cláraitheoir úinéireacht an duine a bheidh ainmnithe san ionstraim sin a chlárú, de réir forálacha an Achta seo.
(3) Déanfar, mura deimhin leis an gCláraitheoir gurb oircheas teideal iomlán nó teideal srianta a dheonú, úinéireacht gach duine a chlárófar amhlaidh a chlárú le teideal sealbhach.
(4) I gcás talún neamhchláraithe lena mbaineann fo-alt (2), beidh éifeacht ag na forálacha seo a leanas—
(a) measfar, ar dháta na hionstraime agus dá éis sin, an talamh sin a bheith ina thalamh cláraithe de réir bhrí an Achta seo agus bainfidh an tAcht seo leis an talamh sin dá réir sin;
(b) beidh an talamh sin, ar dháta na hionstraime agus dá éis sin, díolmhaithe ó na forálacha de na hAchtanna a bhaineann le Clárlann na nGníomhas.
Forálacha Ginearálta maidir le Clárú
Na haicmí úinéirí is féidir a chlárú.
27.—Féadfar duine a chlárú—
(a) mar lán-úinéir talún ruílse, is é sin le rá, mar thionónta i bhfeo simplí;
(b) i gcás talún ruílse socraithe, mar úinéir teoranta ar an talamh sin, is é sin le rá, mar thionónta sainoidhreach nó tionónta saoil nó mar dhuine a bhfuil cumhachtaí tionónta saoil aige faoi na hAchtanna um Thalamh Socraithe;
(c) mar lán-úinéir leasa léasaigh, is é sin le rá, mar an duine a bhfuil an leas léasach dílsithe dó i seilbh; nó
(d) i gcás leasa léasaigh shocraithe, mar úinéir teoranta an leasa, is é sin le rá, mar thionónta saoil nó mar dhuine a bhfuil cumhachtaí tionónta saoil aige faoi na hAchtanna um Thalamh Socraithe.
Deimhniú talún.
28.—Ar dhuine a chlárú mar úinéir talún, seachadfaidh an Cláraitheoir dó deimhniú san fhoirm fhorordaithe (dá ngairtear “deimhniú talún” san Acht seo) ar a theideal chun na talún.
Ceartú i gcás ordú dílseacháin a leasú.
29.—Nuair a dhéanfar ordú faoi alt 30 den Acht Talmhan, 1931, ag leasú ordú dílseacháin, déanfaidh an Cláraitheoir, ar chóip oifige den ordú a thaisceadh leis, an clár a cheartú de réir an ordaithe dhílseacháin arna leasú amhlaidh.
Diúscairtí agus taifid chalaoiseacha.
30.—(1) Faoi réir forálacha an Achta seo maidir le diúscairtí cláraithe ar chomaoin luachmhar, aon diúscairt a dhéanfar ar thalamh nó ar mhuirear ar thalamh agus a bheadh calaoiseach agus ar neamhní dá mba dhiúscairt neamhchláraithe í, beidh sí, d'ainneoin a cláraithe, calaoiseach agus ar neamhní ar an gcuma chéanna.
(2) Aon taifeadadh, scriosadh nó athrú a dhéanfar sa chlár le calaois, beidh sé ar neamhní amhail idir na páirtithe nó na hionpháirtithe uile sa chalaois.
An clár a bheith ina fhianaise dhochloíte.
31.—(1) Beidh an clár ina fhianaise dhochloíte ar theideal an úinéara chun na talún mar a bheidh ar taispeáint sa chlár, agus ar aon cheart, pribhléid, comhghabhálas nó ualach mar a bheidh ar taispeáint ann; agus mura ndearnadh calaois iarbhír, ní dhéanfaidh sé difear ar dhóigh ar bith don teideal sin fógra a bheith ag an úinéir sin faoi aon ghníomhas, doiciméad, nó ábhar maidir leis an talamh; ach ní chuirfidh aon ní san Acht seo isteach ar dhlínse aon chúirte dlínse inniúla i gcás a bheidh bunaithe ar an bhforas go ndearnadh calaois nó dearmad iarbhír, agus féadfaidh an chúirt ar an bhforas sin ordú a dhéanamh á ordú an clár a cheartú ar cibé modh agus ar cibé téarmaí is cóir léi.
(2) Ní dhéanfaidh sé difear do bhailíocht chlárú úinéireachta ar thalamh neamhchláraithe an duine a dtaispeánfar leis gur cláraíodh é mar úinéir a bheith tar éis bháis an uair sin, agus féadfar aon duine a chruthóidh chun sástacht an Chláraitheora go bhfuil teideal aige chun na talún a chlárú mar úinéir na talún.
Ceartú earráidí sa chlárú.
32.—(1) Má tharlaíonn sa chlárú aon earráid a túsaíodh i gClárlann na Talún (cibé acu trí mhíráiteas, míthuairisc, ligean ar lár nó eile é, agus cibé acu i gclár nó i léarscáil chlárlainné é)—
(a) féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, le toiliú úinéir cláraithe na talún agus cibé daoine eile ar dealraitheach go bhfuil leas acu ann, an earráid a cheartú ar cibé téarmaí ar a gcomhaontóidh na páirtithe i scríbhinn;
(b) féadfaidh an chúirt, más dóigh léi gur féidir an earráid a cheartú gan éagóir a dhéanamh ar dhuine ar bith, a ordú go gceartófar an earráid ar cibé téarmaí is cóir léi maidir le costais nó eile.
(2) Nuair a cheartófar earráid de réir na bhforálacha sin roimhe seo agus go dtarlóidh an earráid freisin sa deimhniú talún a seachadadh ar ócáid an chláraithe, eiseoidh an Cláraitheoir deimhniú talún nua san fhoirm fhorordaithe agus cealóidh sé an seandeimhniú agus chuige sin féadfaidh sé a ordú d'aon duine a bhfuil an seandeimhniú ina sheilbh aige é a sheachadadh don Chláraitheoir.
(3) Ní dhéanfaidh eisiúint an deimhnithe nua dochar d'aon éileamh liain ná d'aon éilimh eile air, agus gabhfaidh siad sin leis ionann is dá mbá é an seandeimhniú é, agus déanfar an eisiúint ar cibé téarmaí is cóir leis an gCláraitheoir maidir le costais.
Talamh Ruílse
Na cineálacha teidil a fhéadfar a chlárú.
33.—(1) Ar úinéireacht talún ruílse neamhchláraithe a chlárú, féadfar duine a chlárú le teideal iomlán, le teideal srianta nó le teideal sealbhach.
(2) Beidh iarratas ar chlárú indéanta ag cibé duine, agus déanfar é i cibé foirm, agus cuirfear ina theannta cibé fianaise ar theideal, a bheidh forordaithe.
(3) Iarrfar san iarratas clárú le teideal iomlán nó le teideal sealbhach.
(4) Déanfar an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir le teideal iomlán má thugann an Cláraitheoir formheas ar an teideal.
(5) Más rud é, i gcás iarratais ar chlárú le teideal iomlán, go bhfeicfear don Chláruitheoir nach féidir an teideal a bhunú ach ar feadh tréimhse teoranta nó faoi réir forcoimeádas áirithe, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, le taifead a chuirfidh sé sa chlár, aon cheart a eisceadh ó éifeacht an chláraithe más ceart é—
(a) a thig roimh dháta sonraithe, nó
(b) a thig de bhun ionstraime sonraithe, nó
(c) a thuairiscítear go sonrach ar dhóigh eile sa chlár,
agus gairfear teideal srianta den teideal a chlárófar faoi réir aon eisceachta den sórt sin. Nuair nach bhfuil clárú na húinéireachta éigeantach, ní oibreoidh an Cláraitheoir a chumhachtaí faoin bhfo-alt seo gan toiliú an iarratasóra.
(6) Féadfar an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir le teideal sealbhach ar é do thabhairt cibé fianaise teidil a bheidh forordaithe.
(7) Más rud é, i gcás iarratais ar chlárú le teideal iomlán, nach deimhin leis an gCláraitheoir gurbh oircheas teideal iomlán nó teideal srianta a dheonú, féadfaidh sé an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir le teideal sealbhach. Nuair nach bhfuil clárú na húinéireachta éigeantach, ní oibreoidh an Cláraitheoir a chumhachtaí faoin bhfo-alt seo gan toiliú an iarratasóra.
(8) Más rud é, i gcás iarratais ar chlárú le teideal sealbhach, gur deimhin leis an gCláraitheoir gurbh oircheas teideal iomlán nó teideal srianta a dheonú, féadfaidh sé an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir le teideal den sórt sin, cibé acu a thoileoidh an t-iarratasóir chuige nó nach dtoileoidh.
Clárú ualaí.
34.—Ar úinéireacht talún ruílse a chéadchlárú, taifeadfaidh an Cláraitheoir sa chlár gach ualach a léirítear de thoradh scrúdú an teidil a bheith ag luí ar an talamh, ach amháin na hualaí sin a bhfuil an talamh faoina réir, cé nach bhfuil siad cláraithe, de bhua alt 72.
Clárú faoi réir cothromas nó saor ó chothromais.
35.—Más rud é, díreach roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo, gur nótaíodh clárú ar úinéireacht talún ruílse a bheith faoi réir aon cheart nó cothromas, de bhun fho-alt (3) d'alt 29 d'Acht 1891, measfar gur teideal sealbhach an teideal chun na talún. Mura ndearnadh nótú amhlaidh, measfar, faoi réir alt 36, gur teideal iomlán an teideal.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag clárú roimhe seo le teideal srianta nó sealbhach.
36.—Más rud é, díreach roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo, gur le teideal srianta nó teideal sealbhach a cláraíodh úinéireacht talún ruílse, measfar gur teideal srianta nó teideal sealbhach, cibé acu é, de réir bhrí an Achta seo, an teideal chun na talún.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag clárú le teideal iomlán.
37.—(1) Ar dhuine a chlárú mar lán-úinéir talún ruílse le teideal iomlán, dílseoidh eastát i bhfeo simplí sa talamh, maille leis na cearta, na pribhléidí agus na comhghabhálais go léir, sainráite nó intuigthe, a bhaineann nó atá comhghabhálach leis sin, don duine a chlárófar amhlaidh.
(2) Ar dhuine a chlárú mar úinéir teoranta talún ruílse le teideal iomlán, dílseoidh eastát i bhfeo simplí sa talamh, maille leis na cearta, na pribhléidí agus na comhghabhálais go léir, sainráite nó intuigthe, a bhaineann nó atá comhghabhálach leis sin, don duine a chlárófar amhlaidh agus do na daoine eile atá i dteideal na n-eastát agus na leasanna leithleacha a chuimsítear in ábhar na socraíochta go comhchoiteann de réir na n-eastát agus na leasanna sin faoi seach.
(3) I gceachtar cás, beidh eastát an úinéara chláraithe—
(a) faoi réir na n-ualaí, más ann, a chlárófar mar ualaí a luíonn ar an talamh, agus
(b) faoi réir na n-ualaí a bhfuil an talamh faoina réir, cé nach bhfuil siad cláraithe, de bhua alt 72,
ach beidh sé saor ó gach ceart eile, lena n-áirítear cearta an Stáit.
(4) Más mar iontaobhaí atá an talamh ar teachtadh ag an úinéir cláraithe, ní dhéanfaidh aon ní san alt seo difear dá dhualgais ná dá dhliteanais mar iontaobhaí den sórt sin.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag clárú le teideal sealbhach.
38.—(1) Ní dhéanfaidh clárú duine mar lán-úinéir nó úinéir teoranta céadchláraithe ar thalamh ruílse le teideal sealbhach difear ná dochar do chur i bhfeidhm aon chirt atá i gcodarsna le teideal an duine sin nó a bhaineann óna theideal agus a mhaireann, nó is féidir a theacht, tráth an chláraithe, ach, lasmuigh dá bhfuil ráite, beidh an éifeacht chéanna aige a bheadh ag clárú le teideal iomlán.
(2) Folaíonn “ceart” i bhfo-alt (1) aon chearta nó cothromais atá ar marthain toisc go meastar leas an úinéara sin a bheith ina ghreamacht ar a leas roimhe sin sa talamh, agus folóidh tagairt in aon achtachán eile do thalamh a cláraíodh faoi réir cothromas talamh a bhfuil a chlárú faoi réir aon cheart nó cothromas den sórt sin de bhua an fho-ailt sin.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag clárú le teideal srianta.
39.—Beidh an éifeacht chéanna ag clárú duine mar lán-úinéir nó úinéir teoranta céadchláraithe ar thalamh ruílse le teideal srianta agus a bheadh ag clárú le teideal iomlán, ach nach ndéanfaidh clárú le teideal srianta difear ná dochar do chur i bhfeidhm aon chirt a léirítear sa chlár a bheith eiscthe.
Leasanna Léasacha
Na cineálacha teidil a fhéadfar a chlárú.
40.—(1) Ar úinéireacht leasa léasaigh neamhchláraithe a chlárú, féadfar duine a chlárú le teideal iomlán, le teideal léasach bailí, le teideal srianta nó le teideal sealbhach.
(2) Beidh iarratas ar chlárú indéanta ag cibé duine, agus déanfar é i cibé foirm, agus cuirfear ina theannta cibé fianaise ar theideal, a bheidh forordaithe.
(3) Iarrfar san iarratas clárú le teideal iomlán, le teideal léasach bailí nó le teideal sealbhach.
(4) Déanfar an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir le teideal iomlán má thugann an Cláraitheoir formheas ar an teideal chun an leasa léasaigh agus chun an eastáit ruílse, agus chun aon leasa léasaigh idirmheánaigh a dtarlódh dó bheith ann.
(5) Déanfar an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir le teideal léasach bailí má thugann an Cláraitheoir formheas ar theideal chun an leasa léasaigh.
(6) Más rud é, i gcás iarratais ar chlárú le teideal iomlán nó le teideal léasach bailí, go bhfeicfear don Chláraitheoir nach féidir an teideal, ag an léasóir chun na frithdhílse nó ag an léasaí chun an leasa léasaigh, a bhunú ach ar feadh tréimhse teoranta nó faoi réir forcoimeádas áirithe, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, le taifead a chuirfidh sé sa chlár, aon cheart a eisceadh ó éifeacht an chláraithe más ceart é—
(a) a thig roimh dháta sonraithe, nó
(b) a thig de bhun ionstraime sonraithe, nó
(c) a thuairiscítear go sonrach ar dhóigh eile sa chlár,
agus gairfear teideal srianta de theideal a chlárófar faoi réir aon eisceachta den sórt sin. Nuair nach bhfuil clárú na húinéireachta éigeantach, ní oibreoidh an Cláraitheoir a chumhachtaí faoin bhfo-alt seo gan toiliú an iarratasóra.
(7) Féadfar an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir le teideal sealbhach ar é do thabhairt cibé fianaise teidil a bheidh forordaithe.
(8) Más rud é, i gcás iarratais ar chlárú le teideal iomlán nó le teideal léasach bailí, nach deimhin leis an gCláraitheoir gurbh oircheas teideal iomlán, nó teideal léasach bailí nó teideal srianta a dheonú, féadfaidh sé an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir le teideal sealbhach. Nuair nach bhfuil clárú na húinéireachta éigeantach, ní oibreoidh an Cláraitheoir a chumhachtaí faoin bhfo-alt seo gan toiliú an iarratasóra.
(9) Más rud é, i gcás iarratais ar chlárú le teideal sealbhach, gur deimhin leis an gCláraitheoir gurbh oircheas teideal iomlán, teideal léasach bailí nó teideal srianta a dheonú, féadfaidh sé an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir le teideal den sórt sin, cibé acu a thoileoidh an t-iarratasóir chuige nó nach dtoileoidh.
Clárú ualaí.
41.—Ar úinéireacht leasa léasaigh a chéadchlárú, taifeadfaidh an Cláraitheoir sa chlár gach ualach a léirítear de thoradh scrúdú an teidil a bheith ag baint leis an leas, ach amháin na hualaí sin a bhfuil an leas faoina réir, cé nach bhfuil siad cláraithe, de bhua alt 72.
Clárú roimhe seo le nóta, agus gan nóta, i dtaobh teideal an léasóra.
42.—Más rud é, díreach roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo, go raibh nóta sa chlárú ar úinéireacht leasa léasaigh á chur in iúl go ndearnadh imscrúdú ar theideal an léasóra chun an léas a thabhairt, agus go bhfuarthas go raibh sé slán agus bailí, measfar gur teideal iomlán é an teideal chun an leasa léasaigh. Mura bhfuil aon nóta den sórt sin ann, measfar, faoi réir alt 43, gur teideal léasach bailí an teideal.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag clárú roimhe seo le teideal srianta nó sealbhach.
43.—Más rud é, díreach roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo, gur le teideal srianta nó teideal sealbhach a cláraíodh úinéireacht leasa léasaigh, measfar gur teideal srianta nó teideal sealbhach, cibé acu é, de réir bhrí an Achta seo, an teideal chun na talún.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag clárú le teideal iomlán.
44.—(1) Ar dhuine a chlárú mar lán-úinéir leasa léasaigh le teideal iomlán, dílseoidh an leas léasach, maille leis na cearta, na pribhléidí agus na comhghabhálais go léir, sainráite nó intuigthe, a ghabhann leis, don duine a chlárófar amhlaidh.
(2) Ar dhuine a chlárú mar úinéir teoranta leasa léasaigh le teideal iomlán, dílseoidh an leas léasach, maille leis na cearta, na pribhléidí agus na comhghabhálais go léir, sainráite nó intuigthe, a ghabhann leis, don duine a chlárófar amhlaidh agus do na daoine eile atá i dteideal na n-eastát agus na leasanna leithleacha a chuimsítear in ábhar na socraíochta go comhchoiteann, de réir na n-eastát agus na leasanna sin faoi seach.
(3) I gceachtar cás, beidh leas an úinéara chláraithe—
(a) faoi réir na n-ualaí, más ann, a chlárófar mar ualaí a luíonn ar an leas,
(b) faoi réir na n-ualaí a bhfuil an leas faoina réir, cé nach bhfuil siad cláraithe, de bhua alt 72, agus
(c) faoi réir gach cúnaint, oibleagáide agus dliteanais, sainráite agus intuigthe, atá foghabhálach leis an leas cláraithe,
ach beidh sé saor ó gach ceart eile, lena n-áirítear cearta an Stáit.
(4) Más mar iontaobhaí atá an leas ar teachtadh ag an úinéir cláraithe, ní dhéanfaidh aon ní san alt seo difear dá dhualgais ná dá dhliteanais mar iontaobhaí den sórt sin.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag clárú le teideal léasach bailí.
45.—Ní dhéanfaidh clárú duine mar lán-úinéir nó úinéir teoranta céadchláraithe leasa léasaigh le teideal léasach bailí difear ná dochar do chur i bhfeidhm aon chirt atá i gcodarsna le teideal an léasóra nó a bhaineann óna theideal chun an léas a dheonú, ach, lasmuigh dá bhfuil ráite, beidh an éifeacht chéanna aige a bheadh ag clárú le teideal iomlán.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag clárú le teideal sealbhach.
46.—Ní dhéanfaidh clárú duine mar lán-úinéir nó úinéir teoranta céadchláraithe ar leas léasach le teideal sealbhach difear ná dochar do chur i bhfeidhm aon chirt (cibé acu i leith teideal an léasóra nó eile é) atá i gcodarsna le teideal an duine sin nó a bhaineann óna theideal agus a mhaireann, nó is féidir a theacht, tráth an chláraithe, ach, lasmuigh dá bhfuil ráite, beidh an éifeacht chéanna aige a bheadh ag clárú le teideal iomlán.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag clárú le teideal srianta.
47.—Ní dhéanfaidh clárú duine lán-úinéir nó úinéir teoranta céadchláraithe ar leas léasach le teideal srianta difear ná dochar do chur i bhfeidhm aon chirt a léirítear sa chlár a bheith eiscthe, ach, lasmuigh dá bhfuil ráite, beidh an éifeacht chéanna aige a bheadh ag clárú le teideal iomlán nó le teideal léasach bailí, cibé acu é.
Talamh a aistriú ó chlár na léasaithe go clár na ruílseach.
48.—Nuair a dhéanfar leas léasach cláraithe a chomhshó faoi fhorálacha aon Achta ina dheontas feofheirme nó ina dheontas go suthaineacht, cuirfidh an Cláraitheoir nóta ar an gclár ar an modh forordaithe go ndearnadh an comhshó sin, agus déanfar socrú le rialacha ginearálta chun talamh a aistriú, tar éis an scrúdaithe fhorordaithe ar an teideal, ó chlár na n-úinéirí leasanna léasacha go clár na n-úinéirí talún ruílse, ach, go dtí go ndéanfar an t-aistriú sin, ní bheidh ag úinéir cláraithe an leasa léasaigh, faoi fhorálacha an Achta seo, aon teideal breise ná aon teideal eile chun na talún thar mar a bheadh aige dá mba rud é nár comhshódh an leas léasach amhlaidh.
Teideal faoi Reacht na dTréimhsí
Clárú teidil a fuarthas de dhroim seilbhe.
49.—(1) Faoi réir forálacha an ailt seo, bainfidh Reacht na dTréimhsí, 1957, le talamh cláraithe faoi mar a bhaineann sé le talamh neamhchláraithe.
(2) Má éilíonn aon duine go bhfuair sé teideal de dhroim seilbhe chun talún cláraithe, féadfaidh sé a iarraidh ar an gCláraitheoir é a chlárú mar úinéir na talún, agus féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, más deimhin leis go bhfuil an teideal faighte ag an iarratasóir, a chur faoi deara go gclárófar an t-iarratasóir mar úinéir na talún le teideal iomlán, le teideal léasach bailí, le teideal sealbhach nó le teideal srianta, de réir mar is gá sa chás, ach gan dochar d'aon cheart nár múchadh leis an tseilbh sin.
(3) Ar an gclárú sin a dhéanamh, múchfar teideal an duine a bhfuil a cheart caingne chun an talamh a aisghabháil dulta in éag.
(4) Déantar leis seo alt 24 de Reacht na dTréimhsí, 1957, a leasú trí “alt 49 den Acht um Chlárú Teidil, 1964” a chur in ionad “ailt 52 d'Acht 1891”.
Comhshó Teidil Chláraithe
Teideal cláraithe a chomhshó ina theideal iomlán nó ina theideal léasach bailí.
50.—(1) I gcás talún atá cláraithe le teideal srianta, le teideal léasach bailí nó le teideal sealbhach, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, dá chonlán féin nó ar iarratas ón úinéir cláraithe nó ón duine eile ag a bhfuil an teideal, má bhíonn sé sásta maidir leis an teideal, an teideal a chlárú mar theideal iomlán nó mar theideal léasach bailí, de réir mar is gá nó is cead sa chás.
(2) Bainfidh na forálacha seo a leanas le talamh cláraithe seachas talamh a cláraíodh de bhun fho-alt (1) d'alt 23 d'Acht 1891 nó de bhun alt 26 den Acht seo:
(a) más teideal sealbhach an teideal a cláraíodh ansin, faoi réir aon fhorálacha contrártha dó sin a bheidh forordaithe, cuirfear i dteannta iarratais chun aistriú ar chomaoin luachmhar, nó diúscairt eile ar luach-chomaoin, a chlárú na doiciméid teidil uile nó na doiciméid uile maidir leis an teideal (lena n-áirítear conarthaí, achomaireachtaí, tuairimí abhcóide, foréilimh agus freagraí, agus doiciméid eile dá samhail) a bheidh i seilbh nó faoi urláimh an iarratasóra, maraon le cibé mionnscríbhinn a fhorordófar; agus más teideal srianta an teideal a cláraíodh, cuirfear i dteannta an iarratais cibé doiciméid, más ann, a bhainfidh leis na nithe a eisceadh ó éifeacht an chláraithe, maraon le cibé mionnscríbhinn a bheidh forordaithe;
(b) in aon chás lena mbaineann mír (a), féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir an clárú a dhiúltú nó a chur siar go dtí go mbeidh na doiciméid go léir is gá curtha faoina bhráid;
(c) má tá an talamh cláraithe le cúig bliana déag le teideal sealbhach, déanfaidh an Cláraitheoir, in aon chás lena mbaineann mír (a), más deimhin leis go bhfuil an t-úinéir cláraithe i seilbh, agus tar éis cibé fógraí, más ann, a bheidh forordaithe a thabhairt, an teideal a chlárú mar theideal iomlán i gcás talún ruílse nó mar theideal léasach bailí i gcás talaimh léasaigh.
(3) Bainfidh na forálacha seo a leanas le talamh a cláraíodh de bhun fho-alt (1) d'alt 23 d'Acht 1891 nó de bhun alt 26 den Acht seo—
(a) más teideal sealbhach an teideal a cláraíodh, nó má mheastar gurb ea, agus go bhfuil úinéireacht na talún cláraithe le breis is tríocha bliain, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, ar dhiúscairt nó tarchur a chlárú tar éis bháis, más deimhin leis ó na taifid sa chlár nó ar dhóigh eile nach maireann aon cheart atá i gcodarsna le teideal an úinéara chláraithe nó a bhaineann óna theideal agus atá á chosaint ag an teideal sealbhach, an teideal a chlárú mar theideal iomlán;
(b) más rud é—
(i) gur teideal sealbhach an teideal a cláraíodh nó go meastar gurb ea, agus
(ii) go bhfuil úinéireacht na talún cláraithe le breis is dhá bhliain déag, agus
(iii) go ndéanfar iarratas chun aistriú ar chomaoin luachmhar nó diúscairt eile ar luach-chomaoin a chlárú, agus
(iv) go ndearnadh aistriú cláraithe ar chomaoin luachmhar tar éis chéadchlárú na talún ach tráth nach giorra ná dhá bhliain déag roimh an iarratas,
féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, más deimhin leis ó na taifid sa chlár nó ar dhóigh eile nach maireann aon cheart atá i gcodarsna le teideal an úinéara chláraithe nó a bhaineann óna theideal agus atá á chosaint ag an teideal sealbhach, an teideal a chlárú mar theideal iomlán;
(c) féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, in aon chás lena mbaineann mír (b), a cheangal ar an iarratasóir cibé fianaise ar an teideal a thabhairt ar aird is dóigh leis an gCláraitheoir is cuí, agus féadfaidh sé an clárú a dhiúltú nó a chur siar go dtí go mbeifear tar éis a cheanglais a chomhlíonadh.
(4) Má rinneadh aon éileamh atá i gcodarsna le teideal an úinéara, ní dhéanfar clárú faoin alt seo mura mbeidh, ná go dtí go mbeidh, an t-éileamh réitithe.
(5) Má bhaineann caillteanas do dhuine seachas an t-úinéir mar gheall ar aon chlárú faoin alt seo, beidh éifeacht ag alt 120 amhail is dá mbeadh earráid déanta a thúsaigh i gClárlann na Talún.
Aistriú
Aistriú talún cláraithe.
51.—(1) Faoi réir na nAchtanna um Thalamh Socraithe i gcás úinéara theoranta, féadfaidh úinéir cláraithe talún an talamh nó aon chuid de a aistriú agus clárófar an t-aistrí mar úinéir na talún a aistreofar.
(2) Ar an aistriú a dhéanamh forghníomhófar ionstraim san fhoirm fhorordaithe nó i cibé foirm eile a bhfeicfear don Chláraitheoir gur foirm leormhaith í chun an talamh a thíolacadh, ach go dtí go mbeidh an t-aistrí cláraithe mar úinéir na talún a aistreofar ní oibreoidh an ionstraim sin chun an talamh a aistriú.
(3) Ar an aistrí a chlárú seachadfaidh an Cláraitheoir deimhniú talún dó.
(4) Mura n-aistreofar ach cuid den talamh, ceadóidh an Cláraitheoir don aistreoir a dheimhniú talún a choinneáil le taifead ann i dtaobh na coda a aistríodh, nó seachadfaidh sé dó deimhniú talún nua i leith na talún atá sé a choinneáil.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag aistriú talún ruílse le teideal iomlán.
52.—(1) Ar aistrí talún ruílse a chlárú mar lán-úinéir le teideal iomlán, oibreoidh an ionstraim aistrithe mar thíolacas le gníomhas de réir bhrí na nAchtanna Tíolactha, agus dílseofar don aistrí cláraithe eastát i bhfeo simplí sa talamh a aistreofar, maille leis na cearta, na pribhléidí agus na comhghabhálais go léir, sainráite nó intuigthe, a bhaineann nó atá comhghabhálach leis sin, faoi réir—
(a) na n-ualaí, más ann a chlárofar mar ualaí a luíonn ar an talamh, agus
(b) na n-ualaí a bhfuil an talamh faoina réir, cé nach bhfuil siad cláraithe amhlaidh, de bhun alt 72.
ach beidh sé saor ó gach ceart eile, lena n-áirítear cearta an Stáit.
(2) Más rud é, áfach, go ndéanfar an t-aistriú gan chomaoin luachmhar, beidh sé, chomh fada is a bhaineann leis an aistrí agus le daoine a bheidh ag éileamh faoi ar dhóigh seachas ar chomaoin luachmhar, faoi réir gach cirt neamhchláraithe a raibh an talamh a aistreofar ar teachtadh faoina réir ag an aistreoir.
(3) Ar aistrí talún ruílse a chlárú mar úinéir teoranta le teideal iomlán faoi shocraíocht, beidh an éifeacht chéanna ag an gclárú agus a bheadh i gcás aistrí a chlárófaí mar lán-úinéir le teideal iomlán, ach amháin go ndílseoidh an t-eastát i bhfeo simplí (maille le gach ceart, pribhléid agus comhghabhálas, sainráite nó intuigthe), a thabharfar leis an gclárú, don aistrí agus do na daoine eile a bheidh i dteideal na n-eastát agus na leasanna leithleacha a chuimseofar in ábhar na socraíochta go comhchoiteann de réir na n-eastát agus na leasanna sin faoi seach.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag aistriú talún ruílse le teideal sealbhach.
53.—I gcás talún ruílse a cláraíodh le teideal sealbhach, ní dhéanfaidh aistriú na talún difear ná dochar do chur i bhfeidhm aon chirt atá i gcodarsna le teideal an úinéara chéadchláraithe, nó a bhaineann óna theideal, agus a mhaireann, nó is féidir a theacht, tráth an úinéara sin a chlárú, lena n-áirítear aon chearta nó cothromais atá ar marthain toisc go meastar leas an úinéara sin a bheith ina ghreamacht ar a leas roimhe sin sa talamh, ach lasmuigh dá bhfuil ráite, beidh ag an aistriú sin, ar é a chlárú, an éifeacht chéanna a bheadh aige dá mba le teideal iomlán a cláraíodh an talamh.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag aistriú talún ruílse le teideal srianta.
54.—I gcás talún a cláraíodh le teideal srianta, beidh ag aistriú na talún, ar é a chlárú, an éifeacht chéanna a bheadh aige dá mba le teideal iomlán a cláraíodh an talamh, ach amháin nach ndéanfaidh an t-aistriú sin difear ná dochar do chur i bhfeidhm aon chirt a léirítear sa chlár a bheith eiscthe.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag aistriú leasa léasaigh le teideal iomlán.
55.—(1) Ar aistrí leasa léasaigh a chlárú mar lán-úinéir le teideal iomlán, oibreoidh an ionstraim aistrithe mar thíolacas le gníomhas de réir bhrí na nAchtanna Tíolactha, agus dílseofar don aistrí cláraithe an leas léasach a aistreofar amhlaidh, maille leis na cearta, na pribhléidí agus na comhghabhálais go léir, sainráite nó intuigthe, a ghabhann leis, faoi réir—
(a) na n-ualaí, más ann, a chlárófar mar ualaí a luíonn ar an leas,
(b) na n-ualaí a bhfuil an leas faoina réir, cé nach bhfuil siad cláraithe, de bhua alt 72, agus
(c) na gcúnant, na n-oibleagáidí agus na ndliteanas go léir, sainráite agus intuigthe, atá foghabhálach leis an leas aistrithe,
ach saor ó gach ceart eile, lena n-áirítear cearta an Stáit.
(2) Más rud é, áfach, go ndéanfar an t-aistriú gan chomaoin luachmhar, beidh sé, chomh fada is a bhaineann leis an aistrí agus le daoine a bheidh ag éileamh faoi ar dhóigh seachas ar chomaoin luachmhar, faoi réir gach cirt neamhchláraithe a raibh an leas a aistreofar ar teachtadh faoina réir ag an aistreoir.
(3) Ar aistrí leasa léasaigh a chlárú mar úinéir teoranta le teideal iomlán faoi shocraíocht, beidh an éifeacht chéanna ag an gclárú agus a bheadh i gcás aistrí a chlárófaí mar lán-úinéir le teideal iomlán, ach amháin go ndílseoidh an leas léasach (maille le gach ceart, pribhléid agus comhghabhálas, sainráite nó intuigthe), a thabharfar leis an gclárú, don aistrí agus do na daoine eile a bheidh i dteideal na leasanna leithleacha a chuimseofar in ábhar na socraíochta go comhchoiteann, de réir na leasanna sin faoi seach.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag aistriú leasa léasaigh le teideal léasach bailí.
56.—I gcás leasa léasaigh a cláraíodh le teideal léasach bailí, beidh ag aistriú an leasa, ar é a chlárú an éifeacht chéanna a bheadh aige dá mba le teideal iomlán a cláraíodh an leas, ach amháin nach ndéanfaidh an t-aistriú difear ná dochar do chur i bhfeidhm aon chirt a imríonn ar theideal an léasóra, nó a bhaineann óna theideal, chun an léas a dheonú.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag aistriú leasa léasaigh le teideal sealbhach.
57.—I gcás leasa léasaigh a cláraíodh le teideal sealbhach, ní dhéanfaidh aistriú an leasa difear ná dochar do chur i bhfeidhm aon chirt (cibé acu i leith teideal an léasóra nó eile é) atá i gcodarsna le teideal an úinéara chéadchláraithe, nó a bhaineann óna theideal, agus a mhaireann, nó is féidir a theacht, tráth an úinéara sin a chlárú, ach, lasmuigh dá bhfuil ráite, beidh ag an aistriú, ar é a chlárú, an éifeacht chéanna a bheadh aige dá mba le teideal iomlán a cláraíodh an leas.
An éifeacht a bheidh ag aistriú leasa léasaigh le teideal srianta.
58.—I gcás leasa léasaigh a cláraíodh le teideal srianta, beidh ag aistriú an leasa, ar é a chlárú, an éifeacht chéanna a bheadh aige dá mba le teideal iomlán a cláraíodh an leas, ach amháin nach ndéanfaidh an t-aistriú difear ná dochar do chur i bhfeidhm aon chirt (cibé acu i leith teideal an léasóra nó eile é) a léirítear sa chlár a bheith eiscthe.
Cosaint do thoiliú le coimhthiú, etc.
59.—(1) Ní dhéanfaidh aon ní san Acht seo difear do na forálacha d'aon achtachán lena dtoirmisctear nó lena sriantar ar dhóigh ar bith coimhthiú, sannadh, foroinnt nó foligean aon talún.
(2) Beidh de dhualgas ar an gCláraitheoir forálacha toirmeascacha nó sriantacha aon achtacháin den sórt sin a nótáil ar an gclár ar an modh forordaithe; ach beidh na forálacha sin, cé nach bhfuil siad cláraithe, ina n-ualaí ar an talamh faoi alt 72.
Sárú eastát úinéara chláraithe.
60.—(1) I gcás eastát nó leas úinéara chláraithe talún a shárú, is é sin le rá, nuair a tharlóidh—
(a) faoi chumhacht díolacháin a tugadh le morgáiste a rinneadh roimh chéadchlárú na talún, nó
(b) faoi ghníomhas aonpháirtí a forghníomhaíodh de bhun Achtanna na gClásal Talún nó de bhun aon fhorála reachtúla arb ionann éifeacht di, nó
(c) faoi dhíolachán i bhforghníomhú aon bhreithiúnais nó ordaithe ó chúirt, nó
(d) faoi chumhacht cheapacháin, nó
(e) faoi ordú dílseacháin, nó
(f) faoi aon achtachán, nó
(g) in aon chás eile nach bhforáiltear dó leis an Acht seo, agus a bheadh forordaithe,
go n-aistreoidh úinéireacht na talún chun duine eile ar dhóigh seachas trína haistriú ón úinéir cláraithe nó óna ionadaithe pearsanta, ansin, faoi réir rialacha ginearálta, déanfaidh an Cláraitheoir, ar iarratas ón duine sin agus ar an bhfianaise fhorordaithe a thabhairt ar aird, é a chlárú mar úinéir na talún.
(2) Mura rud é gur deimhin leis an gCláraitheoir go bhfuil an t-iarratas á dhéanamh le comhthoiliú an úinéara chláraithe nó, i gcás a bháis, más é an lán-úinéir é, le comhthoiliú a ionadaithe pearsanta, agus, murab é an lán-úinéir é, le comhthoiliú cibé daoine a bheidh forordaithe, déanfaidh an Cláraitheoir, faoi réir rialacha ginearálta, sula gcláróidh sé an t-iarratasóir mar úinéir na talún, fógra i dtaobh an iarratais a thabhairt don úinéir cláraithe nó, i gcás a bháis, más é an lán-úinéir é, dá ionadaithe pearsanta, agus, murab é an lán-úinéir é, do cibé daoine a bheidh forordaithe, agus féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, más cuí leis é, diúltú an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir na talún, ach amháin de bhun ordú ón gcúirt.
Tarchur
Tarchur talún cláraithe ó úinéir teoranta agus ar úinéir d'fháil bháis.
61.—(1) I gcás talamh a bhfuil a úinéir cláraithe mar úinéir teoranta a aistriú faoi shocraíocht chun duine eile ar fhoirceannadh eastát nó leas an úinéara theoranta, féadfar an duine a n-aistreoidh an talamh chuige amhlaidh a thaifeadadh sa chlár mar lán-úinéir nó úinéir teoranta na talún, de réir mar is gá sa chás, ar iarratas a dhéanamh ar an modh forordaithe.
(2) Ar bhás a fháil do lán-úinéir cláraithe aonair talún, nó don mharthanóir as lán-úinéirí cláraithe éagsúla talún nár cláraíodh mar thionóntaí i gcoiteannas (agus gairtear an t-úinéir éagtha den úinéir nó den mharthanóir sin sna forálacha ina dhiaidh seo den alt seo), ní thabharfaidh an Cláraitheoir faoi aithint aon chearta i leith na talún a bheith ag aon duine ach amháin ionadaithe pearsanta an úinéara éagtha, agus beidh ag aon diúscairtí cláraithe a dhéanfaidh siad an éifeacht chéanna a bheadh acu dá mba iad úinéirí cláraithe na talún iad.
(3) (a) Aon iarratas ar chlárú a dhéanfaidh duine a bheidh á éileamh go bhfuil teideal aige de réir dlí chun talamh lán-úinéara chláraithe éagtha, agus lena ngabhfaidh, murab é an t-ionadaí pearsanta é, toiliú nó aistriú san fhoirm fhorordaithe, údaróidh sé don Chláraitheoir an duine sin a chlárú mar lán-úinéir nó úinéir teoranta na talún, cibe acu é.
(b) Ní bheidh de dhualgas ar an gCláraitheoir, ná ní bheidh sé i dteideal, aon eolas a iarraidh faoin gcúis atá le haon aontú a thabhairt nó aon aistriú a dhéanamh, agus beidh de cheangal air é a ghlacadh ina áirithe go bhfuil an t-ionadaí pearsanta ag gníomhú maidir leis an iarratas, leis an aontú nó leis an aistriú mar is ceart agus faoi réim a chumhachtaí.
(4) Nuair a chlárófar duine mar lán-úinéir nó úinéir teoranta talún faoi fho-alt (3), beidh na costais faoina rachfar i ndáil leis an aistriú le híoc ag an duine sin.
(5) Nuair a dhéanfaidh an Ard-Chúirt nó an Chúirt Chuarda ordú faoi fho-alt (4) d'alt 20 den Acht um Riaradh Eastát, 1959, ag dílsiú talamh cláraithe do dhuine ar bith, féadfaidh sí freisin a ordú an duine sin a chlárú mar úinéir na talún sin.
(6) (a) Ní oibreoidh aon ní san Acht seo ná san Acht um Riaradh Eastát, 1959, chun a cheangal ar an gCláraitheoir duine a chlárú mar úinéir na talún i gcáil ionadaí phearsanta dó.
(b) Féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir nóta a chur sa chlár á chur in iúl go bhfuair úinéir cláraithe talún bás agus ag lua ainmneacha a ionadaithe pearsanta.
(7) Más rud é, ar iarratas ó aon duine a dhéanfaidh éileamh ar a chlárú mar úinéir talún cláraithe i gcomharbas ar lán-úinéir éagtha na talún sin, gur deimhin leis an gcúirt—
(a) go bhfuil sé bliana ar a laghad caite ó fuair an lán-úinéir éagtha bás, agus
(b) go bhfuil ionadaithe pearsanta an úinéara sin marbh nó lasmuigh den dlínse,
féadfaidh an chúirt, más cuí léi é, d'ainneoin aon ní san Acht um Riaradh Eastát, 1959, nó san Acht seo, an t-iarratasóir a shaoradh ón riachtanas chun ionadaíocht a bhaint amach i leith an lánúinéara éagtha nó chun fógra a thabhairt dá ionadaithe pearsanta, agus féadfaidh sí a ordú an t-iarratasóir a chlárú mar úinéir na talún.
(8) Níl feidhm ag fo-ailt (2) go (6) ach amháin i gcásanna báis ar an 1ú lá de Mheitheamh, 1959, nó dá éis sin.
(9) Leanfaidh fo-alt (2) d'alt 37 d'Acht 1891, arna leasú le halt 27 den Acht um Chlárú Teidil, 1942, agus leis an Dara Sceideal a ghabhann leis an Acht sin, d'fheidhm a bheith aige i gcásanna báis roimh an 1ú lá de Mheitheamh, 1959, d'ainneoin aisghairm na bhforálacha sin.
Muirir
Bunú muirir ar thalamh cláraithe agus a éifeacht.
1881, c. 41.
1911, c. 37.
62.—(1) Féadfaidh úinéir cláraithe talún, faoi réir forálacha an Achta seo, an talamh a chur faoi mhuirear chun airgead a íoc, le hús nó gan ús, agus i modh blianachta nó eile, agus déanfar úinéir an mhuirir a chlárú amhlaidh.
(2) Ar mhuirear a bhunú, ar dhóigh seachas le huacht, forghníomhófar ionstraim mhuirir san fhoirm fhorordaithe (nó ionstraim i cibé foirm eile a fheicfear don Chláraitheoir a bheith leordhóthanach chun an talamh a mhuirearú, ar choinníoll go muirearóidh nó go bhforcoimeádfaidh an ionstraim sin go sainráite as an talamh íoc an airgid a urrófar) ach, go dtí go ndéanfar úinéir an mhuirir a chlárú amhlaidh, ní thabharfaidh an ionstraim aon leas sa talamh d'úinéir an mhuirir.
(3) Ní oibreoidh morgáiste i modh tíolacais le coinníoll chun a fhuascailte, nó i modh forléasta nó fofhorléasta, uaidh féin chun talamh cláraithe a mhuirearú ná ní bheidh sé inchláraithe mar mhuirear ar thalamh cláraithe.
(4) Déanfar aon chumhacht, cibé dóigh ina dtabharfar í, chun airgead a fháil nó a thabhairt ar iasacht faoi urrús morgáiste a fhorléiriú mar chumhacht a fholaíonn cumhacht chun é sin a dhéanamh faoi urrús muirir chláraithe.
(5) Ar úinéir an mhuirir a chlárú, seachadfaidh an Cláraitheoir dó deimhniú muirir san fhoirm fhorordaithe.
(6) Nuair a chlárófar an t-úinéir ar mhuirear ar thalamh chun aon phríomhshuim a aisíoc le hús nó gan ús, oibreoidh an ionstraim mhuirir mar mhorgáiste trí ghníomhas de réir bhrí na nAchtanna Tíolactha, agus, chun a mhuirear a chur i bhfeidhm, beidh ag úinéir cláraithe an mhuirir cearta agus cumhachtaí uile morgáistí faoi mhorgáiste trí ghníomhas, lena n-áirítear an chumhacht chun an t-eastát nó an leas atá faoi réir an mhuirir a dhíol.
(7) Nuair a bheidh aisíoc na príomhshuime a urraíodh leis an ionstraim mhuirir tagtha chun bheith dlite, féadfaidh úinéir cláraithe an mhuirir, nó a ionadaí pearsanta, iarratas a dhéanamh chun na cúirte ar mhodh achomair ag iarraidh seilbh ar an talamh nó aon chuid den talamh, agus ar an iarratas a dhéanamh chuici féadfaidh an chúirt, más cuí léi é, a ordú seilbh na talún nó na coda sin de a thabhairt suas don iarratasóir, agus ar sheilbh na talún nó na coda sin de a fháil don iarratasóir measfar gur morgáistí i seilbh é.
(8) Ar úinéir muirir i modh blianachta a chlárú, beidh ag úinéir an mhuirir leigheasanna chun íoc na blianachta a ghnóthú agus a chur i bhfeidhm mar a thuairiscítear in alt 44 den Conveyancing Act, 1881, faoi mar a théann alt 6 den Conveyancing Act, 1911, i gcion air.
(9) Má dhéanann úinéir cláraithe muirir ar thalamh an talamh a dhíol de bhun na gcumhachtaí dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt (6), clárófar a aistrí mar úinéir na talún, agus air sin beidh an éifeacht chéanna ag an gclárú a bheadh ag clárú i gcás aistriú ar chomaoin luachmhar ag úinéir cláraithe.
(10) Nuair a dhéanfar aistrí ó úinéir cláraithe an mhuirir a chlárú, faoi fho-alt (9), mar úinéir na talún, glanfar an muirear agus gach eastát, leas, ualach, agus taifead ar éis an mhuirir.
(11) Nuair a bheidh sé sainráite san ionstraim mhuirir go bhfuil duine ar bith á chúnantú go n-aisíocfaidh sé an phríomhshuim a mhuirearaítear, is intuigthe go bhfuil cúnant déanta ag an duine sin le húinéir cláraithe an mhuirir de thuras na huaire go n-íocfaidh sé an tsuim a mhuirearaítear agus ús uirthi (má bhíonn) an tráth, agus de réir an ráta, a shonraítear san ionstraim mhuirir, agus freisin cúnant, má bhíonn an tsuim nó aon chuid di gan íoc an tráth a shonraítear amhlaidh, go n-íocfaidh sé ús go leathbhliantúil de réir an ráta a shonraítear ar cibé méid den phríomhshuim a bheidh fágtha gan íoc de thuras na huaire.
Cosaint do mhorgáistí a cláraíodh mar mhuirir.
63.—(1) Aon mhuirear a cláraíodh roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo, ní bheidh sé ar neamhní ná ní mheasfar é a bheith riamh ar neamhní—
(a) de bhíthin amháin go raibh sé sainráite gur i modh morgáiste a bunaíodh é, ná
(b) de bhíthin amháin nach bhfuarthas toiliú Choimisiún na Talún nó Choimisinéirí na nOibreacha Poiblí, nó cibé toiliú eile a bheidh foráilte le haon achtachán, i gcás aon fhorléasadh nó fo-fhorléasadh a raibh sé sainráite ann gur le haon mhorgáiste den sórt sin a rinneadh é;
agus ní bheidh clárú an mhuirir mar ualach ar thalamh cláraithe neamhbhailí, ná ní mheasfar é a bheith neamhbhailí riamh, ar cheachtar cúis acu sin.
(2) San alt seo folaíonn “morgáiste” morgáiste trí fhorléasadh nó fo-fhorléasadh agus morgáiste trí thíolacas nó sannadh le coinníoll chun a fhuascailte.
Aistriú muirir.
64.—(1) Féadfaidh úinéir cláraithe muirir an muirear a aistriú chun duine eile mar úinéir air, agus clárófar an t-aistrí mar úinéir an mhuirir.
(2) Ar mhuirir a aistriú forghníomhófar ionstraim mhuirir san fhoirm fhorordaithe, nó i cibé foirm eile a fheicfear don Chláraitheoir a bheith leordhóthanach chun an muirear a aistriú ach, go dtí go gclárófar an t-aistrí mar úinéir an mhuirir, ní thabharfaidh an ionstraim sin aon leas sa mhuirear don aistrí.
(3) Seachadfaidh an Cláraitheoir don aistrí cláraithe deimhniú muirir san fhoirm fhorordaithe.
(4) Ar aistrí muirir a chlárú, oibreoidh an ionstraim aistrithe mar thíolacas trí ghníomhas de réir bhrí na nAchtanna Tíolactha, agus beidh ag an aistrí—
(a) an teideal céanna chun an mhuirir a bheadh ag aistrí cláraithe talún faoin Acht seo chun na talún, faoi aistriú ar chomaoin luachmhar nó gan chomaoin luachmhar, cibé acu é; agus
(b) chun a mhuirear a chur i bhfeidhm, na cearta agus na cumhachtaí céanna i leith na talún a bheadh aige dá mba ina fhabhar a bunaíodh an muirear i gcéaduair.
Muirear cláraithe a scaoileadh.
65.—(1) Cuirfidh an Cláraitheoir nóta ar an gclár gur sásaíodh muirear cláraithe, nó aon chuid de mhuirear cláraithe, ar thalamh cláraithe, nó gur scaoileadh aon chuid de thalamh cláraithe ó mhuirear cláraithe, ar úinéir cláraithe an mhuirir dá iarraidh sin, nó ar a chruthú ar an dóigh a luaitear anseo ina dhiaidh seo, nó ar cibé dóigh eile a fhorordófar, agus air sin scoirfidh an muirear d'oibriú go feadh an mhéid a luafar sa nóta amhlaidh.
(2) Chun críocha an ailt seo, beidh admháil ón úinéir cláraithe de thuras na huaire ar mhuirear ina leorchruthúnas gur sásaíodh an muirear, nó aon chuid den mhuirear, agus beidh scaoileadh arna shíniú ag an úinéir cláraithe de thuras na huaire ar mhuirear ina leorchruthúnas gur scaoileadh aon chuid de thalamh cláraithe a bhí faoi réir an mhuirir sin.
Tarchur, etc.,muirir.
66.—Beidh feidhm, leis na modhnuithe a fhorordófar, maidir le tarchur agus le sárú i gcás muirear cláraithe ar thalamh, ag na forálacha den Acht seo a bhaineann le talamh cláraithe a tharchur agus le heastát nó leas an úinéara chláraithe a shárú.
Srian le coimeád an deimhnithe talún ag úinéir cláraithe muirir.
67.—(1) Ní bheidh úinéir cláraithe muirir, de bhíthin amháin gurb é an t-úinéir sin é, i dteideal seilbh a bheith aige ar an deimhniú talún i leith na talún cláraithe atá faoi réir an mhuirir.
(2) Gach coinníoll maidir le muirear cláraithe ar thalamh (cibé acu roimh bhunú an mhuirir nó ina dhiaidh sin a rinneadh é) faoina mbeidh coimeád an deimhnithe talún i leith na talún sin le tabhairt d'úinéir cláraithe an mhuirir sin, beidh sé ar neamhní.
Leasanna eile i dTalamh Cláraithe
Bunú focheart agus foleasanna agus a n-éifeacht.
68.—(1) Faoi réir forálacha an Achta seo, ní bheidh duine ar bith ach amháin úinéir cláraithe talún i dteideal an talamh a aistriú nó a mhuirearú le diúscairt chláraithe, agus ní bheidh duine ar bith ach amháin úinéir cláraithe muirir i dteideal an muirear a aistriú le diúscairt chláraithe.
(2) Ní choiscfidh aon ní san Acht seo ar dhuine aon cheart a bhunú in aon talamh cláraithe nó muirear cláraithe nó thairis, ach beidh gach ceart den sórt sin faoi réir forálacha an Achta seo maidir le haistriú cláraithe talún nó muirir ar chomaoin luachmhar.
(3) Ní dhéanfaidh ceart neamhchláraithe i dtalamh cláraithe nó thairis (nach ualach a bhfuil an talamh faoina réir de bhua alt 72) difear don úinéir cláraithe ar mhuirear a bunaíodh ar an talamh ar chomaoin luachmhar.
Ualaí a fhéadfar a chlárú mar ualaí a luíonn ar thalamh cláraithe.
69.—(1) Féadfar aon ualach acu seo a leanas a chlárú mar ualach a luíonn ar thalamh cláraithe, eadhon—
(a) aon eire ar an talamh a bheidh ar marthain an tráth a chéadchlárófar an talamh;
(b) aon mhuirear ar an talamh a bhunófar go cuí tar éis an talamh a chéadchlárú;
(c) aon chíosmhuirear (nach cíosmhuirear a bhfuil an talamh faoina réir faoi alt 72, cé nach bhfuil sé cláraithe) nó cíos feofheirme nó cíos suthain eile a eisíonn as an talamh;
(d) aon chumhacht chun íoc airgid a chur de mhuirear ar thalamh, cibé acu roimh chéadchlárú na talún nó ina dhiaidh sin a bhunófar í nó a thiocfaidh ann di;
(e) aon iontaobhas chun airgead a urrú a bhunófar nó a dtiocfaidh ann dó tar éis chéadchlárú na talún;
(f) aon lian ar an talamh faoi chomhair airgid cheannaigh neamhíoctha;
(g) aon léas i gcás inar téarma ar feadh saoil nó saolta a deonaíodh, nó ina bhfuil an téarma infhoirceanta ar chríochnú saoil nó saolta, nó ina bhfuil sé níos faide ná bliain is fiche, nó i gcás an téarma a bheith le haghaidh aon eastáit nó leasa is lú ná sin ach gan an áitíocht a bheith de réir an léasa;
(h) aon bhreithiúnas nó ordú ó chúirt, cibé acu roimh chéadchlárú na talún nó ina dhiaidh sin a tharla ar marthain dó;
(i) aon mhorgáiste breithiúnais, cúirtbhanna, banna Stáit, ionchoisne nó lis pendens, cibé acu roimh chéadchlárú na talún nó ina dhiaidh sin a tharla ar marthain dó;
(j) aon éasúint, profit á prendre nó ceart mianadóireachta a bhunófar le deontas nó forcoimeádas sainráite tar éis chéadchlárú na talún;
(k) aon chúnant nó coinníoll a bhaineann le húsáid nó sealúchas na talún nó aon choda sonraithe den talamh;
(l) aon eastát i nduar;
(m) aon ualach lena mbaineann alt 54 den Acht Foraoiseachta, 1946;
(n) aon cheart de chuid Choimisiún na Talún nó údaráis áitiúil chun píoplínte a leagan síos chun críche ar bith agus aon cheart atá foghabhálach leis sin;
(o) cumhacht chun eastát nó leas a cheapadh sa mhaoin a bheidh infheidhmithe laistigh de thréimhse nach faide ná saol nó saolta atá ar marthain agus bliain is fiche dá éis sin;
(p) cumhacht tochsail nó iontrála;
(q) ceart de chineál liain ar luach airgid sa mhaoin, nó thairsti, go ceann tréimhse teoranta nach faide ná saol, ar nós ceart cothabhála nó ceart cónaithe (cibé acu ceart eisiatach cónaithe é nó nach ea);
(r) ualach a bunaíodh le reacht nó faoi chumhacht reachtúil, nach ualach acu sin a bhfuil talamh cláraithe faoina réir, cé nach mbeidís cláraithe, faoi alt 72;
(s) aon ní eile a fhorordófar.
(2) Féadfar ualach a chlárú faoin alt seo ar iarratas ó úinéir cláraithe na talún nó ó aon duine a bhfuil teideal aige chun an ualaigh nó leas aige ann ach, má dhéantar an t-iarratas gan comhthoiliú úinéir cláraithe na talún nó cibé duine eile a bheidh forordaithe, ní chlárófar an t-ualach ach amháin de bhun ordú ón gcúirt.
(3) Féadfar aon chúnant nó coinníoll a cláraíodh faoin alt seo a mhodhnú nó a urscaoileadh le hordú ón gcúirt má chruthaítear chun sástacht na cúirte nach ritheann an cúnant nó an coinníoll leis an talamh, nó nach féidir é a chur i bhfeidhm in aghaidh úinéir na talún, nó go rachaidh a mhodhnú nó a urscaoileadh chun tairbhe do na daoine is mó a bhfuil leas acu ina chur i bhfeidhm, agus féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, le toiliú gach duine ag a bhfuil leas ina chur i bhfeidhm, é a mhodhnú nó a urscaoileadh gan aon ordú den sórt sin.
(4) Féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, ar an bhfianaise fhorordaithe agus faoi réir na gcoinníollacha forordaithe, modhnú nó cealú a dhéanamh ar aon taifead faoin alt seo i leith ualaigh nach cúnant nó coinníoll den sórt réamhráite.
Clárú úinéireachta ualaí.
70.—Déanfar úinéireacht cibé cinn a bheidh forordaithe de na hualaí is inchláraithe faoi alt 69, nuair a chlárófar iad amhlaidh, a chlárú i cibé clár iomchuí a bheidh á choimeád faoin Acht seo.
Clárú morgáistí breithiúnais.
1850, c. 29.
1858, c. 105.
71.—(1) An mhionnscríbhinn is gá de réir alt 6 den Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1850, chun breithiúnas a chlárú mar mhorgáiste, déanfar í i gcás talún cláraithe, ar an modh forordaithe agus le cibé taifid a bheidh forordaithe.
(2) I mionnscríbhinn a chlárófar tar éis tosach feidhme an Achta seo, is leor de thuairisc ar an talamh tagairt d'uimhir fhóilió an chláir agus don chontae ina bhfuil an talamh.
(3) Beidh sé sainráite sa mhionnscríbhinn í a bheith arna déanamh ag an gcreidiúnaí a shonraítear in alt 6 d'Acht sin 1850 nó ag duine a bhí údaraithe chun í a dhéanamh le halt 3 den Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1858.
(4) Oibreoidh clárú mionnscríbhinne a bheidh de réir na n-alt sin agus an ailt seo chun leas an fhéichiúnaí breithiúnais a mhuirearú faoi réir—
(a) na n-ualaí, más ann, a cláraíodh mar ualaí a luíonn ar an leas sin,
(b) na n-ualaí a bhfuil an leas sin faoina réir, cé nach bhfuil siad cláraithe amhlaidh, de bhua alt 72, agus
(c) gach ceart neamhchláraithe a raibh an leas sin ar teachtadh ag an bhféichiúnaí breithiúnais faoina réir tráth na mionnscríbhinne a chlárú,
agus beidh ag an gcreidiúnaí, chun an muirear a chur i bhfeidhm, gach ceart agus leigheas a thabharfar dó le hordú na cúirte.
Ualaí gan chlárú a luífidh ar thalamh cláraithe.
72.—(1) Faoi réir fho-alt (2), beidh gach talamh cláraithe faoi réir gach ualaigh acu seo a leanas a luífidh ar an talamh de thuras na huaire, cibé acu atá na hualaí sin cláraithe nó nach bhfuil, eadhon—
(a) dleacht eastáit, dleacht chomharbais, sean-choróinchíosanna, cíosmhuirir dheachún agus íocaíochtaí in ionad deachún nó cíosmhuirir dheachún;
(b) muirir feabhsaithe talún agus muirir shiltin;
(c) blianachtaí nó cíosmhuirir chun aisíoctha airleacan a rinneadh faoi fhorálacha aon cheann de na hAchtanna Talamh-Cheannaigh i gcuntas airgid cheannaigh;
(d) cearta Choimisiún na Talún nó duine ar bith faoi ordú dílseacháin, fiat dílseacháin, liosta críochnaitheach nó ordú aistrithe a rinneadh nó a foilsíodh faoi na hAchtanna Talamh-Cheannaigh;
(e) cearta Choimisiún na Talún ar ordú seilbhe a fhorghníomhú a eisíodh faoi alt 37 den Acht Talún, 1927;
(f) cearta an phobail nó aon aicme den phobal;
(g) cearta gnáthaimh, díolúintí, agus dliteanais a thig de chionn tionachta;
(h) éasúintí agus profits á prendre, mura le deontas nó forcoimeádas sainráite tar éis chéadchlárú na talún a bunaíodh iad faoi seach;
(i) tionóntachtaí a bunaíodh le haghaidh aon téarma nach faide ná bliain is fiche nó le haghaidh aon eastáit nó leasa is lú ná sin, i gcásanna ina mbíonn áitíocht ann faoi na tionóntachtaí sin;
(j) cearta gach duine a bhfuil an talamh á áitiú aige iarbhír nó a chíosanna agus a bhrabúis á bhfáil aige, ach amháin i gcás ina bhfiafrófar den duine sin agus nach n-inseoidh sé cad iad na cearta iad;
(k) i gcás talamh a cláraíodh le teideal sealbhach nó srianta nó le teideal léasach bailí, gach ceart a eisctear ó éifeacht an chláraithe;
(l) cíos bliantúil suthain (dá ngairtear an t-uaschíos san alt seo) is uaise ná cíos eile den sórt sin (dá ngairtear an cíos cláraithe san alt seo) a cláraíodh mar ualach ar thalamh cláraithe agus atá, amhail idir an talamh cláraithe sin agus an cíos cláraithe, iníoctha go príomha as an gcíos cláraithe do shaoradh na talún sin;
(m) na cúnaint agus na coinníollacha sa ghníomhas nó sa doiciméad eile lenar bunaíodh an t-uaschíos, sa mhéid go mbaineann na cúnaint agus na coinníollacha sin leis an talamh sin;
(n) blianacht cheannaigh is iníoctha i leith iostáin is ábhar d'ordú dílseacháin faoi Acht na Sclábhaithe, 1936;
(o) srianta a chuireann alt 21 d'Acht na Sclábhaithe, 1936, le hiostáin a cheannaítear faoin Acht sin a mhorgáistiú nó a mhuirearú;
(p) cearta a fuarthas nó atá á bhfáil faoi Reacht na dTréimhsí, 1957;
(q) ualaí lena mbaineann alt 59 nó 73.
(2) Nuair a chruthófar chun sástacht an Chláraitheora go bhfuil aon talamh atá cláraithe nó ar tí a chláraithe saor ó aon dleacht eastáit, dleacht chomharbais, sean-choróinchíos, cíosmhuirear deachún, íocaíocht in ionad deachún nó cíosmhuirir dheachún, muirear feabhsaithe talún, muirear siltin nó blianacht nó cíosmhuirear faoi chomhair aisíoc aon airleacain a rinneadh i gcuntas airgid cheannaigh mar atá luaite anseo roimhe seo, nó tar éis scor de bheith faoina réir sin, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir fógra ina thaobh sin a thaifeadadh sa chlár.
(3) Má chruthaítear chun sástacht an Chláraitheora go bhfuil aon mhuirir den sórt sin ann, féadfaidh sé, le toiliú an úinéara chláraithe nó an iarratasóra ar chlárú, nó de bhun ordú ón gcúirt, fógra ina thaobh a thaifeadadh sa chlár.
Mianaigh, mianraí, agus cearta mianadóireachta.
73.—(1) Féadfar duine a chlárú mar úinéir ar thalm igh dteannta nó d'éagmais an iomláin nó aon choda de na miaanaih agus na mianraí sa talamh, nó mar úinéir ar aon mhianaigh agus mianraí.
(2) Duine a chlárófar mar úinéir ar thalamh ní mheasfar, de bhua an chláraithe sin amháin, é a bheith ina úinéir ar na mianaigh agus na mianraí sa talamh.
(3) Nuair a chlárófar duine mar úinéir talún, ach nach bhfuil réim ag an gclárú maidir leis na mianaigh agus na mianraí uile sa talamh, is muirir ar an talamh faoi alt 72, cé nach bhfuil siad cláraithe, gach cumhacht oibrithe, cead slí nó ceart slí, ceart uisce agus siltin, agus gach cumhacht, éasúint, ceart agus pribhléid eile chun críocha mianadóireachta, nó a fho-ghabhann nó a bhaineann le críocha mianadóireachta, a mhaireann de thuras na huaire thar an talamh, agus nár bunaíodh le deontas nó forcoimeádas sainráite tar éis chéadchlárú na talún.
Tosaíocht ualaí cláraithe.
74.—Faoi réir aon taifid contrártha dó sin sa chlár, aon ualaí achlárófar mar ualaí a luíonn ar an talamh céanna, agus ar de réir dáta a mbunaithe a bheadh tosaíocht acu dá mba nár cláraíodh iad, más ón uair a céadchláraíodh an talamh a bunaíodh iad nó a tháinig ann dóibh, is de réir an oird ina mbeidh siad taifeadta sa chlár a bheidh tosaíocht acu agus ní de réir an oird inar bunaíodh iad nó inar tháinig ann dóibh, agus beidh tosaíocht acu ar aon ualach eile a luíonn ar an talamh agus a bunaíodh nó ar tháinig ann dó ón uair a céadchláraíodh an talamh, sa chás nach ualach é a bhfuil an talamh faoina réir faoi alt 72 cé nach bhfuil sé cláraithe.
Tosaíocht mhuirir chláraithe i leith airleacan todhchaí.
75.—(1) Má bhíonn sé sainráite go ndearnadh muirear cláraithe a bhunú ar aon talamh chun airleacain todhchaí a urrú (cibé acu i dteannta nó d'éagmais airleacan láithreach é), beidh teideal ag úinéir cláraithe an mhuirir i dtosaíocht ar aon mhuirear iardain chun íoc aon suime a bheidh dlite dó i leith na n-airleacan todhchaí sin, ach amháin aon airleacain a bheadh déanta i ndiaidh dáta an mhuirir iardain agus le fógra sainráite i scríbhinn ina thaobh.
(2) San alt seo folaíonn “airleacain todhchaí” suimeanna a bheidh dlite ó am go ham ar chuntas reatha, agus gach suim a meastar trí chomhaontú nó i gcúrsa gnó idir na páirtithe gurb airleacan ar urrús an mhuirir í.
Cumhacht i leith muirir a bheith le feidhmiú trí mhuirear cláraithe.
76.—Nuair a dhéanfar cumhacht chun muirear a chur ar thalamh cláraithe, nó iontaobhas chun airgead a urrú air, a chlárú már ualach ar an talamh, féadfar sin a fheidhmiú nó a fhorghníomhú trí mhuirear cláraithe a bhunú agus ní fhéadfar ar aon dóigh eile, agus an duine a gcumhachtófar dó faoi aon chumhacht nó iontaobhas den sórt sin íoc aon airgid a chur de mhuirear ar an talamh beidh an chumhacht chéanna aige chun muirear cláraithe a bhunú ar an talamh faoi chomhair an airgid sin agus a bheadh dá mba é úinéir cláraithe na talún é, agus taifeadfar an muirear san ord tosaíochta is cuí dó.
Cumhachtaí maidir le muirir reachtúla.
77.—(1) Má bhíonn ag duine, faoi réim nó de bhua aon achtacháin, muirear ar thalamh cláraithe faoi chomhair íoc aon airgid, nó cumhacht chun íoc aon airgid a chur de mhuirear ar thalamh cláraithe, beidh an chumhacht chéanna aige chun muirear cláraithe faoi chomhair an airgid sin a bhunú ar an talamh agus a bheadh dá mba é úinéir cláraithe na talún é.
(2) Beidh an éifeacht chéanna ag clárú muirir de bhun an ailt seo agus a bheadh ag a chlárú de bhun aon achtacháin eile, agus bhéarfaidh sé nach gá é a chlárú amhlaidh.
Téarma blianta a dhílseofar d'iontaobhaí chun airgead a chruinniú as talamh cláraithe.
78.—Má dhílsítear téarma blianta, cibé acu roimh an Acht seo a rith nó dá éis sin é, d'iontaobhaí nó do dhuine eile chun airgead a chruinniú as talamh cláraithe, oibreoidh an dílsiú sin mar iontaobhas chun airgead a urrú ar thalamh cláraithe nó mar chumhacht chun talamh cláraithe a chur faoi mhuirear, cibé acu é, agus féadfar é a chlárú mar ualach ar an talamh sin, agus, má chláraítear amhlaidh é, féadfar é a fheidhmiú nó a fhorghníomhú trí mhuirear cláraithe a bhunú agus ar an dóigh sin amháin, agus beidh ag an duine a gcumhachtaítear dó in aon iontaobhas nó cumhacht den sórt sin íoc aon airgid a chur de mhuirear ar an talamh sin an chumhacht chéanna chun muirear cláraithe a bhunú ar an talamh faoi chomhair an airgid sin agus a bheadh dá mba é úinéir cláraithe na talún é, agus taifeadfar an muirear san ord tosaíochta is cuí dó.
Téarma blianta a dhílseofar in iontaobhaí chun airgead a chruinniú, nó morgáiste, roimh an gcéadchlárú.
79.—(1) Más rud é, roimh chéadchlárú talún, go ndílseofar téarma blianta, cibé acu roimh an Acht seo a rith nó dá éis sin é, d'iontaobhaí nó do dhuine eile chun airgead a chruinniú as an talamh, oibreoidh an dílsiú sin, ar an talamh a chéadchlárú, mar iontaobhas chun airgead a urrú ar thalamh cláraithe nó mar chumhacht chun talamh cláraithe a chur faoi mhuirear, cibé acu é, agus féadfar é a chlárú mar ualach ar an talamh, agus, má chláraítear amhlaidh é, féadfar é a fheidhmiú nó a fhorghníomhú trí mhuirear cláraithe a bhunú agus ar an dóigh sin amháin, agus beidh ag an duine a gcumhachtaítear dó in aon iontaobhas nó cumhacht den sórt sin íoc aon airgid a chur de mhuirear ar an talamh an chumhacht chéanna chun muirear cláraithe a bhunú ar an talamh faoi chomhair an airgid sin agus a bheadh dá mba é úinéir cláraithe na talún é, agus taifeadfar an muirear san ord tosaíochta is cuí dó.
(2) Más rud é, roimh a chéadchlárú, gur tháinig talamh faoi réir aon mhorgáiste, morgáiste trí fhorléasadh nó fo-fhorléasadh nó téarma blianta chun airgead a cruinníodh iarbhír a urrú, oibreoidh an morgáiste sin, nó an morgáiste trí fhorléasadh nó fo-fhorléasadh nó téarma blianta sin, ar an talamh a chéadchlárú (más le teideal iomlán, teideal srianta nó teideal léasach bailí a chláraítear é) nó (más le teideal sealbhach a chláraítear é), ar an teideal a chomhshó ina theideal iomlán nó ina theideal léasach bailí, mar mhuirear ar an talamh agus ní chlárófar é ach mar mhuirear air.
Forálacha maidir le heirí a bhunaigh nó a d'eisigh cuideachta agus nár cláraíodh nó nár cosnaíodh.
80.—(1) Má dhéantar cuideachta a cláraíodh faoi Acht na gCuideachtaí, 1963, a chlárú mar úinéir ar thalamh a cláraíodh faoin Acht seo nó mar úinéir muirir chláraithe, ní de chúram an Chláraitheora é, ná ní dhéanfaidh sé difear do dhuine a bheidh ag éileamh faoi dhiúscairt chláraithe ar chomaoin luachmhar, aon mhorgáiste, muirear, bintiúr, stoc bintiúir, gníomhas iontaobhais nó eire eile a bheith bunaithe nó eisithe ag an gcuideachta, mura ndéantar an eire sin a chlárú mar ualach nó a chosaint le rabhadh nó toirmeasc faoin Acht seo.
(2) Ní bheidh aon chúiteamh iníoctha faoi alt 120 mar gheall ar cheannaitheoir d'fháil aon leasa faoi aistriú cláraithe ón gcuideachta saor ó aon eire den sórt sin nach mbeidh cláraithe nó cosanta amhlaidh.
Ceart cónaithe.
81.—Measfar ceart cónaithe i dtalamh cláraithe nó air, cibé acu ceart cónaithe ginearálta ar an talamh nó ceart cónaithe eisiatach i gcuid, nó ar chuid, den talamh é, a bheith ag baint go pearsanta leis an duine ag a bhfuil teideal tairbhiúil chuige agus a bheith ina cheart de chineál liain ar luach airgid sa talamh nó thairis agus ní oibreoidh sé chun aon eastát cothromais sa talamh a bhunú.
Nóta faoi chearta atá comhghabhálach le talamh.
82.—Más rud é, ar iarratas ón úinéir cláraithe nó ón duine eile ag a bhfuil teideal, go gcruthófar chun sástacht an Chláraitheora go bhfuil cearta, pribhléidí agus comhghabhálais ann a bhaineann nó atá comhghabhálach nó a ghabhann le talamh cláraithe, cuirfidh sé taifead sa chlár a thaispeánfaidh go bhfuil na cearta, na pribhléidí agus na comhghabhálais sin ann.
Clár d'Oidhreachtáin Neamhchorpracha agus Cearta Eile
Clár úinéireachta.
83.—Féadfar socrú a dhéanamh, le rialacha ginearálta, le haghaidh clárú sa chlár dá bhforáiltear le mír (b) d'alt 8 agus, más gá é, chun forálacha an Achta seo a oiriúnú nó a chur chun feidhme, le modhnú nó gan mhodhnú, chun críocha an chláraithe sin.
Léarscáileanna na Clárlainne agus Teorainneacha
Léarscáileanna na Suirbhéireachta Ordanáis a bheith le coimeád sa phríomhoifig.
84.—(1) Coimeádfar sa phríomhoifig na léarscáileanna is déanaí a bheidh ar fáil de léarscáileanna na Suirbhéireachta Ordanáis don Stát.
(2) Féadfar socrú a dhéanamh le rialacha ginearálta chun go marcálfar nó go saineofar ar na léarscáileanna sin (dá ngairtear “léarscáileanna clárlainne” san Acht seo) ar an modh forordaithe na tailte ar cláraíodh an teideal chucu faoin Acht seo, agus chun tagairt sa chlár do na léarscáileanna sin, agus beidh na léarscáileanna sin ar fáil lena scrúdú ag an bpobal cibé tráthanna, agus ar cibé modh, agus ar cibé téarmaí, a fhorordófar.
(3) Beidh sé de chumhacht ag an gCláraitheoir, agus measfar go raibh sé de chumhacht aige riamh, glacadh, in aon chás áirithe, chun críocha clárúcháin, le haon léarscáil is dóigh leis atá sásúil, agus nuair a ghlacfar amhlaidh leis an léarscáil sin measfar, chun críocha an Achta seo agus na n-achtachán aisghairthe, gur léarscáil chlárlainne í agus gurbh ea riamh.
Tuairisc ar thalamh cláraithe.
85.—Tabharfar tuairisc ar thalamh cláraithe faoi ainmneacha na n-ainmniúchán ar léarscáileanna na Suirbhéireachta Ordanáis a mbeidh na tailte ar áireamh iontu, nó trí thagairt do na léarscáileanna sin, i cibé slí is dóigh leis an gCláraitheoir is fearr ar mhaithe leis an gcruinneas, ach, lasmuigh de chás dá bhforáiltear leis an Acht seo, ní bheidh tuairisc na talún sa chlár nó sna léarscáileanna sin dochloíte maidir le teorainneacha nó fairsinge na talún.
Teorainneacha a thaifeadadh i gcásanna áirithe.
1870, c. 46.
86.—Má rinneadh teorainneacha aon talún cláraithe a chinntiú agus a shainiú le haon tíolacas a d'fhorghníomhaigh aon duine de na Coimisinéirí chun Eastáit faoi Éire in Éirinn a Dhíol, nó de bhreithiúna Chúirt na nEastát Talún, nó de na Breithiúna Talún, faoi fhorálacha aon cheann d'Achtanna Chúirt na nEastát Talún, nó den Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act, 1870, nó le haon tíolacas nó ordú dílseacháin a d'fhorghníomhaigh nó a rinne Coimisiún na Talún faoi aon cheann d'fhorálacha na nAchtanna Talamh-Cheannaigh, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir i ngach cás den sórt sin, más cuí leis é, tar éis na fógraí forordaithe a thabhairt, na teorainneacha sin a thaifeadadh sa chlár mar theorainneacha dochloíte, agus air sin beidh siad dochloíte i gcás gach páirtí.
Teorainneacha a thaifeadadh trí chomhaontú.
87.—(1) Féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir tráth ar bith, ar iarratas ó úinéirí cláraithe tailte tadhlacha, nó ó úinéir cláraithe talún agus ó úinéir ar thalamh neamhchláraithe tadhlach, agus ar na coinníollacha forordaithe a bheith comhlíonta, na teorainneacha idir na tailte sin nó aon chodanna díobh, le cibé athruithe, más aon athrú é, ar a gcomhaontófar ó am go ham, a shocrú agus a thaifeadadh sa chlár mar theorainneacha dochloíte.
(2) Ní bheidh taifeadadh a dhéanfar de bhun an ailt seo dochloíte ach amháin amhail idir na páirtithe san iarratas agus na comharbaí faoi seach ar a leas, agus ní oibreoidh sé chun daingniú a dhéanamh ar an teideal chun na dtailte a socrófar a dteorainneacha.
Teorainneacha a shocrú i gcás talamh a aistriú.
88.—(1) Ar chuid d'aon talamh cláraithe a aistriú, féadfaidhan Cláraitheoir, ar na coinníollacha forordaithe a bheith comhlíonta, na teorainneacha idir an chuid a aistríodh agus an chuid nár aistríodh a thaifeadadh sa chlár mar theorainneacha dochloíte.
(2) Más rud é, ar aon talamh cláraithe a aistriú, go n-éireoidh aon cheist i dtaobh na dteorainneacha nó i dtaobh fairsinge na talún a aistríodh, beidh ag an gCláraitheoir, ar iarratas ón aistreoir nó ón aistrí, dlínse chun an cheist eatarthu a chinneadh, agus chuige sin féadfaidh sé, má fheictear dó é a bheith fóirsteanach, glacadh le cinneadh aon duine ar ar chomhaontaigh siad nó a bhí ceaptha ag an gCláraitheoir.
An bhrí atá le úinéir talún neamhchláraithe maidir le teorainneacha.
89.—Chun críocha na bhforálacha den Acht seo a bhaineann le teorainneacha, is é is úinéir talún neamhchláraithe ann an duine atá i seilbh na talún agus atá á éileamh go bhfuil teideal aige chun an chéad eastáit ruílse nó chun leasa léasaigh ann, nó glacadóir i leith an eastáit nó an leasa sin a cheap cúirt dlínse inniúla agus atá ag gníomhú faoi ordú na cúirte sin.
Cumhachtaí duine atá i dteideal a chláraithe mar úinéir talún nó muirir.
90.—I gcás duine a mbeidh an ceart chun a chláraithe mar úinéir ar thalamh cláraithe nó muirear cláraithe tar éis cineachadh chuige de dhroim an t-úinéir d'fháil bháis nó eastát nó leas an úinéara sin a shárú nó de dhroim ionstraime aistrithe a rinneadh de réir forálacha an Achta seo, más mian leis—
(a) an talamh sin a aistriú nó a chur faoi mhuirear nó lian a bhunú air tríd an deimhniú talún a thaisceadh (nó, más é Coimisiún na Talún an duine sin, aon chearta eile úinéireachta a fheidhmiú lena n-áirítear an ceart chun seilbh ghlan a chur i bhfeidhm), nó
(b) an muirear sin a aistriú nó a mhuirearú nó lian a bhunú air tríd an deimhniú muirir a thaisceadh,
sula mbeidh sé féin cláraithe mar úinéir na talún nó an mhuirir, féadfaidh sé é sin a dhéanamh faoi réir aon ualaí nó ceart a luíonn ar a leas agus a bheadh taifeadta sa chlár dá mbeadh sé féin tar éis teacht chun bheith ina úinéir cláraithe ar an talamh nó an muirear agus fairis sin faoi réir na bhforálacha den Acht seo a bhaineann le déileálacha cláraithe ar chomaoin luachmhar, agus ar an modh céanna, agus leis an éifeacht chéanna, agus dá mba é an t-úinéir cláraithe é tráth an aistrithe, an mhuirearaithe nó an taiscthe, cibé acu é, a dhéanamh.
Scaireanna neamhroinnte agus comhúinéirí.
91.—(1) Féadfar úinéir aon scaire nó scaireanna neamhroinntein aon talamh nó i muirear a chlárú maille leis na taifid fhorordaithe sa chlár chun a thaispeáint cad é an scair atá aige sa talamh nó sa mhuirear.
(2) Féadfar, ar cibé modh agus faoi réir cibé coinníollacha a fhorordófar, beirt nó níos mó a chlárú mar úinéirí ar an talamh céanna nó ar mhuirear ar thalamh, agus nuair a chlárófar beirt nó níos mó amhlaidh measfar iad a bheith ina nasc-thionóntaí mura bhfuil taifead sa chlár á chur in iúl gur tionóntaí i gcoiteannas iad.
(3) Ar bheirt nó níos mó a chlárú mar úinéirí ar an talamh céanna nó ar an muirear céanna, féadfar, lena dtoiliú, taifead a chur sa chlár á chur in iúl nach cead, i gcás líon na n-úinéirí sin a laghdú faoi bhun uimhreach áirithe a shonrófar, aon diúscairt chláraithe a dhéanamh ar an talamh nó an muirear, ach amháin le hordú na cúirte.
(4) Ar bheirt nó níos mó a chlárú mar úinéirí ar an talamh céanna nó an muirear céanna, más deimhin leis an gCláraitheoir go bhfuil líon ar bith de na húinéirí sin is lú ná a líon iomlán i dteideal diúscairt chláraithe a dhéanamh ar an talamh nó an muirear, cuirfidh sé taifead dá réir sin sa chlár, agus beidh de chumhacht ag an líon sin de na húinéirí sin diúscairt chláraithe a dhéanamh ar an talamh nó an muirear gan ordú ón gcúirt d'ainneoin na bhforálacha roimhe seo den alt seo.
Fógra i dtaobh iontaobhas.
92.—(1) Faoi réir forálacha an Achta seo, ní thaifeadfar fógra i dtaobh iontaobhais sa chlár.
(2) Ní bheidh aon duine acu seo a leanas, de bhíthin amháin ionstraim maidir le talamh a bheith faighte ag an gCláraitheoir chun críocha clárúcháin, faoi éifeacht ag fógra i dtaobh aon iontaobhais san ionstraim sin nó a thig de chionn nithe san ionstraim sin:
(a) an Cláraitheoir;
(b) aistrí cláraithe chun ar aistríodh an talamh ar chomaoin luachmhar;
(c) úinéir cláraithe muirir a bunaíodh ar chomaoin luachmhar ar an talamh;
(d) duine a bheidh á éileamh go bhfuil leas aige a bunaíodh ar chomaoin luachmhar in ualach cláraithe ar an talamh.
(3) San alt seo folaíonn “iontaobhas” iontaobhais sainráite, intuigthe agus inchiallaithe.
Follasú ionstraimí agus fíoras a bhaineann leis an teideal.
93.—(1) I gcás—
(a) ina ndéanfar iarratas go gclárófaí úinéir aon talún ar gá scrúdú teidil ina leith, nó
(b) ina mbeidh ócáid ag an gCláraitheoir, i gcúrsa a dhualgas, chun an teideal chun talún cláraithe nó chun ualaigh ar thalamh cláraithe a imscrúdú,
tabharfar ar aird mionnscríbhinn á rá go ndearnadh, de réir mar is fearr is eol don teisteoir agus mar a chreideann sé, gach gníomhas, uacht, ionstraim theidil agus eire a bhaineann leis an teideal, agus gach fíoras ábhartha maidir leis an teideal, a nochtadh don Chláraitheoir.
(2) Féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir a cheangal ar aon duine a dhéanfaidh mionnscríbhinn de bhun an ailt seo a rá sa mhionnscríbhinn conas a fuair sé eolas ar na nithe éagsúla dá dtagraítear san alt; agus más é tuairim an Chláraitheora gur gá nó gurb inmhianaithe aon fhianaise bhreise, féadfaidh sé diúltú an clárú a dhéanamh nó aon taifead a chur nó a chealú sa chlár, go dtí go dtabharfar ar aird an fhianaise bhreise sin.
Gníomhais a thabhairt ar aird.
94.—I gcás—
(a) ina ndéanfar iarratas chun úinéir talún a chlárú, nó
(b) ina mbeidh ócáid ag an gCláraitheoir, i gcúrsa a dhualgas, chun an teideal chun talún cláraithe nó chun ualaigh ar thalamh cláraithe a imscrúdú,
más rud é go mbeidh ina sheilbh nó ina choimeád ag duine ar bith aon ghníomhais, uachtanna nó ionstraimí a bhaineann leis an teideal, agus a bhfuil teideal ag an iarratasóir nó ag aon iontaobhaí dó chun go dtabharfaí ar aird iad nó ar dóigh leis an gCláraitheoir, ar aon ócáid den sórt sin, gur gá iad a thabhairt ar aird chun críche an imscrúdaithe sin, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir a cheangal ar an duine sin cúis a shuíomh, laistigh de thréimhse theoranta, chun nach dtabharfadh sé ar aird na gníomhais, na huachtanna nó na hionstraimí sin, nó aon cheann acu, agus, mura suífear cúis chun sástacht an Chláraitheora laistigh den tréimhse theoranta, féadfaidh sé a ordú go dtabharfar na gníomhais, na huachtanna nó na hionstraimí, nó aon cheann acu, ar aird, ar chostas an iarratasóra, cibé am agus i cibé áit, agus ar cibé dóigh, agus ar cibé téarmaí, is cuí leis.
Gníomhais a mharcáil le fógra a gcláraithe.
95.—Faoi réir rialacha ginearálta, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, más cuí leis é, sula gcláróidh sé duine mar úinéir talún, a cheangal air cibé doiciméid teidil a thabhairt ar aird a thabharfaidh, i dtuairim an Chláraitheora, ar iad a bheith stampáilte nó marcáilte ar dhóigh eile, fógra d'aon cheannaitheoir nó d'aon duine eile a bheadh ag déileáil leis an talamh go ndearnadh an clárú, nó an Cláraitheoir a shásamh ar dhóigh eile nach féidir an clárú a cheilt ar cheannaitheoir ná ar aon duine eile a bheadh ag déileáil leis an talamh, agus féadfaidh sé aon doiciméid a thabharfar ar aird amhlaidh a stampáil nó a mharcáil ar dhóigh eile.
Rabhthaí agus Toirmisc
Rabhadh i gcoinne céadchlárú talún.
96.—(1) Aon duine a bheidh á éileamh go bhfuil leas aige i dtalamh neamhchláraithe de shórt a thugann teideal dó agóid a dhéanamh in aghaidh a dhiúscartha gan toiliú uaidh, nó a bheidh á éileamh gurb eireadóir é ar thalamh neamhchláraithe, féadfaidh sé, más ar dhóigh seachas faoi ionstraim a chláraíodh i gClárlann na nGníomhas a bheidh sé á éileamh sin, ar mhionnscríbhinn san fhoirm fhorordaithe i dtaobh a leasa a thabhairt ar aird, rabhadh a thaisceadh leis an gCláraitheoir á rá go bhfuil an rabhdóir i dteideal fógra i dtaobh aon iarratais a dhéanfar chun úinéir ar an talamh a chlárú.
(2) Air sin, ní chlárófar úinéir ar an talamh go dtí go mbeifear tar éis fógra a sheirbheáil ar an rabhdóir chun láithriú agus, más cuí leis é, cur i gcoinne an chláraithe, agus go mbeidh an tréimhse fhorordaithe caite ón data a seirbheáladh an fógra nó a thaifid an rabhdóir láithreas, cibé acu sin is túisce a tharlóidh.
(3) Má thaisceann duine ar bith rabhadh faoin alt seo gan chúis réasúnach, dlífidh sé cúiteamh a dhéanamh, a bheidh inghnóthaithe mar fhiach conartha shimplí, le haon duine a ndearna an rabhadh damáiste dó.
Rabhadh i gcoinne déileálacha cláraithe.
97.—(1) Aon duine a bheidh i dteideal aon chirt i dtalamh cláraithe nó i muirear cláraithe nó chun an chéanna nó thairis, féadfaidh sé, ar mhionnscríbhinn san fhoirm fhorordaithe i dtaobh a chirt a thabhairt ar aird, rabhadh a thaisceadh leis an gCláraitheoir nach mbeidh aon déileáil leis an talamh nó leis an muirear le déanamh ag an úinéir cláraithe go dtí go seirbheálfar fógra ar an rabhdóir.
(2) Air sin, ní dhéanfaidh an Cláraitheoir, gan toiliú an rabhdóra, aon déileáil leis an talamh nó leis an muirear, cibé acu é, a chlárú go dtí go mbeidh fógra seirbheáilte aige ar an rabhdóir, ag tabhairt foláirimh dó go rachaidh a rabhadh in éag tar éis an tréimhse fhorordaithe a bheith caite.
(3) Tar éis an tréimhse sin a bheith caite, rachaidh an rabhadh in éag mura ndéanfaidh an Cláraitheoir ordú dá mhalairt, agus ar an rabhadh a dhul in éag amhlaidh féadfar déileáil leis an talamh nó leis an muirear ionann is dá mbeifí gan an rabhadh a thaisceadh.
(4) Más rud é, roimh dheireadh na tréimhse sin, go láithreoidh an rabhdóir, nó duine éigin eile thar a cheann, agus go dtabharfaidh sé, má cheanglaíonn an cláraitheoir air é, urrús leordhóthanach chun gach duine a shlánú in aghaidh aon damáiste a bhainfeadh dó de chionn aon déileáil leis an talamh nó leis an muirear a mhoilliú, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, más cuí leis é, clárú aon déileála leis an talamh nó leis an muirear a mhoilliú go ceann cibé tréimhse breise is cuí leis.
(5) Má thaisceann duine ar bith rabhadh faoin alt seo gan chúis réasúnach, dlífidh sé cúiteamh a dhéanamh, a bheidh inghnóthaithe mar fhiach conartha shimplí, le haon duine a ndearna an rabhadh damáiste dó.
(6) I gcás rabhadh a thaiscfear thar ceann údaráis reachtúil, féadfar, de rogha an Chláraitheora, glacadh le deimhniú san fhoirm fhorordaithe in ionad mionnscríbhinne.
Toirmeasc ar dhéileálacha cláraithe.
98.—(1) Féadfaidh an chúirt nó, faoi réir achomhairc chun na cúirte, an Cláraitheoir, ar iarratas ó aon duine ag a bhfuil leas in aon talamh nó muirear cláraithe, tar éis a ordú go ndéanfar cibé fiosruithe (más ann) agus go dtabharfar cibé fógraí, agus tar éis cibé daoine a éisteacht, is dóigh leis an gcúirt nó leis an gCláraitheoir a bheith fóirsteanach, ordú a dhéanamh nó, i gcás iarratais chun an Chláraitheora, taifead a dhéanamh, á thoirmeasc aon déileáil a dhéanamh le haon talamh nó muirear cláraithe go ceann tréimhse, nó go dtí go dtarlóidh teagmhas a ainmneofar san ordú nó sa taifead, nó mura rud é go bhfaighfear toiliú ó dhuine éigin a shonrófar nó go mbeifear tar éis fógra a thabhairt dó roimh ré, nó go ginearálta go dtí go ndéanfar ordú nó taifead eile.
(2) Déanfaidh an Cláraitheoir, ar iarratas ón duine a fuair ordú ón gcúirt faoi fhorálacha an ailt seo, an t-ordú a thaifeadadh sa chlár ar an modh forordaithe.
(3) Féadfaidh an chúirt nó an Cláraitheoir aon téarmaí nó coinníollacha is cuí leo a chur ag gabháil le haon ordú nó taifead den sórt sin, agus féadfaidh siad aon ordú den sórt sin a urscaoileadh nó aon taifead den sórt sin a chealú, agus go ginearálta féadfaidh siad cibé cumhachtaí a fheidhmiú is gá de réir cheartais an cháis; ach ní thabharfaidh aon ní san fho-alt seo cumhacht don Chláraitheoir chun ordú a bheidh déanta ag an gcúirt a urscaoileadh.
(4) (a) Ní údaróidh aon ní san alt seo aon srianta a chur le cumhachtaí tionónta saoil, nó duine a bhfuil cumhachtaí tionónta saoil aige, faoi na hAchtanna um Thalamh Socraithe.
(b) Féadfar aon taifead a bheidh déanta faoin alt seo a tharraingt siar nó a mhodhnú ar thionscnamh na ndaoine go léir a dtaispeánfar ar an gclár go bhfuil leas acu ann.
Talamh Socraithe
Forálacha maidir le húinéirí teoranta.
1882, c. 38.
1884, c. 18.
99.—(1) Nuair a chlárófar duine mar úinéir teoranta faoi shocraíocht, déanfar ainmneacha iontaobhaithe na socraíochta, más ann, a thaifeadadh sa chlár.
(2) Nuair a chlárófar duine mar úinéir teoranta ar thalamh socraithe—
(a) ní thabharfaidh sin don duine a chlárófar amhlaidh, amhail in aghaidh aon duine a dhéanfaidh éileamh faoin tsocraíocht, aon chumhachtaí chun déileáil leis an talamh thar mar a bheadh ag tionónta saoil faoi na hAchtanna um Thalamh Socraithe; ná
(b) ní thabharfaidh sé do shannaí, réadtiomnaí nó ionadaí pearsanta an úinéara theoranta, ná dá shannaí nó dá iontaobhaí i bhféimheacht, aon eastát nó leas thar mar a bheadh aige ar dhóigh eile; ná
(c) ní bhainfidh sé d'aon iontaobhaí faoin tsocraíocht aon chumhachtaí chun déileáil leis an talamh a bheadh aige ar dhóigh eile.
(3) Má bhíonn duine, trí oibriú dlí nó ar dhóigh eile, ina shannaí do dhuine a cláraíodh mar úinéir teoranta ar thalamh, déanfar, ar iarratas uaidh, ainm an tsannaí a thaifeadadh sa chlár agus an focal “sannaí”, nó cibé focail eile a fhorordófar, ina theannta. Mura ndéantar an taifead sin leanfaidh clárú an úinéara theoranta d'éifeacht a bheith aige ionann is dá mba nach ndearnadh aon sannadh.
(4) Ní bheidh an t-úinéir cláraithe ar mhuirear a cláraíodh mar ualach ar eastát úinéara theoranta chláraithe, ná ní mheasfar go raibh sé riamh, sa cháil sin dó, ina shannaí ar eastát an úinéara theoranta sin de réir bhrí an ailt seo; ach ní oibreoidh aon ní san fho-alt seo chun cosc a chur le feidhm alt 50 den Settled Land Act, 1882, maidir le haon mhuirear den sórt sin.
(5) Nuair a cheapfar iontaobhaí nua, déanfaidh an Cláraitheoir, má iarrtar sin, agus má thugtar an fhianaise fhorordaithe ar aird, a ainm a thaifeadadh dá réir sin.
(6) Ní bheidh feidhm ag forálacha an Achta seo maidir le clárú úinéirí teoranta i gcás talún socraithe de réir bhrí alt 63 den Settled Land Act, 1882, mura rud é go dtugann an tsocraíocht don úinéir teoranta na cumhachtaí a thugtar leis an Settled Land Act, 1882, do thionónta saoil, nó go mbeidh ordú a rinneadh faoin Settled Land Act, 1884, i bhfeidhm, tráth an iarratais ar chlárú.
(7) Nuair a dhéanfar ordú den sórt sin maidir le talamh cláraithe, is é éifeacht a bheidh leis go mbeidh an duine atá chun cumhachtaí tionónta saoil ar an talamh a fheidhmiú de bhun an ailt sin cláraithe mar úinéir teoranta na talún faoi réir cibé toirmeasc (más ann) a mheasfar a bheith fóirsteanach, agus ní gá an t-ordú a chlárú mar lis pendens.
(8) Ní bheidh duine faoi éifeacht ag fógra i dtaobh iontaobhais aon socraíochta de bhíthin aon duine a chlárú mar úinéir teoranta faoin tsocraíocht ná de bhíthin aon tagairt don tsocraíocht a thaifeadadh ar an gclár.
Iontaobhaithe
Cumhacht d'iontaobhaí treoracha a iarraidh ar an gcúirt.
100.—(1) Má bhíonn iontaobhaí, nó duine eile a bheidh ag gníomhú i gcáil mhuiníneach, in amhras i dtaobh cén duine is ceart a chlárú faoin Acht seo, nó i dtaobh aon ní eile a gceanglaítear air nó a n-údaraítear dó faoin Acht seo gníomhú ina leith, féadfaidh sé treoracha a iarraidh ar an gcúirt.
(2) Na costais, na táillí agus na caiteachais faoina rachaidh iontaobhaí nó duine eile a bheidh ag gníomhú i gcáil mhuiníneach (lena n-áirítear úinéir teoranta ag feidhmiú cumhachtaí faoi na hAchtanna um Thalamh Socraithe nó faoin Acht seo) go cuí in aon imeacht nó iarratas, nó i ndáil le haon imeacht nó iarratas, a cheanglaítear a dhéanamh nó a údaraítear leis an Acht seo, nó le haon rialacha faoin Acht seo, measfar gur costais, táillí, agus caiteachais iad a ndeachaigh sé fúthu go cuí i bhfeidhmiú a iontaobhais nó a dhualgais, agus i gcás imeachta os comhair an chláraitheora, nó iarratais chuige, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir iad a chinntiú agus a dhearbhú go críochnaitheach.
Daoine faoi Mhíchumas
Naíona.
101.—(1) Más naíon an t-úinéir cláraithe ar thalamh nó ar mhuirear, tuairisceofar amhlaidh é sa chlár, ach féadfar an tuairisc sin a bhaint as ar an iarratas forordaithe a fháil.
(2) Féadfaidh cibé duine a bheidh forordaithe nó a bheidh ceaptha ag an gcúirt feidhmiú ar son naín chun gach ceann nó aon cheann de chríocha an Achta seo.
Daoine mímheabhracha.
1871, c. 22.
102.—(1) I gcás gealt a breithníodh ina gheilt ag ionchoisne, féadfaidh cúramaí a eastáit feidhmiú ar a shon chun gach ceann nó aon cheann de chríocha an Achta seo.
(2) I gcás duine mhímheabhraigh nár breithníodh ina dhuine mímheabhrach ag ionchoisne, féadfaidh a chúramaí nó a chaomhnóir (más ann) a ceapadh faoin Lunacy Regulation (Ireland) Act, 1871, nó, murar ceapadh aon chúramaí nó caomhnóir den sórt sin, caomhnóir a cheapfaidh an chúirt, feidhmiú ar a shon chun gach ceann nó aon cheann de chríocha an Achta seo.
(3) I gcás duine lagmheabhraigh atá go sealadach éagumasach ar a ghnóthaí a rialú, féadfaidh a chaomhnóir (más ann) a ceapadh faoi alt 103 den Lunacy Regulation (Ireland) Act, 1871, nó, murar ceapadh aon chaomhnóir den sórt sin amhlaidh, caomhnóir a cheapfaidh an chúirt, feidhmiú ar a shon chun gach ceann nó aon cheann de chríocha an Achta seo.
Féimheacht
Forálacha maidir le féimheacht úinéara chláraithe.
103.—(1) Nuair a thíolacfar achainí féimheachta nó achainí chomhshocraíochta, tabharfaidh cláraitheoir na cúirte don Chláraitheoir fógra gur tíolacadh an achainí, agus air sin bhéarfaidh an Cláraitheoir go gcuirfear taifead sa chlár á thoirmeasc, go ceann tréimhse trí mhí ó dháta na hachainí, aon déileáil a dhéanamh le haon talamh nó muirear cláraithe ar dealraitheach baint a bheith ag an achainí leis.
(2) Má éiríonn aon amhras i dtaobh cé hé an féichiúnaí nó mura féidir a chinntiú go héasca go bhfuil muirear ann a cláraíodh in ainm an fhéichiúnaí, déanfaidh an Cláraitheoir, a luaithe is féidir tar éis dó fógra a fháil gur tíolacadh an achainí agus tar éis cibé fiosruithe a dhéanamh agus cibé fógraí (más ann) a thabhairt a mheasfaidh sé is gá, cibé beart is dóigh leis is inmholta a dhéanamh sa chás sin.
(3) Má thugtar fógra faoin alt seo gur tíolacadh achainí agus—
(a) go ndíbhfear an achainí nó nach rachfar ar aghaidh léi ina dhiaidh sin, nó
(b) go mbreithneofar an t-úinéir cláraithe ina fhéimheach agus go gcuirfear an breithniú ar neamhní ina dhiaidh sin, nó
(c) i gcás comhshocraíochta, nach dtiocfaidh aon dílsiú ar thalamh cláraithe nó ar mhuirear cláraithe de bhua na comhshocraíochta, tabharfaidh cláraitheoir na cúirte fógra dá réir sin don Chláraitheoir agus air sin cealóidh an Cláraitheoir aon taifead a rinneadh faoi fho-alt (1).
(4) I gcás talamh cláraithe nó muirear cláraithe a theacht de réir dlí chun bheith dílsithe do shannaithe nó d'iontaobhaithe chun tairbhe chreidiúnaithe an úinéara chláraithe, beidh na sannaithe nó na hiontaobhaithe i dteideal a gcláraithe mar úinéirí na talún nó an mhuirir nó, i gcás talún socraithe, mar shannaithe an úinéara chláraithe. Ar chlárú a dhéanamh amhlaidh cealóidh an Cláraitheoir aon taifead a rinneadh faoi fho-alt (1).
Dleachtanna Stampa
Dleachtanna stampa.
104.—Sula gclárófar ceannaitheoir mar úinéir céadchláraithe ar thalamh agus sula gclárófar aon diúscairt ar thalamh cláraithe, beidh sé de dhualgas ar an gCláraitheoir a chinntiú gur íocadh na dleachtanna stampa go léir a bheadh iníoctha dá mba le diúscairt neamhchláraithe a tíolacadh an talamh chun an cheannaitheora nó dá mba dhiúscairt neamhchláraithe an diúscairt a bhí le clárú.
Deimhnithe agus Fógraí
Deimhnithe.
105.—(1) Faoi réir rialacha ginearálta, déanfar an deimhniú talún nó an deimhniú muirir a deonaíodh nuair a cláraíodh úinéir ar thalamh, nó ar mhuirear ar thalamh, a thabhairt ar aird don Chláraitheoir i gcás aon idirbhirt ina dhiaidh sin is gá a chlárú maidir leis an talamh nó leis an muirear, cibé acu é, agus cealófar é nó athrófar é ar chuma go mbeidh sé i gcomhréir leis an gclár.
(2) Faoi réir rialacha ginearálta, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir, ar iarratas ón úinéir cláraithe, nó ó aon duine a bhfeicfear don Chláraitheoir gur duine é atá i dteideal a cheangal go dtabharfaí deimhniú talún nó deimhniú muirir ar aird dó, a ordú d'aon duine a bhfuil an deimhniú ina choimeád aige an deimhniú a thabhairt ar aird don Chláraitheoir chun críche aon déileála leis an talamh nó an muirear cláraithe is féidir a dhéanamh gan toiliú an duine a bhfuil an deimhniú ina choimeád aige.
(3) Má thugtar deimhniú ar aird faoin alt seo, ní athróidh sé sin an ceart chun an deimhniú a choimeád, ná ní dhéanfaidh sé difear d'aon lian a bheidh ag duine ar bith ar an deimhniú.
(4) Beidh deimhniú talún nó deimhniú muirir ina fhianaise prima facie ar na nithe éagsúla a bheidh ann.
(5) Faoi réir aon cheart a bheidh cláraithe, nuair a thaiscfear deimhniú talún nó deimhniú muirir, beidh an éifeacht chéanna, chun lian a bhunú ar an talamh nó an muirear lena mbaineann an deimhniú, ag an taisceadh sin agus a bheadh ag taisceadh gníomhas teidil i leith talún neamhchláraithe nó i leith muirir air.
Seoltaí agus fógraí.
106.—(1) Gach duine a mbeidh a ainm taifeadta ar an gclár mar úinéir talún nó muirir, nó mar rabhdóir, nó mar dhuine atá i dteideal aon fhógra a fháil, nó in aon cháil eile, tabharfaidh sé don Chláraitheoir ainm áite is seoladh dó sa Stát.
(2) Faoi réir rialacha ginearálta, seirbheálfaidh an Cláraitheoir gach fógra is gá de réir an Achta seo a sheirbheáil ar aon duine den sórt sin, agus seirbheálfar é go pearsanta, nó cuirfear é leis an bpost i litir chláraithe a bheidh marcáilte ar an taobh amuigh ar an modh forordaithe agus a bheidh dírithe chun an duine ag an seoladh a tugadh amhlaidh don Chláraitheoir, agus, mura gcuirtear ar ais í, measfar, mura gcruthaítear a mhalairt, í a bheith faighte ag an duine chun ar díríodh í laistigh de cibé tréimhse a bheidh forordaithe.
(3) Má tharlaíonn nach gcuirfear chuig ceannaitheoir cláraithe ar chomaoin luachmhar aon fhógra a ordaítear leis an Acht seo a thabhairt, nó nach bhfaighidh sé an fógra sin, ní dhéanfaidh sin difear dó mura rud é go raibh a fhios aige nár cuireadh chuige, nó nach bhfuarthas, an fógra roimh an gclárú.
Cuardach agus Tosaíocht
Cláir agus léarscáileanna a chuardach.
107.—(1) Féadfaidh duine ar bith aon taifead i gclár, nó aon treoir le clár, agus aon léarscáil chlárlainne, a scrúdú, cibé tráthanna agus ar cibé coinníollacha a fhorordófar.
(2) Féadfaidh duine ar bith a iarraidh ar an gCláraitheoir cuardach oifigiúil a dhéanamh i gclár nó i léarscáil chlárlainne agus deimhniú ar thoradh an chuardaigh a eisiúint.
Tosaíocht a thugtar le deimhniú ar chuardach oifigiúil.
108.—(1) Más deimhin leis an gCláraitheoir go bhfuil an duine chun ar eisíodh deimhniú ar thoradh cuardaigh oifigiúil tar éis dul i gconradh chun an talamh lena mbaineann an deimhniú a cheannach, nó chun léas a thógáil air, nó chun airgead a thabhairt ar iasacht faoi urrús muirir air, cuirfidh an Cláraitheoir, ar iarratas an duine sin, taifead sa chlár san fhoirm fhorordaithe.
(2) In aon chás den sórt sin, beidh ag iarratas go gclárófar an ionstraim chun an conradh a chomhlánú, ar choinníoll go mbeidh an t-iarratas in ordú agus go seachadfar é sa phríomhoifig laistigh de thréimhse cheithre lá dhéag tar éis dáta an deimhnithe a eisiúint, tosaíocht ar aon iarratas eile ar chlárú a dhéanfar i leith na talún laistigh den tréimhse sin.
CUID IV
Cineachadh i gcás Báis agus Titim d'Oidhreacht i gcás Díthiomnachta
Feidhm Chuid IV.
109.—Baineann an Chuid seo le gach talamh cláraithe.
Cineachadh talún cláraithe
110.—Beidh feidhm maidir le gach talamh cláraithe ag an dlí a bhaineann le cineachadh eastáit réadaigh i gcás báis faoi mar atá feidhm aige maidir le heastát réadach.
Comharbas ar leas tairbhiúil i dtalamh cláraithe i gcás díthiomnachta.
111.—Gach talamh cláraithe a chineachfaidh ar ionadaithe pearsanta duine éagtha, dáilfear é i gcás díthiomnachta ionann is dá mba eastát pearsanta é.
Deireadh leis na rialacha maidir le titim d'oidhreacht i gcás talamh ruílse cláraithe.
112.—(1) Déantar leis seo gach uile riail, modh agus canóin atá ar marthain maidir le titim d'oidhreacht agus le cineachaidh trí áitíocht speisialta a chur ar ceal i gcás gach talamh ruílse cláraithe ach amháin sa mhéid go mbeadh feidhm acu maidir le heastát sainoidhrithe a thitim d'oidhreacht.
(2) Déantar leis seo duar, tionóntacht chórtais agus eiséatadh a chur ar ceal maidir leis an talamh sin.
Cosaint i gcás básanna roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo.
113.—(1) Ní bheidh feidhm ag na forálacha roimhe seo denChuid seo ach amháin i gcásanna báis tar éis tosach feidhme an Achta seo.
(2) I gcásanna báis roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo, leanfaidh forálacha Chuid IV d'Acht 1891 d'fheidhm a bheith acu maidir le gach talamh a bhí faoi réir forálacha na Coda sin díreach roimh an tosach feidhme sin.
An bhrí atá le “oidhrí”.
114.—Maidir le talamh ruílse cláraithe, beidh éifeacht ag na forálacha seo a leanas—
(a) nuair a úsáidtear “oidhre” nó “oidhrí” mar fhocal cinnteachta in aon achtachán, gníomhas nó ionstraim a ritheadh nó a forghníomhaíodh roimh dháta an Achta seo a rith, nó a rithfear nó a fhorghníomhofar dá éis sin, beidh an éifeacht chéanna leis agus a bheadh dá mba nár ritheadh an tAcht seo;
(b) nuair a úsáidtear “oidhre” nó “oidhrí” mar fhocal ceannaigh in aon achtachán, gníomhas nó ionstraim a ritheadh nó a forghníomhaíodh roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo, beidh an bhrí chéanna leis agus a bheadh dá mba nár ritheadh an tAcht seo;
(c) nuair a úsáidtear an focal “oidhre” nó “oidhrí” mar fhocal ceannaigh in aon achtachán, gníomhas nó ionstraim a rithfear nó a fhorghníomhofar tar éis tosach feidhme an Achta seo, déanfar, mura léir a mhalairt d'intinn, é a fhorléiriú chun go gciallóidh sé an duine nó na daoine, seachas creidiúnaí, ag a mbeadh teideal tairbhiúil chun eastát pearsanta an tsinsir dá mba rud é gur éag an sinsear ina dhíthiomnóir;
(d) faoi réir a bhfuil ráite anseo roimhe seo, déanfar tagairtí d'oidhrí aon duine in aon achtachán, gníomhas nó ionstraim a ritheadh nó a forghníomhaíodh roimh dháta an Achta seo a rith, nó a rithfear nó a fhorghníomhófar dá éis sin, a fhorléiriú mar thagairtí dá ionadaithe pearsanta.
CUID V
Forálacha Ilghnéitheacha
Neamhniú coinníollacha áirithe i gconarthaí chun talamh cláraithe a dhíol nó a chur faoi mhuirear.
115.—Gach coinníoll i gconradh chun talamh cláraithe a dhíol nó a mhuirearú, nó chun muirear cláraithe a aistriú, trína gcoisctear ar an gceannaitheoir nó ar an duine atá le bheith ina mhuirearóir nó ina aistrí (cibé acu é) foréilimh a dhéanamh maidir le hualaí i gcoitinne nó maidir le haon ualach áirithe a bheadh, de bhua alt 72, ag luí ar an talamh, beidh sé ar neamhní.
Talamh a dhíolmhú óna chlárú i gClárlann na nGníomhas.
116.—(1) Ar úinéireacht aon eastáit nó leasa i dtalamh a chlárú faoin acht seo, beidh an t-eastát nó an leas sin díolmhaithe, ar dháta an chláraithe agus dá éis, ó fhorálacha na n-achtachán a bhaineann le Clárlann na nGníomhas; agus ní gá gníomhas ná doiciméad eile a bhainfidh leis an eastát nó leis an leas sin, agus a fhorghníomhófar nó a thiocfaidh i ngníomh ar an dáta sin nó dá éis, a chlárú i gClárlann na nGníomhas, mura mbaineann sé freisin le talamh neamhchláraithe. Ní bheidh d'éifeacht, áfach, ag clárú na húinéireachta sin go ndíolmhóidh sé ó chlárú i gClárlann na nGníomhas aon ghníomhas nó doiciméad a bhaineann leis an teideal chun aon eastáit nó leasa eile sa talamh seachas gníomhas nó doiciméad ag bunú an eastáit nó an leasa sin.
(2) Nuair a chlárófar úinéireacht aon eastáit nó leasa i dtalamh faoin Acht seo, tabharfar meabhrachán ar an gclárú, san fhoirm fhorordaithe, do Chláraitheoir na nGníomhas, agus cláróidh seisean an meabhrachán láithreach i gClárlann na nGníomhas gan aon táille ná dleacht a bhaint amach as é sin a dhéanamh.
(3) Nuair is gá, de réir aon achtacháin, aon ghníomhas nó doiciméad eile a chlárú i gClárlann na nGníomhas laistigh de thréimhse áirithe nó ar dhóigh eile, is comhlíonadh ar fhorálacha an achtacháin sin an teideal faoin ngníomhas sin nó faoin doiciméad eile sin a chlárú (laistigh den tréimhse chéanna, i gcás ina gceanglaítear clárú laistigh de thréimhse áirithe).
Díolúine ó ualaí a chlárófar faoin Acht seo a chlárú in áit eile.
117.—(1) Nuair a chlárófar ualach faoin Acht seo is ionann éifeacht dó agus clárú a dhéanamh, agus bhéarfaidh sé nach gá clárú a dhéanamh, ar aon ghníomhas nó doiciméad a bhaineann leis an ualach sin, i gClárlann na nGníomhas. I gcás leasa léasaigh nach mbeidh a úinéireacht cláraithe faoin Acht seo, is leis an léas féin amháin a ghabhfaidh an díolúine sin agus ní beidh réim aici maidir le haon ghníomhas nó doiciméad eile a bhaineann leis an teideal chun an leasa léasaigh.
(2) (a) Nuair a dhéanfar ar an modh forordaithe breithiúnas, ordú, ionchoisne, cúirtbhanna nó banna Stáit a chlárú mar ualach faoin Acht seo, is ionann éifeacht dó agus clárú a dhéanamh, agus bhéarfaidh sé nach gá clárú a dhéanamh, chun aon chríche maidir leis an talamh, ar an gcéanna i gClárlann na mBreithiúnas;
(b) Ní dhéanfaidh aon bhreithiúnas, ordú, ionchoisne, cúirtbhanna ná banna den sórt sin difear d'aon talamh cláraithe maidir le ceannaitheoirí, morgáistithe nó creidiúnaithe, tar éis cúig bliana a bheith caite ó dháta an chláraithe sin, mura ndéanfar ná go dtí go ndéanfar é a athchlárú ar an modh forordaithe faoin Acht seo laistigh de chúig bliana roimh fhorghníomhú an tíolacais, na socraíochta, an mhorgáiste, an léasa, nó na hionstraime eile a dhéanann an ceart dlíthiúil nó an ceart cothromasach chun an eastáit nó an leasa a dhílsiú d'aon cheannaitheoir nó morgáistí den sórt sin nó a aistriú chuige ar chomaoin luachmhar, ná maidir le creidiúnaithe laistigh de chúig bliana sular fhaibhrigh ceart an chreidiúnaí sin, agus é a athchlárú amhlaidh ag deireadh gach cúig bliana ina dhiaidh sin.
Díolúine an údaráis chlárúcháin.
118.—Ní bheidh údarás clárúcháin, ná ní bheidh aon duine a bheidh ag gníomhú faoina údarás nó faoi aon ordú nó riail ghinearálta a dhéanfar de bhun an Achta seo, faoi dhliteanas ó thaobh aon chaingne, agra nó imeachta i gcás nó i leith aon ghnímh nó ní a rinneadh nó a fágadh gan déanamh bona fide i bhfeidhmiú, nó á cheapadh go rabhthas ag feidhmiú, cumhachtaí an Achta seo nó aon ordaithe nó rialach ginearálta a dhéanfar de bhun an Achta seo.
Pionóis mar gheall ar chalaois.
119.—(1) Má dhéanann duine ar bith aon chion acu seo a leanas, is é sin le rá—
(a) má fholaíonn sé aon doiciméad nó fíoras, nó má thugann sé iarracht é a fholú, nó má bhíonn sé ionpháirteach ina fholú, i gcúrsa aon imeachtaí os comhair an Chláraitheora nó na cúirte de bhun an Achta seo, le hintinn teideal nó éileamh aon duine a cheilt, nó éileamh falsa a shuíomh, nó
(b) má thugann sé chun críche go calaoiseach nó má dhéanann sé iarracht ar a thabhairt chun críche go calaoiseach, nó má bhíonn sé ionpháirteach ina thabhairt chun críche go calaoiseach, go ndéanfar aon taifeadadh, scriosadh nó athrú sa chlár, nó
(c) má dhéanann sé go toiliúil ráiteas a bheidh bréagach in aon phonc ábhartha in aon mhionnscríbhinn a cheanglaítear nó a údaraítear a dhéanamh chun aon chríche faoin Acht seo, nó faoi aon ordú nó aon rialacha ginearálta a dhéanfar de bhun an Achta seo,
beidh sé ciontach in oilghníomh, agus má chiontaítear é ar díotáil dlífear príosúnacht ar feadh aon téarma nach faide ná dhá bhliain a chur air, nó fineáil nach mó ná cúig chéad punt.
(2) Ní dhéanfaidh aon imeacht ná ciontú i leith aon chiona a dhearbhaítear leis an Acht seo a bheith ina oilghníomh difear d'aon leigheas a mbeadh teideal chuige ag aon duine a bheadh éagóirithe ag an gcion.
(3) Ní thabharfaidh aon ní san Acht seo teideal d'aon duine diúltú follasú iomlán a dhéanamh in aon imeacht dhlíthiúil ná diúltú aon cheist nó agarcheist a fhreagairt in aon imeacht shibhialta; ach ní bheidh aon fhollasú ná freagra den sórt sin inghlactha i bhfianaise i gcoinne an duine sin in aon imeacht choiriúil faoin Acht seo.
Cúiteamh in earráid, brionnú nó calaois maidir le clárú.
120.—(1) Baineann an t-alt seo le caillteanas a bhainfidh d'aon duine—
(a) mar gheall ar cheartú ag an gcúirt ar aon earráid i gclárú de shórt is féidir a cheartú faoi fho-alt (1) d'alt 32, nó
(b) mar gheall ar aon earráid a thúsaigh i gClárlann na Talún (cibé acu trí mhíráiteas, míthuairisc, ligean ar lár nó eile é, agus cibé acu i gclár nó i léarscáil chlárlainne di) agus a tharla i gclárú agus nach mbeidh ceartaithe faoin bhfo-alt sin (1), nó
(c) mar gheall ar aon taifead i gclár nó i léarscáil chlárlainne, nó aon ní a ligeadh ar lár as an gcéanna, agus ar brionnú nó calaois a chúisigh nó a thug i gcrích é, nó
(d) mar gheall ar aon earráid i gcuardach oifigiúil a rinne údarás clárúcháin nó aon oifigeach dá chuid, nó
(e) mar gheall ar neamhchruinneas aon chóipe oifige de chlár nó de léarscáil chlárlainne, nó aon sleachta as an gcéanna, nó aon chóipe oifige d'aon doiciméad nó plean a comhdaíodh i gClárlann na Talún, nó aon sleachta as an gcéanna.
(2) Má tharlaíonn caillteanas lena mbaineann an t-alt seo d'aon duine agus nach é is cúis leis an gcaillteanas, nó nach cuidiú substaintiúil leis, gníomh, faillí nó mainneachtain a rinne sé féin nó a ghníomhaire, beidh an duine sin agus aon duine a ghabhann teideal uaidh i dteideal cúitimh i leith an chaillteanais sin de réir an ailt seo.
(3) I gcás earráid a cheartú ag an gcúirt faoi fho-alt (1) d'alt 32, measfar gur caillteanas lena mbaineann an t-alt seo na costais agus na caiteachais faoina ndeachaigh an t-iarratasóir ag fáil an cheartaithe.
(4) Déanfar an cúiteamh go léir is iníoctha faoin alt seo a íoc as airgead a sholáthróidh an tOireachtas.
(5) Bainfidh na forálacha seo a leanas le gach éileamh ar chúiteamh faoin alt seo:
(a) déanfar an t-éileamh ar an modh forordaithe chun an Chláraitheora agus tabharfar fógra ina thaobh don Aire Airgeadais;
(b) cinnfidh an Cláraitheoir an t-éileamh agus is cinneadh críochnaitheach a bheidh ann mura rud é go mbeidh an tAire Airgeadais nó an t-éilitheoir míshásta leis an gcinneadh sin, agus sa chás sin féadfaidh ceachtar páirtí achomharc a dhéanamh chun na cúirte;
(c) ní ghéillfidh an Cláraitheoir d'aon éileamh tar éis tréimhse sé bliana a bheith caite ón am a d'fhaibhrigh an ceart chun cúitimh mura rud é, ar bheith caite don tréimhse sin, go raibh an duine a bhí i dteideal an t-éileamh a dhéanamh faoi mhíchumas, agus sa chás sin ní ghéillfear don éileamh tar éis dhá bhliain a bheith caite ó tháinig deireadh leis an míchumas, ach beidh cinneadh an Chláraitheora ag diúltú nó ag ceadú éilimh faoin mír seo faoi réir achomhairc chun na cúirte;
(d) chun críocha mhír (c), measfar an ceart chun cúitimh a fhaibhriú—
(i) maidir le haon eastát nó leas i seilbh, ar dháta an chláraithe ba chúis leis an gcaillteanas a bhfuil an cúiteamh á éileamh ina leith, nó
(ii) maidir le haon eastát nó leas i bhfuíoll nó i bhfrithdhílse, ar an dáta a bheadh an t-eastát nó an leas sin tar éis titim i seilbh mura mbeadh an clárú sin a dúradh;
(e) áireofar sa chúiteamh na costais faoina ndeachaigh an t-éilitheoir chun a éileamh a shuíomh.
(6) I gcás ina n-íocfar cúiteamh faoin alt seo le duine ar bith—
(a) beidh an cúiteamh (seachas na costais) inchurtha chun feidhme chun aon eirí a ghlanadh a luíonn ar eastát nó leas an duine sin sa talamh nó sa mhuirear a bhfuil an cúiteamh iníoctha ina leith;
(b) beidh an ceart céanna ag an Aire Airgeadais chun méid an chúitimh sin a ghnóthú ó aon duine ba chúis leis an gcaillteanas, nó a fuair buntáiste as, agus a bheadh ag an duine dar bhain an caillteanas dá mba é a bhí ann díobháil a rinne an duine céadluaite dó.
Toirmeasc de dhroim earráid a aimsiú.
121.—(1) Aon uair a fheicfear don Chláraitheoir go ndearnadh i gclárú aon earráid is féidir a cheartú, féadfaidh an Cláraitheoir cibé toirmeasc is cuí leis ar dhéileálacha leis an talamh, nó leis an ualach, lena mbaineann an earráid sin a thaifeadadh sa chlár chun an Príomh-Chiste a chosaint in aghaidh éileamh ar chúiteamh i leith caillteanas a thiocfaidh as cláruithe a dhéanfar tar éis an earráid sin a aimsiú agus roimh í a cheartú.
(2) Ní bhainfidh toirmeasc a thaifeadfar sa chlár faoin alt seo le haon chlárú a bheidh ar feitheamh iarbhír sa phríomhoifig nuair a thaifeadfar an toirmeasc sin ná ní choiscfidh sé comhlánú an chláraithe sin.
(3) Aon uair a thaifeadfaidh an Cláraitheoir toirmeasc faoin alt seo, cuirfidh sé fógra i dtaobh an toirmisc sin, agus i dtaobh na hearráide ar mar gheall uirthi a taifeadadh é, chun na ndaoine go léir a ndealraíonn sé ón gclár go ndéanann an earráid sin difear dóibh agus chun cibé daoine eile (más ann) a fhorordófar.
Gan úinéir talún le teideal scalbhach a bheith ina iontaobhaí faoi Reacht na dTréimhsí, 1957.
122.—(1) Nuair a chlárófar duine mar úinéir talún le teideal atá, nó a mheastar a bheith, ina theideal sealbhach, ní bheidh seisean ná aon duine a bheidh ag éileamh tríd ina iontaobhaí i leith na talún sin chun críocha Reacht na dTréimhsí, 1957, de bhíthin an chláraithe agus dá bhíthin sin amháin.
(2) Gabhann fo-alt (1) ionad mhír (c) d'fho-alt (2) d'alt 2 de Reacht na dTréimhsí, 1957, a aisghairtear leis an Acht seo.
Éifeacht focal aistrithe.
123.—(1) Aistreoidh ionstraim aistrithe talún ruílse cláraithe gan focail chinnteachta, ná aon abairt chomhionann, an feo simplí nó d'eile an leas iomlán a raibh cumhacht ag an aistreoir é a aistriú sa talamh, mura léir a mhalairt d'intinn san ionstraim.
(2) Déanfaidh ionstraim aistrithe talún ruílse cláraithe chuig corparáid aonair faoina teideal corpraithe gan an focal “comharbaí” an feo simplí nó d'eile an leas iomlán a raibh cumhacht ag an aistreoir é a aistriú sa talamh a aistriú chun na corpráide, mura léir a mhalairt d'intinn san ionstraim.
(3) In ionstraim aistrithe talún cláraithe ní bheidh úsáid ná iontaobhas fillteach don aistreoir intuigthe de bhíthin amháin nach bhfuil sé sainráite go bhfuil an mhaoin á haistriú chun úsáide nó tairbhe an aistrí.
(4) Ní bhaineann an t-alt seo ach amháin le hionstraimí aistrithe a fhorghníomhófar tar éis tosach feidhme an Achta seo.
Cumhacht Feidhmeannach Síochána chun mionnscríbhinní a ghlacadh.
124.—Féadfar mionnscríbhinn a bheidh le déanamh nó le húsáid in aon imeachtaí os comhair an Chláraitheora a mhionnú os comhair Feidhmeannaigh Shíochána agus beidh cumhacht aigesean duine a chur faoi mhionn chuige sin.
Talamh faoin marc uachtar láin a chlárú.
1865, a. 88.
125.—I gcás ina ndéanfar iarratas chun úinéir talún a chlárú agus go bhfeicfear don Chláraitheoir go bhfuil imeall trá, de réir bhrí an Achta Imeall Trágha, 1933, sa talamh, cuirfidh an Cláraitheoir fógra i scríbhinn ina thaobh sin chun an Aire Iompair agus Cumhachta.
Cumhacht chun rialacha agus orduithe a dhéanamh.
1883, c. 20.
126.—(1) Leanfar de Choiste na Rialacha um Chlárú Teidil a thabhairt ar an gcoiste a bunaíodh le halt 73 den Acht Cúirteanna Breithiúnais, 1936.
(2) Féadfaidh Coiste na Rialacha um Chlárú Teidil, le comhthoiliú an Aire Dlí agus Cirt, rialacha ginearálta a dhéanamh chun cuspóirí an Achta seo a chur in éifeacht, agus go sonrach, gan an chumhacht sin roimhe seo a theorannú, maidir le gach ní nó aon ní acu seo a leanas:
(a) an gnó sa phríomhoifig agus sna hoifigí áitiúla a stiúradh, agus cumhachtaí agus dualgais an Chláraitheora agus na gcláraitheoirí áitiúla, agus na n-oifigeach agus na ndaoine go léir a ghabhann leis an bpríomhoifig agus leis na hoifigí áitiúla;
(b) comhbhaint na príomhoifige leis na hoifigí áitiúla;
(c) aistrithe a stiúradh agus eolas a bhaineann le haistrithe a fhoilsiú;
(d) na cláir a dhéanamh agus a choimeád agus treoir a sholáthar dóibh, agus doiciméid a bhaineann le teideal a fhíordheimhniú agus a shlánchoimeád;
(e) an nós imeachta is inleanta, an réamhchúram a bheidh le glacadh, na fógraí a bheidh le tabhairt, agus an fhianaise a bheidh le tabhairt ar aird, sna himeachtaí uile maidir le clárú, agus na himthosca ina ndéanfar, agus na daoine chun a ndéanfar, ceisteanna a tharchur maidir leis an scrúdú ar aon teideal chun talún a bheartaítear a chlárú;
(f) an nós imeachta is inleanta maidir le clárú i gcás gabháltais a mhalartú;
(g) an fhoirm ina mbeidh, agus na coinníollacha faoina mbeidh, taifid le cur sa chlár agus ar dá réir a fhéadfar iad a mhodhnú nó a chealú; an t-ord ina mbeidh taifid maidir leis an talamh céanna le déanamh, agus earráidí cléireachais a cheartú sna cláir nó sna léarscáileanna clárlainne nó in aon doiciméad a bhaineann le clárú;
(h) foirm agus ábhair aon ionstraime, deimhnithe, meabhracháin, mionnscríbhinne nó doiciméid eile a gceanglaítear nó a n-údaraítear é a úsáid nó a thabhairt faoin Acht seo nó chun críocha an Achta seo;
(i) na coinníollacha faoina bhféadfar deimhniú nua talún nó deimhniú nua muirir a thabhairt in ionad deimhnithe a cailleadh, a aghloiteadh nó a díothaíodh;
(j) aon ionstraimí a thiocfaidh ó am go ham i láimh aon oifigigh do Chlárlann na Talún a choimeád;
(k) aon chlár nó doiciméad a bheidh faoi choimeád Chlárlann na Talún a scrúdú agus cóipeanna a dhéanamh de nó sleachta a bhaint as;
(l) na costais agus na táillí a bheidh le baint amach ag atúrnaetha nó ag daoine eile, nó a bheidh le ceadú dóibh, mar gheall ar chlárú nó nithe a ghabhann leis nó a leanann as, nó i leith aon ní eile is gá a dhéanamh chun an tAcht seo a chur i ngníomh, nó ar dhóigh eile i gcomhlíonadh na ndualgas a fhorchuirtear leis an Acht seo nó faoi, nó le haon Acht eile nó faoi, ar údarás clárúcháin, maille le cumhacht chun a cheangal go mbeidh na costais agus na táillí sin iníoctha trí choimisiún, céatadán, nó eile;
(m) costais a fhómhas agus na daoine ag a mbeidh, agus lena mbeidh, costais le fómhas agus le híoc;
(n) dul faoi urrús i leith costais achomhairc faoin Acht seo; agus
(o) aon ní a n-ordaítear nó a n-údaraítear leis an Acht seo é a fhorordú, nó a n-ordaítear nó a n-údaraítear leis an Acht seo rialacha ginearálta a dhéanamh ina leith.
(3) Déanfar foráil le rialacha ginearálta chun go gclárófar, gan costas ar na páirtithe leasmhara, na teidil go léir a taifeadadh faoin Record of Title (Ireland) Act, 1865, agus glacfar cúram sna rialacha sin chun aon chearta a chosaint a fuarthas de bhun an taifeadta sin. Go dtí go ndéanfar an clárú, beidh feidhm ag an Acht sin ina leith sin ionann is dá mba nár ritheadh an tAcht seo.
(4) (a) Gach oifig a bheidh faoi urláimh an Chláraitheora sa cháil sin dó, nó i gcáil Chláraitheoir na nGníomhas dó, beidh sí ar oscailt don phobal cibé laethanta agus ar feadh cibé uaire a chloig a cheapfaidh an tAire Dlí agus Cirt ó am go ham le hordú.
(b) Aisghairtear leis seo an Registry of Deeds Office (Ireland) Holidays Act, 1883.
(c) D'ainneoin alt 2, tiocfaidh an fo-alt seo i ngníomh ar dháta an Achta seo a rith.
Cosaint do bona vacantia.
127.—Ní dhéanfaidh aon ní san Acht seo difear do cheart an Stáit chun aon mhaoine mar bona vacantia.
AN SCEIDEAL
AISGHAIRM
Seisiún agus Caibidil nó Uimhir agus Bliain | Gearrtheideal | Méid na hAisghairme |
10 & 11 Vict. c. 32. | Landed Property Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1847. | Alt 21, sa mhéid go ndéanann sé foráil chun scaoileadh, maidir le talamh cláraithe, a chlárú i gClárlann na nGníomhas. |
34 & 35 Vict. c. 100. | Glebe Loan (Ireland) Amendment Act, 1871. | Alt 13, sa mhéid go ndéanann, sé foráil chun scaoileadh, maidir le talamh cláraithe, a chlárú i gClárlann na nGníomhas. |
38 & 39 Vict. c. 8. | National School Teachers Residences (Ireland) Act, 1875. | In alt 5, an dara mír, sa mhéid go ndéanann sí foráil chun scaoileadh, maidir le talamh cláraithe, a chlárú i gClárlann na nGníomhas. |
54 & 55 Vict. c. 66. | Registration of Title Act, 1891. | An tAcht iomlán. |
3 Edw. 7 c. 37. | Irish Land Act, 1903. | Fo-alt (6) d'alt 3. |
Ailt 58 go 60, agus fo-alt (2) d'alt 63. | ||
Ailt 51 agus 52. | ||
Fo-alt (3) d'alt 30. Alt 31. | ||
Alt 48. | ||
Alt 74. | ||
Alt 7 | ||
An tAcht iomlán. | ||
Mír (c) d'fho-alt (2) d'alt 2. I mír (d) (a cuireadh isteach le halt 26 den Acht um Riaradh Eastát, 1959) d'fho-alt (2) d'alt 2, na focail “nó fo-ailt (1) d'alt 86 d'Acht 1891.” In alt 24, na focail “agus ailt 52 d'Acht 1891.” | ||
Mír (a) d'alt 9. Alt 22. |
Number 16 of 1964.
REGISTRATION OF TITLE ACT, 1964
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Preliminary and General
Section | |
Continuance of existing officers, offices, registers, instruments and documents. |
Land Registry, Registers, Registering Authorities and Jurisdiction
Registration of Ownership
Devolution on Death and Descent on Intestacy
Succession to beneficial interest in registered land on intestacy. | |
Abolition of rules of descent in relation to registered freehold land. | |
Miscellaneous Provisions
REPEALS
Acts Referred to | |
Registration of Title Act, 1891 | 1891, c. 66. |
Irish Bankrupt and Insolvent Act, 1857 | 1857, c. 60. |
Bankruptcy (Ireland) Amendment Act, 1872 | 1872, c. 58. |
Debtors Act (Ireland), 1872 | 1872, c. 57. |
Local Bankruptcy (Ireland) Act, 1888 | 1888, c. 44. |
Landed Property Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1847 | 1847, c. 32. |
Drainage (Ireland) Act, 1842 | 1842, c. 89. |
Drainage and Improvement of Land (Ireland) Act, 1863 | 1863, c. 88. |
1954, No. 25. | |
Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1850 | 1850, c. 29. |
Landed Property Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1847 | 1847, c. 32. |
Irish Church Act, 1869 | 1869, c. 42. |
Registration of Deeds Act, 1707 | 1707, c. 2. |
Judgments (Ireland) Act, 1844 | 1844, c. 90. |
1924, No. 27. | |
Irish Church Act, 1869 | 1869, c. 42. |
The Public Offices Fees Act, 1879 | 1879, c. 58. |
1931, No. 11. | |
1959, No. 8. | |
1942. No. 26. | |
Conveyancing Act, 1881 | 1881, c. 41. |
Conveyancing Act, 1911 | 1911, c. 37. |
1946, No. 13. | |
Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1850 | 1850, c. 29. |
Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1858 | 1858, c. 105. |
1927, No. 19. | |
1936, No. 24. | |
1963, No. 33. | |
Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act, 1870 | 1870, c. 46. |
Settled Land Act, 1882 | 1882, c. 38. |
Settled Land Act, 1884 | 1884, c. 18. |
Lunacy Regulation (Ireland) Act, 1871 | 1871, c. 22. |
1957, No. 6. | |
1933, No. 12. | |
1936, No. 48. | |
Record of Title (Ireland) Act, 1865 | 1865, s. 88. |
The Registry of Deeds Office (Ireland) Holidays Act, 1883 | 1883, c. 20. |
Number 16 of 1964.
REGISTRATION OF TITLE ACT, 1964
PART I
Preliminary and General
Short title.
1.—This Act may be cited as the Registration of Title Act, 1964.
Commencement.
2.—This Act shall come into operation on such day as the Minister for Justice by order appoints
Interpretation.
3.—(1) In this Act, save where the context otherwise requires—
“the Act of 1891” means the Registration of Title Act, 1891;
“assignment on sale” has the meaning assigned to it by section 24;
“Bankruptcy Acts” means the Irish Bankrupt and Insolvent Act, 1857, the Bankruptcy (Ireland) Amendment Act, 1872, the Debtors Act (Ireland), 1872, and the Local Bankruptcy (Ireland) Act, 1888;
“the central office” has the meaning assigned to it by section 7;
“conveyance” has the same meaning as in the Conveyancing Acts;
“conveyance on sale” has the meaning assigned to it by section 24;
“Conveyancing Acts” means the Conveyancing Acts, 1881 to 1911;
“the court” has the meaning assigned to it by section 18;
“disposition” includes transfer and charge;
“drainage charge” includes any charge payable under the Landed Property Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1847, or under the Drainage (Ireland) Act, 1842, and also any charge payable under the Drainage and Improvement of Land (Ireland) Act, 1863, or any provisional Order under the said Act duly confirmed, or under any other Act for the improvement or drainage of lands;
“existing” means existing immediately before the commencement of this Act;
“fee simple” includes estates held under fee farm grants and perpetuity grants;
“former crown rent” has the same meaning as in the State Property Act, 1954;
“freehold land” means land the full ownership of which is an estate in fee simple;
“general rules” means rules under section 126;
“incumbrance” has the same meaning as in the Conveyancing Acts;
“judgment mortgage” means an affidavit of ownership registered under the Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1850;
“land” includes—
(a) land of any tenure;
(b) land covered by water;
(c) houses or other buildings or structures whatsoever and parts of any such houses, buildings or structures whether divided vertically, horizontally or otherwise;
(d) mines and minerals, whether held apart from the surface or not;
(e) incorporeal hereditaments;
“land certificate” has the meaning assigned to it by section 28;
“Land Commission” means the Irish Land Commission;
“land improvement charge” includes any charge for land improvement loans payable to the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland under the Landed Property Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1847;
“Land Purchase Acts” includes the Irish Church Act, 1869, and the Congested Districts Board (Ireland) Acts;
“Land Registry” has the meaning assigned to it by section 7;
“lease” means any contract of tenancy and includes an agreement for a lease;
“leasehold interest” means an interest in land under a lease for a term of years of which more than twenty-one are unexpired at the date of registration, not being a term for securing money, with or without a covenant for renewal, and includes an interest held at a rent under a lease for a life or lives, or determinable on a life or lives, and where a lease in possession and a reversionary lease to take effect in possession upon the expiry of the first-mentioned lease are so held that the interest under both leases belongs to the same person under the same right, such leases, so far as they relate to land comprised in both leases, shall be deemed to create one continuous term in possession;
“the local office” has the meaning assigned to it by section 7;
“the local registrar” means the county registrar of a county acting by virtue of section 10;
“mortgage” has the same meaning as in the Conveyancing Acts;
“personal representative” means the executor, original or by representation, or the administrator of a deceased person;
“possession” includes the receipt of the rents and profits;
“prescribed” means prescribed by general rules;
“register” means a register maintained under this Act;
“registered land” means land of which an owner is or is deemed to be registered under this Act;
“registering authority” means the Registrar or a local registrar;
“the Registrar” means the Registrar of Titles;
“Registry of Deeds” means the office established by the Registration of Deeds Act, 1707;
“Registry of Judgments” means the office established by the Judgments (Ireland) Act, 1844;
“registry map” has the meaning assigned to it by section 84;
“repealed enactments” means the Registration of Title Acts, 1891 and 1942, repealed by this Act;
“right” includes estate, interest, equity and power;
“Settled Land Acts” means the Settled Land Acts, 1882 to 1890;
“settlement”, “settled land”, “tenant for life” and “trustees of the settlement” have respectively the same meanings as in the Settled Land Acts;
“State bond” means a bond entered into with any person acting on behalf of the State, including, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, a bond entered into with the Minister for Finance under section 39 of the Finance Act, 1924, and a Crown bond;
“statutory authority” means—
(a) a Minister of State,
(b) the Land Commission,
(c) the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland,
(d) any local or public authority, or
(e) any company or other body of persons established by or by direction of any enactment;
“tithe rent charge” includes any annual sum payable to the Land Commission under section 32 of the Irish Church Act, 1869;
“unregistered land” means land of which an owner is not registered or deemed to be registered under this Act;
“will” includes codicil.
(2) For the purposes of this Act an estate or interest in remainder or reversion not disposed of by a settlement and reverting to the settlor, or descending to the testator's heir, shall be an estate or interest comprised in the subject of the settlement.
(3) In this Act, references to any enactment shall be construed as references to that enactment as amended or extended by any other enactment, including this Act.
(4) In this Act, a reference by number to a section is to the section of this Act bearing that number unless it is indicated that a reference to some other Act is intended.
Expenses.
4.—The expenses incurred in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas.
Repeals.
5.—The enactments mentioned in the Schedule are hereby repealed to the extent specified in the third column.
Continuance of existing officers, offices, registers, instruments and documents.
6.—(1) All registering authorities and other officers acting under the repealed enactments shall continue to act as if appointed under this Act.
(2) All offices established under the repealed enactments shall continue to be used under this Act.
(3) A register maintained under the repealed enactments shall form part of the appropriate register under this Act.
(4) All instruments and documents made or issued under the repealed enactments shall, if in force immediately before the commencement of this Act, continue in force and have the same validity as if made or issued under this Act.
PART II
Land Registry, Registers, Registering Authorities and Jurisdiction
Land Registry
The central and local offices.
7.—(1) There shall be a central office in the county borough of Dublin (in this Act referred to as “the central office”) and a local office in each county other than Dublin (in this Act referred to as a “local office”).
(2) The central office shall be the office for registration of all land in the State.
(3) The functions of the local offices shall be such as may be prescribed.
(4) The central office and the local offices shall collectively be known as the Land Registry.
Registers
Registers of ownership.
8.—There shall be maintained in the central office—
(a) registers of—
(i) ownership of freehold land, and
(ii) ownership of leasehold interests,
excluding incorporeal hereditaments held in gross;
(b) a register of ownership of—
(i) land comprising incorporeal hereditaments held in gross;
(ii) such other rights in land as may be prescribed.
Registering Authorities
The Registrar of Titles.
9.—(1) The central office shall be under the management and control of an officer who shall be called the Registrar of Titles.
(2) The Registrar of Titles shall be appointed by the Government and shall hold office at the pleasure of the Government.
(3) No person shall be appointed to be Registrar of Titles unless at the time of his appointment he is either a barrister-at-law or a solicitor who has practised his profession for not less than ten years.
(4) For the purpose of subsection (3), service by a barrister-at-law or a solicitor in a situation in the Civil Service shall be deemed to be practice of his profession.
(5) Subject to the person appointed thereto being in good health at the time of his appointment, the office of Registrar of Titles shall be a pensionable office within the Superannuation Acts for the time being in force, and there may be granted either to the Registrar of Titles on his retirement or to his personal representative on his death such superannuation and other allowances and gratuities as might under the said Acts have been granted to such Registrar of Titles if he had been appointed to an established position in the Civil Service with a certificate of qualification from the Civil Service Commissioners.
(6) Every Registrar of Titles shall hold his office on such terms and conditions and shall receive, out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas, such remuneration as the Minister for Finance shall from time to time direct.
(7) The Registrar of Titles shall retire on attaining the age of sixty-five years, but that age of retirement may, in the case of any particular Registrar of Titles, be extended by the Minister for Justice, with the concurrence of the Minister for Finance, to any age not exceeding seventy years.
(8) The person appointed under this section to be Registrar of Titles may also be appointed by the Government to be Registrar of Deeds, and if so appointed, he shall be known as the Registrar of Deeds and Titles, but the foregoing provisions of this section shall continue to apply to him in the same manner as if he had continued to be only Registrar of Titles.
Local registrars.
10.—(1) Subject to the direction and control of the Registrar, every local office shall be under the management of the county registrar of the county in which the local office is situate, and the business of the local office shall be transacted in the Circuit Court Office in and for that county.
(2) Every county registrar (other than the county registrar for the county borough and county of Dublin) shall be a local registrar.
(3) Any county and county borough amalgamated for the purposes of the Circuit Court shall be deemed to be one county for the purposes of section 7 and this section.
Relations of Registrar and local registrars.
11.—Provision shall be made by general rules for determining the relations between the Registrar and the several local registrars and the control to be exercised by the Registrar over each local registrar.
Officers of central and local offices.
12.—(1) There shall be attached to the central office and to each local office such and so many officers and servants as the Minister for Justice shall, from time to time, with the consent of the Minister for Finance, consider to be necessary.
(2) Every officer and servant attached to the central office or to any local office shall hold his position on such terms and conditions and shall receive, out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas, such remuneration as the Minister for Finance shall, from time to time, direct.
Exercise of powers of registering authorities.
13.—(1) All or any of the powers and duties conferred or imposed on the Registrar as such, or as Registrar of Deeds, may be exercised and performed by such other officer or officers as the Minister for Justice may authorise in that behalf.
(2) All or any of the powers and duties conferred or imposed on any local registrar by or under this Act may be exercised and performed by such other officer or officers attached to the relevant local office as the Minister for Justice may authorise in that behalf.
Fees.
14.—(1) The Minister for Justice, with the consent of the Minister for Finance, may by order fix the fees to be taken in the Land Registry for the purposes of this Act and may revoke or amend any such order.
(2) The fees shall, so far as possible, be so fixed as to produce an annual amount sufficient to discharge the salaries, remuneration and other expenses payable under and incidental to the working of this Act.
(3) Any provision of this Act or of general rules requiring or authorising anything to be done or any certificate or other document to be issued by the Registrar or in or from the Land Registry shall be construed as requiring or authorising the same on payment of such fee as may be fixed by order under this Act.
(4) No fee shall be payable—
(a) by the Land Commission on any registration or application for registration under this Act,
(b) on any application for the registration of the ownership of any person to or in whom the Land Commission has transferred or vested registered land where the Land Commission is under a statutory duty to procure such registration.
(5) All fees payable under this Act shall be collected and taken in such manner as the Minister for Finance shall from time to time direct and shall be paid into or disposed of for the benefit of the Exchequer in accordance with the directions of that Minister.
(6) The Public Offices Fees Act, 1879, shall not apply to fees payable under this Act.
Official seals.
15.—(1) The Registrar and each local registrar shall have a separate official seal.
(2) Judicial notice shall be taken of the said official seals, and any instrument purporting to be sealed with any such seal shall be admissible in evidence, and, if a copy, shall be admissible in like manner as the original.
Powers of Registrar.
16.—(1) Subject to general rules, the Registrar may, by summons under his seal, require the attendance of all such persons as he thinks fit in relation to the registration of any title.
(2) He may, by like summons, require any person having the custody of any map, survey or book made or kept in pursuance of any enactment to produce the map, survey or book for inspection.
(3) He may examine on oath any person appearing before him and administer an oath accordingly.
(4) He may allow to any person summoned by him the reasonable expenses of his attendance.
(5) Any expenses allowed in pursuance of this section shall be deemed to be charges incurred in or about proceedings for registration, and may be dealt with in such manner as may be prescribed.
(6) If any person, after the delivery to him of a summons under this section, or of a copy thereof, and after having had a tender made to him of the expenses, if any, to which he is entitled, wilfully neglects or refuses to attend in pursuance of the summons, or to produce such maps, surveys, books or other documents as he may be required to produce under this Act, or to answer on oath or otherwise such questions as may be lawfully put to him by the Registrar under the powers of this Act, he shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds.
Proceedings by and against Registrar.
17.—The Registrar of Titles may sue and be sued by that name.
Jurisdiction of the Court
The court.
18.—(1) The High Court and, subject to the provisions of this Act, the Circuit Court shall have jurisdiction for the purposes of this Act and “the court” shall in this Act be construed accordingly.
(2) Unless the necessary parties to the proceedings sign, either before or at any time during the hearing, the form of consent prescribed by rules of court, the Circuit Court shall not have jurisdiction in relation to land the rateable valuation of which exceeds £60.
(3) The jurisdiction of the Circuit Court to hear and determine any matter under this Act in relation to land shall be exercised by the judge of the circuit where the land or any part of the land is situate.
Appeal and reference to the court.
19.—(1) Any person aggrieved by an order or decision of the Registrar may appeal to the court and the court may annul or confirm, with or without modification, the order or decision.
(2) Whenever the Registrar entertains a doubt as to any question of law or of fact arising in the course of registration under this Act, he may make an order referring the question to the court.
(3) In any proceeding under this section the court shall, if so requested by the Registrar, and may in any case, if necessary, appoint a guardian or other person to represent any infant, person of unsound mind, person absent from the State, unborn person or person as to whom it is not known whether he is alive or dead; and, if satisfied that the interests of any person so represented are sufficiently protected by the representation, may make an order declaring that he shall be conclusively bound by the decision of the court and thereupon he shall, subject to the right under this Act to appeal on special leave, be bound accordingly, as if he were a party.
Enforcement by High Court of order of Registrar.
20.—If any person disobeys an order of the Registrar made in pursuance of this Act, the Registrar may certify the disobedience to the High Court and thereupon the person guilty of the disobedience may, subject to his right of appeal to that Court from such order, be punished by the Court as if the order of the Registrar were the order of the Court.
Registering authority to obey order of court.
21.—(1) A registering authority shall obey the order of a court of competent jurisdiction in relation to registered land.
(2) The Registrar may, where he considers it necessary, apply to the court which has made such order either to vary the same or to give directions as to the mode in which it is to be obeyed; and thereupon the court, after such notice, if any, as it may direct, may vary such order in such manner, or make such new order, as it may think fit.
Power of court in action for specific performance.
22.—Where an action is instituted for the specific performance of a contract relating to registered land or a registered charge, the court before which the action is pending may cause all or any parties who have registered rights in the land or charge, or have entered cautions or inhibitions against the same, to appear in the action and show cause why the contract should not be specifically performed, and the order of the court in the action shall be binding on those parties or any of them.
PART III
Registration of Ownership
Compulsory Registration
Compulsory registration.
23.—(1) The registration of the ownership of freehold land shall be compulsory in the following cases—
(a) where the land has been, or is deemed to have been, at any time sold and conveyed to or vested in any person under any of the provisions of the Land Purchase Acts or the Labourers Acts, 1883 to 1962;
(b) where the land is acquired, after the commencement of this Act, by a statutory authority;
(c) in any case to which subsection (2) of section 24 applies.
(2) The registration of the ownership of a leasehold interest shall be compulsory in the following cases—
(a) where the interest is acquired, after the commencement of this Act, by a statutory authority;
(b) in any case to which subsection (2) of section 24 applies.
(3) The provisions of this Act in relation to registration of ownership do not apply to an estate or interest in reversion, remainder or expectancy.
Extension of compulsory registration.
24.—(1) The Minister for Justice may by order provide that this section shall apply to any county or county borough or any portion thereof on and after a specified day, not being earlier than six months after the making of the order.
(2) In an area to which this section applies the registration of ownership shall, if not already compulsory, become compulsory—
(a) in the case of freehold land, upon conveyance on sale;
(b) in the case of a leasehold interest, on the grant or assignment on sale of such an interest.
(3) In this Part “conveyance on sale” and “assignment on sale” mean an instrument made on sale for money or money's worth by virtue of which there is conferred or completed a title in respect of which an application for registration as owner may be made, and include a conveyance or assignment by way of exchange where money is paid for equality of exchange and also include any contract, agreement, condition or covenant affecting the property comprised in the conveyance or assignment and entered into or made as part of, or in association with, such conveyance or assignment.
Effect of failure to register where registration compulsory.
25.—In any case in which registration becomes compulsory, a person (other than the Land Commission) shall not, under any conveyance on sale of freehold land or grant or assignment on sale of a leasehold interest executed thereafter, acquire the estate or interest purported to be conveyed, granted or assigned unless, within six months after such conveyance, grant or assignment (or at such later time as the Registrar or, in case of his refusal, the court may sanction in any particular case), he is registered as owner of such freehold land or leasehold interest but, on being so registered, his title shall relate back to the date of the execution of the conveyance or the date of the grant or assignment, and any dealings with the land before the registration shall have effect accordingly.
Registration by Land Commission.
26.—(1) In the case of any land to which paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of section 23 applies sold or conveyed to or vested in or deemed to be sold or conveyed to or vested in a purchaser under the Land Purchase Acts prior to the 1st day of January, 1892, the Land Commission, in order that the registration of the ownership of the lands may be effected, may transmit to the Registrar the prescribed particulars respecting the land and the name of the person appearing to them to be in possession thereof and the Registrar shall thereupon register that person as the owner of the land.
(2) Subject to subsection (1), whenever the Land Commission vest land in a purchaser under the Land Purchase Acts by vesting order, or other instrument, they shall forthwith furnish to the Registrar such documents as may be prescribed for the purpose of registration and thereupon the Registrar shall register the ownership of the person named in the said instrument, in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
(3) The ownership of every person so registered shall, unless the Registrar is satisfied that the grant of an absolute or qualified title is warranted, be registered with a possessory title.
(4) In the case of unregistered land to which subsection (2) applies, the following provisions shall have effect—
(a) such land shall, on and after the date of the instrument, be deemed to be registered land within the meaning of this Act and this Act shall apply to such land accordingly;
(b) such land shall, on and after the date of the instrument, be exempt from the provisions of the Acts relating to the Registry of Deeds.
General Provisions as to Registration
Classes of owners who may be registered.
27.—A person may be registered—
(a) as full owner of freehold land, that is to say, as tenant in fee simple;
(b) in the case of settled freehold land, as limited owner thereof, that is to say, as tenant in tail or tenant for life or as having under the Settled Land Acts the powers of a tenant for life;
(c) as full owner of a leasehold interest, that is to say, as the person in whom the leasehold interest is vested in possession; or
(d) in the case of a settled leasehold interest, as limited owner of the interest, that is to say, as tenant for life or as having under the Settled Land Acts the powers of a tenant for life.
Land certificate.
28.—On registration of a person as owner of land, the Registrar shall deliver to him a certificate in the prescribed form (in this Act referred to as a “land certificate”) of his title to the land.
Rectification on amendment of vesting order.
29.—Where an order is made under section 30 of the Land Act, 1931, amending a vesting order, the Registrar shall on the lodgment with him of an office copy of the order rectify the register in conformity with the vesting order as so amended.
Fraudulent dispositions and entries.
30.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act with respect to registered dispositions for valuable consideration, any disposition of land or of a charge on land which if unregistered would be fraudulent and void, shall, notwithstanding registration, be fraudulent and void in like manner.
(2) Any entry, erasure or alteration in the register made by fraud shall be void as between all parties or privies to the fraud.
Conclusiveness of register.
31.—(1) The register shall be conclusive evidence of the title of the owner to the land as appearing on the register and of any right, privilege, appurtenance or burden as appearing thereon; and such title shall not, in the absence of actual fraud, be in any way affected in consequence of such owner having notice of any deed, document, or matter relating to the land; but nothing in this Act shall interfere with the jurisdiction of any court of competent jurisdiction based on the ground of actual fraud or mistake, and the court may upon such ground make an order directing the register to be rectified in such manner and on such terms as it thinks just.
(2) The validity of registration of ownership of unregistered land shall not be affected by reason that the person thereby shown to be registered as owner was then dead and any person who proves to the satisfaction of the Registrar that he is entitled to the land may be registered as owner thereof.
Rectification of errors in registration.
32.—(1) Where any error originating in the Land Registry (whether of misstatement, misdescription, omission or otherwise, and whether in a register or in a registry map) occurs in registration—
(a) the Registrar may, with the consent of the registered owner of the land and of such other persons as may appear to be interested, rectify the error upon such terms as may be agreed to in writing by the parties;
(b) the court, if it is of opinion that the error can be rectified without injustice to any person, may order the error to be rectified upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks just.
(2) Where an error is rectified in accordance with the foregoing provisions and the error also occurs in the land certificate delivered on the occasion of the registration, the Registrar shall issue a new land certificate in the prescribed form and cancel the old certificate and for that purpose may order any person having possession of the old certificate to deliver it to the Registrar.
(3) The issue of the new certificate shall be without prejudice to any claim of lien or other claims thereon, which shall attach to it as if it were the old certificate, and shall be on such terms as to costs as the Registrar thinks just.
Freehold Land
Classes of title which may be registered.
33.—(1) On registration of the ownership of unregistered freehold land, a person may be registered with an absolute title, a qualified title or a possessory title.
(2) An application for registration may be made by such person, and shall be made in such form and be accompanied by such evidence of title, as may be prescribed.
(3) The application shall be made for registration with an absolute title or with a possessory title.
(4) The applicant shall be registered as owner with an absolute title where the title is approved by the Registrar.
(5) If, on an application for registration with an absolute title, it appears to the Registrar that the title can be established only for a limited period or only subject to certain reservations, the Registrar may, by an entry made in the register, except from the effect of registration any right—
(a) arising before a specified date, or
(b) arising under a specified instrument, or
(c) otherwise particularly described in the register,
and the title registered subject to any such exception shall be called a qualified title. Where the registration of ownership is not compulsory the Registrar shall not exercise his powers under this subsection without the consent of the applicant.
(6) The applicant may be registered as owner with a possessory title on giving such evidence of title as may be prescribed.
(7) If, on an application for registration with an absolute title, the Registrar is not satisfied that either an absolute or a qualified title would be warranted, he may register the applicant as owner with a possessory title. Where the registration of the ownership is not compulsory, the Registrar shall not exercise his powers under this subsection without the consent of the applicant.
(8) If, on an application for registration with a possessory title, the Registrar is satisfied that an absolute or qualified title would be warranted, he may register the applicant as owner with such a title, whether the applicant consents or not.
Registration of burdens.
34.—On first registration of ownership of freehold land, the Registrar shall enter on the register all burdens which appear on examination of the title to affect the land, except those to which, though not registered, the land is subject by virtue of section 72.
Registration subject to, or free from, equities.
35.—Where, immediately before the commencement of this Act, the registration of ownership of freehold land was noted as being subject to any rights or equities, pursuant to subsection (3) of section 29 of the Act of 1891, the title to the land shall be deemed to be a possessory title. Where it was not so noted, the title shall, subject to section 36, be deemed to be an absolute title.
Effect of previous registration with qualified or possessory title.
36.—Where, immediately before the commencement of this Act, the registration of ownership of freehold land was with a qualified or possessory title, the title to the land shall be deemed to be a qualified or possessory title, as the case may be, within the meaning of this Act.
Effect of registration with absolute title.
37.—(1) On registration of a person as full owner of freehold land with an absolute title, an estate in fee simple in the land, together with all implied or express rights, privileges and appurtenances belonging or appurtenant thereto, shall vest in the person so registered.
(2) On registration of a person as limited owner of freehold land with an absolute title, an estate in fee simple in the land, together with all implied or express rights, privileges and appurtenances belonging or appurtenant thereto, shall vest in the person so registered and the other persons entitled to the several estates and interests comprised in the subject of the settlement collectively, according to such estates and interests respectively.
(3) In either case, the estate of the registered owner shall be subject to—
(a) the burdens, if any, registered as affecting the land, and
(b) the burdens to which, though not registered, the land is subject by virtue of section 72,
but shall be free from all other rights, including rights of the State.
(4) If the registered owner holds the land as trustee, nothing in this section shall affect his duties or liabilities as such trustee.
Effect of registration with possessory title.
38.—(1) The registration of a person as first registered full or limited owner of freehold land with a possessory title shall not affect or prejudice the enforcement of any right adverse to or in derogation of the title of that person and subsisting or capable of arising at the time of registration, but, save as aforesaid, shall have the same effect as registration with an absolute title.
(2) “Right” in subsection (1) includes any rights or equities existing by reason of the interest of such owner being deemed to be a graft upon his previous interest in the land, and a reference in any other enactment to land registered subject to equities shall include land the registration of which is subject to any such rights or equities by virtue of that subsection.
Effect of registration with qualified title.
39.—The registration of a person as first registered full or limited owner of freehold land with a qualified title shall have the same effect as registration with an absolute title, save that registration with a qualified title shall not affect or prejudice the enforcement of any right appearing by the register to be excepted.
Leasehold Interests
Classes of title which may be registered.
40.—(1) On registration of the ownership of an unregistered leasehold interest, a person may be registered with an absolute title, a good leasehold title, a qualified title or a possessory title.
(2) An application for registration may be made by such person, and shall be made in such form and be accompanied by such evidence of title, as may be prescribed.
(3) The application shall be for registration with an absolute title, a good leasehold title or a possessory title.
(4) The applicant shall be registered as owner with an absolute title where the title both to the leasehold interest and to the freehold estate, and to any intermediate leasehold interest that may exist, is approved by the Registrar.
(5) The applicant shall be registered as owner with a good leasehold title where the title to the leasehold interest is approved by the Registrar.
(6) If, on an application for registration with an absolute title or a good leasehold title, it appears to the Registrar that the title, either of the lessor to the reversion or of the lessee to the leasehold interest, can be established only for a limited period, or only subject to certain reservations, the Registrar may, by an entry made in the register, except from the effect of registration any right—
(a) arising before a specified date, or
(b) arising under a specified instrument, or
(c) otherwise particularly described in the register,
and a title registered subject to any such exception shall be called a qualified title. Where the registration of the ownership is not compulsory, the Registrar shall not exercise his powers under this subsection without the consent of the applicant.
(7) The applicant may be registered as owner with a possessory title on giving such evidence of title as may be prescribed.
(8) If, on an application for registration with an absolute title or with a good leasehold title, the Registrar is not satisfied that the grant of an absolute, good leasehold or qualified title would be warranted, he may register the applicant as owner with a possessory title. Where the registration of the ownership is not compulsory, the Registrar shall not exercise his powers under this subsection without the consent of the applicant.
(9) If, on an application for registration with a possessory title, the Registrar is satisfied that the grant of an absolute, good leasehold or qualified title would be warranted, he may register the applicant as owner with such a title, whether the applicant consents or not.
Registration of burdens.
41.—On first registration of ownership of a leasehold interest, the Registrar shall enter on the register all burdens which appear on examination of the title to affect the interest, except those to which, though not registered, the interest is subject by virtue of section 72.
Previous registration with, and without, note as to lessor's title.
42.—Where, immediately before the commencement of this Act, the registration of ownership of a leasehold interest contained a note to the effect that the title of the lessor to make the lease had been investigated and found to be good and valid, the title to the leasehold interest shall be deemed to be an absolute title. Where there is no such note, the title shall, subject to section 43, be deemed to be a good leasehold title.
Effect of previous registration with qualified or possessory title.
43.—Where, immediately before the commencement of this Act, the registration of ownership of a leasehold interest was with a qualified or possessory title, the title to the land shall be deemed to be a qualified or possessory title, as the case may be, within the meaning of this Act.
Effect of registration with absolute title.
44.—(1) On registration of a person as full owner of a leasehold interest with an absolute title, the leasehold interest, together with all implied or express rights, privileges and appurtenances attached to it, shall vest in the person so registered.
(2) On registration of a person as limited owner of a leasehold interest with an absolute title, the leasehold interest, together with all implied or express rights, privileges and appurtenances attached to it, shall vest in the person so registered and the other persons entitled to the several estates and interests comprised in the subject of the settlement collectively, according to such estates and interests respectively.
(3) In either case, the interest of the registered owner shall be subject to—
(a) the burdens, if any, registered as affecting the interest,
(b) the burdens to which, though not registered, the interest is subject by virtue of section 72, and
(c) all implied and express covenants, obligations and liabilities incident to the registered interest,
but shall be free from all other rights, including rights of the State.
(4) If the registered owner holds the interest as trustee, nothing in this section shall affect his duties or liabilities as such trustee.
Effect of registration with good leasehold title.
45.—The registration of a person as first registered full or limited owner of a leasehold interest with a good leasehold title shall not affect or prejudice the enforcement of any right adverse to or in derogation of the title of the lessor to grant the lease, but, save as aforesaid, shall have the same effect as registration with an absolute title.
Effect of registration with possessory title.
46.—The registration of a person as first registered full or limited owner of a leasehold interest with a possessory title shall not affect or prejudice the enforcement of any right (whether in respect of the lessor's title or otherwise) adverse to or in derogation of the title of that person and subsisting or capable of arising at the time of registration but, save as aforesaid, shall have the same effect as registration with an absolute title.
Effect of registration with qualified title.
47.—The registration of a person as first registered full or limited owner of a leasehold interest with a qualified title shall not affect or prejudice the enforcement of any right appearing by the register to be excepted, but, save as aforesaid, shall have the same effect as registration with an absolute title or a good leasehold title, as the case may be.
Transfer of land from leasehold to freehold register.
48.—Where a registered leasehold interest is converted under the provisions of any Act into a fee farm grant or grant in perpetuity, the Registrar shall note on the register in the prescribed manner the fact of such conversion, and provision shall be made by general rules for the transfer, on the prescribed examination of title, of land from the register of owners of leasehold interests to the register of owners of freehold land, but, until such transfer is made, the registered owner of the leasehold interest shall not, under the provisions of this Act, have any further or other title to the land than he would have had if the leasehold interest had not been so converted.
Title under Statute of Limitations
Registration of title acquired by possession.
49.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the Statute of Limitations, 1957, shall apply to registered land as it applies to unregistered land.
(2) Where any person claims to have acquired a title by possession to registered land, he may apply to the Registrar to be registered as owner of the land and the Registrar, if satisfied that the applicant has acquired the title, may cause the applicant to be registered as owner of the land with an absolute, good leasehold, possessory or qualified title, as the case may require, but without prejudice to any right not extinguished by such possession.
(3) Upon such registration, the title of the person whose right of action to recover the land has expired shall be extinguished.
(4) Section 24 of the Statute of Limitations, 1957, is hereby amended by the substitution, for “section 52 of the Act of 1891”, of “section 49 of the Registration of Title Act, 1964”.
Conversion of Registered Title
Conversion of registered title into absolute or good leasehold.
50.—(1) In the case of land which is registered with a qualified, good leasehold or possessory title, the Registrar may, either on his own initiative or on an application by the registered owner or other person entitled, if he is satisfied as to the title, register the title as absolute or good leasehold, as the case may require or admit.
(2) The following provisions shall apply to registered land, other than land registered pursuant to subsection (1) of section 23 of the Act of 1891 or section 26 of this Act:
(a) where the title registered is possessory, an application for the registration of a transfer for valuable consideration or other disposition for value shall, subject to any provisions to the contrary which may be prescribed, be accompanied by all the documents of or relating to the title (including contracts, abstracts, counsel's opinions, requisitions and replies, and other like documents) in the applicant's possession or under his control, together with such affidavit as may be prescribed; and where the title registered is qualified, the application shall be accompanied by such documents, if any, as may relate to the matters excepted from the effect of registration, together with such affidavit as may be prescribed;
(b) in any case to which paragraph (a) applies, the Registrar may refuse or postpone the registration until all the required documents have been submitted to him;
(c) where the land has been registered for fifteen years, with a possessory title, the Registrar shall, in any case to which paragraph (a) applies, if satisfied that the registered owner is in possession and after giving such notices, if any, as may be prescribed, register the title as absolute in the case of freehold land or as good leasehold in the case of leasehold land.
(3) The following provisions shall apply to land registered pursuant to subsection (1) of section 23 of the Act of 1891 or section 26 of this Act—
(a) where the title registered is or is deemed to be possessory and the ownership of the land has been registered for more than thirty years, the Registrar may, on the registration of a disposition or transmission on death, if satisfied from the entries in the register or otherwise that no right adverse to or in derogation of the title of the registered owner and protected by the possessory title subsists, register the title as absolute;
(b) where—
(i) the title registered is or is deemed to be possessory, and
(ii) the ownership of the land has been registered for more than twelve years, and
(iii) an application is made for the registration of a transfer for valuable consideration or other disposition for value, and
(iv) a registered transfer for valuable consideration has been made after the first registration of the land but not less than twelve years prior to the application,
the Registrar may, if satisfied from the entries in the register or otherwise that no right adverse to or in derogation of the title of the registered owner and protected by the possessory title subsists, register the title as absolute;
(c) the Registrar may, in any case to which paragraph (b) applies, require the applicant to produce such evidence of the title as the Registrar thinks proper and he may refuse or postpone the registration until his requirements have been complied with.
(4) If any claim adverse to the title of the owner has been made, registration under this section shall not be made unless and until the claim has been disposed of.
(5) Where a person other than the owner suffers loss by reason of any registration under this section, section 120 shall have effect as if an error had been made originating in the Land Registry.
Transfers
Transfer of registered land.
51.—(1) Subject, in the case of a limited owner, to the Settled Land Acts, a registered owner of land may transfer the land or any part thereof, and the transferee shall be registered as owner of the land transferred.
(2) There shall be executed on the transfer an instrument in the prescribed form, or in such other form as may appear to the Registrar to be sufficient to convey the land, but until the transferee is registered as owner of the land transferred, that instrument shall not operate to transfer the land.
(3) On registration of the transferee, the Registrar shall deliver to him a land certificate.
(4) Where part only of the land is transferred, the Registrar shall either allow the transferor to retain his land certificate with an entry therein as to the part transferred, or deliver to him a new land certificate in respect of the land retained by him.
Effect of transfer of freehold land with absolute title.
52.—(1) On the registration of a transferee of freehold land as full owner with an absolute title, the instrument of transfer shall operate as a conveyance by deed within the meaning of the Conveyancing Acts, and there shall be vested in the registered transferee an estate in fee simple in the land transferred, together with all implied or express rights, privileges and appurtenances belonging or appurtenant thereto, subject to—
(a) the burdens, if any, registered as affecting the land, and
(b) the burdens to which, though not so registered, the land is subject by virtue of section 72,
but shall be free from all other rights, including rights of the State.
(2) Where, however, the transfer is made without valuable consideration, it shall, so far as concerns the transferee and persons claiming under him otherwise than for valuable consideration, be subject to all unregistered rights subject to which the transferor held the land transferred.
(3) On the registration of a transferee of freehold land as limited owner with an absolute title under a settlement, the registration shall have the same effect as in the case of a transferee registered as full owner with an absolute title, except that the estate in fee simple (together with all implied or express rights, privileges and appurtenances) conferred by the registration shall vest in the transferee and the other persons entitled to the several estates and interests comprised in the subject of the settlement collectively, according to such estates and interests respectively.
Effect of transfer of freehold land with possessory title.
53.—In the case of freehold land registered with a possessory title, a transfer of the land shall not affect or prejudice the enforcement of any right adverse to or in derogation of the title of the first registered owner and subsisting or capable of arising at the time of the registration of such owner, including any rights or equities existing by reason of the interest of such owner being deemed to be a graft upon his previous interest in the land, but, save as aforesaid, such transfer shall, when registered, have the same effect as if the land were registered with an absolute title.
Effect of transfer of freehold land with qualified title.
54.—In the case of freehold land registered with a qualified title, a transfer of the land shall, when registered, have the same effect as it would have had if the land had been registered with an absolute title, save that such transfer shall not affect or prejudice the enforcement of any right appearing by the register to be excepted.
Effect of transfer of leasehold interest with absolute title.
55.—(1) On the registration of a transferee of a leasehold interest as full owner with an absolute title, the instrument of transfer shall operate as a conveyance by deed within the meaning of the Conveyancing Acts, and there shall vest in the registered transferee the leasehold interest so transferred, together with all implied or express rights, privileges and appurtenances attached to it, subject to—
(a) the burdens, if any, registered as affecting the interest,
(b) the burdens to which, though not registered, the interest is subject by virtue of section 72, and
(c) all implied and express covenants, obligations and liabilities incident to the interest transferred,
but free from all other rights, including rights of the State.
(2) Where, however, the transfer is made without valuable consideration, it shall, so far as concerns the transferee and persons claiming under him otherwise than for valuable consideration, be subject to all unregistered rights subject to which the transferor held the interest transferred.
(3) On the registration of a transferee of a leasehold interest as limited owner with an absolute title under a settlement, the registration shall have the same effect as in the case of a transferee registered as full owner with an absolute title, except that the leasehold interest (together with all implied or express rights,privileges and appurtenances) conferred by the registration shall vest in the transferee and the other persons entitled to the several interests comprised in the subject of the settlement collectively, according to such interests respectively.
Effect of transfer of leasehold interest with good leasehold title.
56.—In the case of a leasehold interest registered with a good leasehold title, a transfer of the interest shall, when registered, have the same effect as it would have had if the interest had been registered with an absolute title, save that it shall not affect or prejudice the enforcement of any right affecting or in derogation of the title of the lessor to grant the lease.
Effect of transfer of leasehold interest with possessory title.
57.—In the case of a leasehold interest registered with a possessory title, a transfer of the interest shall not affect or prejudice the enforcement of any right (whether in respect of the lessor's title or otherwise) adverse to or in derogation of the title of the first registered owner and subsisting or capable of arising at the time of the registration of that owner but, save as aforesaid, the transfer shall, when registered, have the same effect as it would have had if the interest had been registered with an absolute title.
Effect of transfer of leasehold interest with qualified title.
58.—In the case of a leasehold interest registered with a qualified title, a transfer of the interest shall, when registered, have the same effect as it would have had if the interest had been registered with an absolute title, save that the transfer shall not affect or prejudice the enforcement of any right (whether in respect of the lessor's title or otherwise) appearing by the register to be excepted.
Saving of consent to alienation, etc.
59.—(1) Nothing in this Act shall affect the provisions of any enactment by which the alienation, assignment, subdivision or sub-letting of any land is prohibited or in any way restricted.
(2) It shall be the duty of the Registrar to note upon the register in the prescribed manner the prohibitive or restrictive provisions of any such enactment; but such provisions shall be, though not registered, burdens on the land under section 72.
Defeasance of registered owner's estate.
60.—(1) In case of the defeasance of the estate or interest of a registered owner of land, that is to say, where—
(a) under a power of sale conferred by a mortgage effected before the first registration of the land, or
(b) under a deed poll executed in pursuance of the Lands Clauses Acts or in pursuance of any statutory provision to the same effect, or
(c) under a sale in execution of any judgment or order of a court, or
(d) under a power of appointment, or
(e) under a vesting order, or
(f) under any enactment, or
(g) in any other case not provided for by this Act, and which may be prescribed,
the ownership of the land passes to another person otherwise than by transfer from the registered owner or from his personal representatives, then, subject to general rules, the Registrar shall, on the application of that person and on production of the prescribed evidence, register him as owner of the land.
(2) Unless the Registrar is satisfied that the application is made with the concurrence of the registered owner or, in case of his death, if he is full owner, of his personal representatives, and if he is not full owner, of such persons as may be prescribed, the Registrar shall, subject to general rules, before registering the applicant as owner of the land, give notice of the application to the registered owner or, in case of his death, if he is full owner, to his personal representatives, and, if he is not full owner, to such persons as may be prescribed; and the Registrar may, if he thinks fit, decline to register the applicant as owner of the land, except in pursuance of an order of the court.
Transmissions
Transmission of registered land from limited owner and on death.
61.—(1) Where land of which the owner is registered as limited owner under a settlement passes to another person on the determination of the estate or interest of the limited owner, the person to whom the land so passes may be entered in the register as full or limited owner of the land, as the case may require, on application made in the prescribed manner.
(2) On the death of a sole registered full owner of land, or of the survivor of several registered full owners of land not being registered as tenants in common, (which owner or survivor is in the succeeding provisions of this section referred to as the deceased owner), the personal representatives of the deceased owner shall alone be recognised by the Registrar as having any rights in respect of the land, and any registered dispositions by them shall have the same effect as if they were the registered owners of the land.
(3) (a) An application for registration made by a person who claims to be by law entitled to the land of a deceased registered full owner, accompanied, in case he is not the personal representative, by an assent or transfer in the prescribed form, shall authorise the Registrar to register such person as the full owner or limited owner of the land, as the case may be.
(b) It shall not be the duty of the Registrar, nor shall he be entitled, to call for any information as to why any assent or transfer is made and he shall be bound to assume that the personal representative is acting in relation to the application, assent or transfer correctly and within his powers.
(4) Where a person is registered as the full owner or limited owner of land under subsection (3), the costs incurred in connection with the registration shall be borne by that person.
(5) Where the High Court or the Circuit Court makes an order under subsection (4) of section 20 of the Administration of Estates Act, 1959, vesting registered land in any person, it may also order that that person be registered as owner of that land.
(6) (a) Nothing in this Act or in the Administration of Estates Act, 1959, shall operate to require the Registrar to register as the owner of land a person in his capacity as personal representative.
(b) The Registrar may enter on the register a note setting out the fact of the death of a registered owner of land and the names of his personal representatives.
(7) Where, on the application of any person claiming to be registered as owner of registered land in succession to a deceased full owner of such land, the court is satisfied—
(a) that at least six years have elapsed since the death of the deceased full owner, and
(b) that the personal representatives of such owner are dead or out of the jurisdiction,
the court may, if it thinks fit, notwithstanding anything in the Administration of Estates Act, 1959, or this Act, dispense the applicant from the necessity of raising representation to the deceased full owner or of giving notice to his personal representatives and may order that the applicant be registered as owner of the land.
(8) Subsections (2) to (6) apply only in cases of death on or after the 1st day of June, 1959.
(9) Subsection (2) of section 37 of the Act of 1891, as amended by section 27 of and the Second Schedule to the Registration of Title Act, 1942, shall continue to apply in cases of death before the 1st day of June, 1959, notwithstanding the repeal of those provisions.
Charges
Creation and effect of charge on registered land.
62.—(1) A registered owner of land may, subject to the provisions of this Act, charge the land with the payment of money either with or without interest, and either by way of annuity or otherwise, and the owner of the charge shall be registered as such.
(2) There shall be executed on the creation of a charge, otherwise than by will, an instrument of charge in the prescribed form (or an instrument in such other form as may appear to the Registrar to be sufficient to charge the land, provided that such instrument shall expressly charge or reserve out of the land the payment of the money secured) but, until the owner of the charge is registered as such, the instrument shall not confer on the owner of the charge any interest in the land.
(3) A mortgage by way of conveyance with a proviso for redemption or by way of demise or sub-demise shall not of itself operate to charge registered land or be registrable as a charge on registered land.
(4) Any power, howsoever conferred, to borrow or lend money on the security of a mortgage shall be construed as including power to do so on the security of a registered charge.
(5) On registration of the owner of the charge the Registrar shall deliver to him a certificate of charge in the prescribed form.
(6) On registration of the owner of a charge on land for the repayment of any principal sum of money with or without interest, the instrument of charge shall operate as a mortgage by deed within the meaning of the Conveyancing Acts, and the registered owner of the charge shall, for the purpose of enforcing his charge, have all the rights and powers of a mortgagee under a mortgage by deed, including the power to sell the estate or interest which is subject to the charge.
(7) When repayment of the principal money secured by the instrument of charge has become due, the registered owner of the charge or his personal representative may apply to the court in a summary manner for possession of the land or any part of the land, and on the application the court may, if it so thinks proper, order possession of the land or the said part thereof to be delivered to the applicant, and the applicant, upon obtaining possession of the land or the said part thereof, shall be deemed to be a mortgagee in possession.
(8) On registration of the owner of a charge by way of annuity, the owner of the charge shall have such remedies for recovering and compelling payment of the annuity as are described in section 44 of the Conveyancing Act, 1881, as affected by section 6 of the Conveyancing Act, 1911.
(9) If the registered owner of a charge on land sells the land in pursuance of the powers referred to in subsection (6), his transferee shall be registered as owner of the land, and thereupon the registration shall have the same effect as registration on a transfer for valuable consideration by a registered owner.
(10) When a transferee from the registered owner of the charge is registered, under subsection (9), as owner of the land, the charge and all estates, interests, burdens and entries puisne to the charge shall be discharged.
(11) When it is expressed in the instrument of charge that any person covenants for repayment of the principal sum charged, there shall be implied a covenant by that person with the registered owner for the time being of the charge to pay the sum charged and interest (if any) thereon at the time and rate specified in the instrument of charge, and also a covenant, if the sum or any part thereof is unpaid at the time so specified, to pay interest half-yearly at the specified rate on so much of the principal sum as for the time being remains unpaid.
Saving for mortgages registered as charges.
63.—(1) A charge registered prior to the commencement of this Act shall not be void or be deemed ever to have been void—
(a) by reason only that it was expressed to have been created by way of mortgage, or
(b) by reason only that the consent of the Land Commission or the Commissioners of Public Works or such other consent as may be provided for by any enactment was not obtained to any demise or sub-demise expressed to have been created by any such mortgage;
and the registration of the charge as a burden on registered land shall not be invalid or be deemed ever to have been invalid for either of these reasons.
(2) In this section “mortgage” includes both a mortgage by demise or sub-demise and a mortgage by conveyance or assignment with a proviso for redemption.
Transfer of charge.
64.—(1) The registered owner of a charge may transfer the charge to another person as owner thereof, and the transferee shall be registered as owner of the charge.
(2) There shall be executed on the transfer of a charge an instrument of transfer in the prescribed form, or in such other form as may appear to the Registrar to be sufficient to transfer the charge, but until the transferee is registered as owner of the charge, that instrument shall not confer on the transferee any interest in the charge.
(3) The Registrar shall deliver to the registered transferee a certificate of charge in the prescribed form.
(4) On registration of the transferee of a charge, the instrument of transfer shall operate as a conveyance by deed within the meaning of the Conveyancing Acts, and the transferee shall—
(a) have the same title to the charge as a registered transferee of land under this Act has to the land, under a transfer for valuable consideration or without valuable consideration, as the case may be; and
(b) have for enforcing his charge the same rights and powers in respect of the land as if the charge had been originally created in his favour.
Discharge of registered charge.
65.—(1) The Registrar shall note on the register the satisfaction of a registered charge or of any part of such a charge on registered land, or of the release of any part of registered land from a registered charge, either at the request of the registered owner of the charge, or on proof in such manner as is hereinafter mentioned, or in such other manner as may be prescribed, and thereupon the charge shall to the extent so noted cease to operate.
(2) For the purposes of this section, the receipt of the registered owner for the time being of a charge shall be sufficient proof of the satisfaction of the charge, or of any part of the charge, and a release signed by the registered owner for the time being of a charge shall be sufficient proof of the release of any part of registered land subject to that charge.
Transmission, etc., of charge.
66.—The provisions of this Act with respect to the transmission of registered land and the defeasance of the estate or interest of the registered owner shall apply, with the prescribed modifications, to transmissions and defeasances in the case of registered charges on land.
Restriction on custody of land certificate by registered owner of a charge.
67.—(1) The registered owner of a charge shall not, merely by reason of his being such owner, be entitled to the possession of the land certificate in respect of the registered land which is subject to the charge.
(2) Every stipulation in relation to a registered charge on land (whether made before or after the creation of the charge) whereby the custody of the land certificate in respect of such land is to be given to the registered owner of such charge shall be void.
Other Interests in Registered Land
Creation and effect of subordinate rights and interests.
68.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the registered owner of land shall alone be entitled to transfer or charge the land by registered disposition, and the registered owner of a charge shall alone be entitled to transfer the charge by registered disposition.
(2) Nothing in this Act shall prevent a person from creating any right in or over any registered land or registered charge, but all such rights shall be subject to the provisions of this Act with respect to registered transfers of land or charges for valuable consideration.
(3) An unregistered right in or over registered land (not being a burden to which the land is subject by virtue of section 72) shall not affect the registered owner of a charge created on the land for valuable consideration.
Burdens which may be registered as affecting registered land.
69.—(1) There may be registered as affecting registered land any of the following burdens, namely—
(a) any incumbrance on the land existing at the time of the first registration of the land;
(b) any charge on the land duly created after the first registration of the land;
(c) any rentcharge (not being a rentcharge to which, though not registered, the land is subject under section 72) or fee farm or other perpetual rent issuing out of the land;
(d) any power to charge land with payment of money, whether created or arising before or after the first registration of the land;
(e) any trust for securing money created or arising after the first registration of the land;
(f) any lien on the land for unpaid purchase money;
(g) any lease where the term granted is for a life or lives, or is determinable on a life or lives, or exceeds twenty-one years, or where the term is for any less estate or interest but the occupation is not in accordance with the lease;
(h) any judgment or order of a court, whether existing before or after the first registration of the land;
(i) any judgment mortgage, recognizance, State bond, inquisition or lis pendens, whether existing before or after the first registration of the land;
(j) any easement, profit à prendre or mining right created by express grant or reservation after the first registration of the land;
(k) any covenant or condition relating to the use or enjoyment of the land or of any specified portion thereof;
(l) any estate in dower;
(m) any burden to which section 54 of the Forestry Act, 1946, relates;
(n) any right of the Land Commission or a local authority to lay pipe-lines for whatsoever purpose and any right ancillary thereto;
(o) a power to appoint an estate or interest in the property exercisable within a period not exceeding a life or lives in being and twenty-one years thereafter;
(p) a power of distress or entry;
(q) a right in the nature of a lien for money's worth in or over the property for a limited period not exceeding life, such as a right of support or a right of residence (whether an exclusive right of residence or not);
(r) a burden created by statute or under a statutory power that is not one of the burdens to which, though not registered, registered land is subject under section 72;
(s) any such other matter as may be prescribed.
(2) A burden may be registered under this section on the application of the registered owner of the land or of any person entitled to or interested in the burden but, if the application is made without the concurrence of the registered owner of the land or such other person as may be prescribed, the burden shall not be registered except in pursuance of an order of the court.
(3) Any covenant or condition registered under this section may be modified or discharged by order of the court on proof to the satisfaction of the court that the covenant or condition does not run with the land, or is not capable of being enforced against the owner of the land, or that the modification or discharge thereof will be beneficial to the persons principally interested in the enforcement thereof, and may, with the consent of all persons interested in the enforcement thereof, be modified or discharged by the Registrar without any such order.
(4) The Registrar may, on the prescribed evidence and subject to the prescribed conditions, modify or cancel any entry under this section of a burden not being such a covenant or condition as aforesaid.
Registration of ownership of burdens.
70.—The ownership of such of the burdens capable of being registered under section 69 as may be preescribed shall, on such registration, be registered in such register maintained under this Act as may be appropriate.
Registration of judgment mortgages.
71.—(1) The registration of the affidavit required by section 6 of the Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1850, for the purpose of registering a judgment as a mortgage shall, in the case of registered land, be made in the prescribed manner and with such entries as may be prescribed.
(2) In an affidavit registered after the commencement of this Act, the land shall be sufficiently described by reference to the number of the folio of the register and the county in which the land is situate.
(3) The affidavit shall be expressed to be made by the creditor specified in section 6 of the said Act of 1850 or by a person authorised to make it by section 3 of the Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1858.
(4) Registration of an affidavit which complies with the said sections and this section shall operate to charge the interest of the judgment debtor subject to—
(a) the burdens, if any, registered as affecting that interest,
(b) the burdens to which, though not so registered, that interest is subject by virtue of section 72, and
(c) all unregistered rights subject to which the judgment debtor held that interest at the time of registration of the affidavit,
and the creditor shall have such rights and remedies for the enforcement of the charge as may be conferred on him by order of the court.
Burdens which are without registration to affect registered land.
72.—(1) Subject to subsection (2), all registered land shall be subject to such of the following burdens as for the time being affect the land, whether those burdens are or are not registered, namely—
(a) estate duty, succession duty, former crown rents, tithe rentcharges and payments in lieu of tithe or tithe rentcharge;
(b) land improvement charges and drainage charges;
(c) annuities or rentcharges for the repayment of advances made under the provisions of any of the Land Purchase Acts on account of purchase money;
(d) rights of the Land Commission or of any person under a vesting order, vesting fiat, final list or transfer order made or published under the Land Purchase Acts;
(e) rights of the Land Commission upon the execution of an order for possession issued under section 37 of the Land Act, 1927;
(f) rights of the public or of any class of the public;
(g) customary rights, franchises and liabilities arising from tenure;
(h) easements and profits à prendre, unless they are respectively created by express grant or reservation after the first registration of the land;
(i) tenancies created for any term not exceeding twenty-one years or for any less estate or interest, in cases where there is an occupation under such tenancies;
(j) the rights of every person in actual occupation of the land or in receipt of the rents and profits thereof, save where, upon enquiry made of such person, the rights are not disclosed;
(k) in the case of land registered with a possessory, qualified or good leasehold title, all rights excepted from the effect of registration;
(l) a perpetual yearly rent (in this section referred to as the superior rent) which is superior to another such rent (in this section referred to as the registered rent) registered as a burden on registered land and which, as between the said registered land and the registered rent, is primarily payable out of the registered rent in exoneration of such land;
(m) the covenants and conditions contained in the deed or other document creating the superior rent, in so far as those covenants and conditions affect such land;
(n) a purchase annuity payable in respect of a cottage which is the subject of a vesting order under the Labourers Act, 1936;
(o) restrictions imposed by section 21 of the Labourers Act, 1936, on the mortgaging or charging of cottages purchased under that Act;
(p) rights acquired or in course of being acquired under the Statute of Limitations, 1957;
(q) burdens to which section 59 or 73 applies.
(2) Where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Registrar that any land registered or about to be registered is exempt from, or has ceased to be subject to, any estate duty, succession duty, former crown rent, tithe rentcharge, payment in lieu of tithe or tithe rentcharge, land improvement charge, drainage charge or annuity or rentcharge for the repayment of any advance made on account of purchase money as hereinbefore is mentioned, the Registrar may enter on the register notice of the fact.
(3) Where the existence of any such burdens is proved to the satisfaction of the Registrar, he may, with the consent of the registered owner or applicant for registration, or in pursuance of an order of the court, enter notice thereof on the register.
Mines, minerals, and mining rights.
73.—(1) A person may be registered as owner of land with or without all or any of the mines and minerals therein, or as owner of any mines and minerals.
(2) A person registered as owner of land shall not, merely by virtue of such registration, be deemed to be owner of the mines and minerals therein.
(3) Where a person is registered as owner of land, but the registration does not extend to all the mines and minerals therein, all such powers of working, way leaves or rights of way, rights of water and drainage and other powers, easements, rights and privileges for or incident to or connected with mining purposes, as are for the time being subsisting over the land, and are not created by express grant or reservation after the first registration of the land, shall be, though not registered, burdens on the land under section 72.
Priority of registered burdens.
74.—Subject to any entry to the contrary on the register, burdens which are registered as affecting the same land, and which if unregistered would rank in priority according to the date of their creation, shall, if created or arising since the first registration of the land, rank according to the order in which they are entered on the register and not according to the order in which they are created or arise, and shall rank in priority to any other burden affecting the land and created or arising since the first registration of the land, not being a burden to which, though not registered, the land is subject under section 72.
Priority of registered charge for future advances.
75.—(1) Where a registered charge is expressed to be created on any land for the purpose of securing future advances (whether with or without present advances), the registered owner of the charge shall be entitled in priority to any subsequent charge to the payment of any sum due to him in respect of such future advances, except any advances which may have been made after the date of, and with express notice in writing of, the subsequent charge.
(2) In this section “future advances” includes sums from time to time due on an account current, and all sums which by agreement or the course of business between the parties are considered to be advances on the security of the charge.
Power of charging to be exercised by registered charge.
76.—Where a power to charge registered land, or a trust for securing money on registered land, is registered as a burden on the land, it may be exercised or executed by the creation of a registered charge and not otherwise, and the person empowered under any such power or trust to charge the land with the payment of any money shall have the same power to create a registered charge on the land for that money as if he were the registered owner of the land, and the charge shall be entered in its proper priority.
Powers with respect to statutory charges.
77.—(1) Where a person has, under or by virtue of any enactment, a charge on registered land for the payment of any money, or a power to charge registered land with the payment of any money, he shall have the same power to create a registered charge on the land for that money as if he were the registered owner of the land.
(2) Registration of a charge under this section shall have the same effect as, and make unnecessary, registration thereof in pursuance of any other enactment.
Term of years vested in trustee for raising money out of registered land.
78.—Where a term of years is vested, whether before or after the passing of this Act, in a trustee or other person for the purpose of raising money out of registered land, such vesting shall operate as a trust for securing money on registered land or as a power to charge registered land, as the case may be, and may be registered as a burden on such land, and, where so registered, may be exercised or executed by the creation of a registered charge and not otherwise and the person empowered in any such trust or power to charge the land with payment of any money shall have the same power to create a registered charge on the land for that money as if he were the registered owner of the land, and the charge shall be entered in its proper priority.
Term of years vested in trustee for raising money, or mortgage, prior to first registration.
79.—(1) Where, prior to the first registration of land, a term of years is vested, whether before or after the passing of this Act, in a trustee or other person for the purpose of raising money out of the land, such vesting shall, on the first registration of the land, operate as a trust for securing money on registered land or as a power to charge registered land, as the case may be, and may be registered as a burden on the land, and, where so registered, may be exercised or executed by the creation of a registered charge and not otherwise, and the person empowered in any such trust or power to charge the land with payment of any money shall have the same power to create a registered charge on the land for that money as if he were the registered owner of the land, and the charge shall be entered in its proper priority.
(2) Where, prior to first registration, land has become subject to any mortgage, mortgage by demise or sub-demise or term of years to secure money actually raised, such mortgage, mortgage by demise or sub-demise or term of years shall, on the first registration of the land (if registered with an absolute, qualified or good leasehold title) or (if registered with a possessory title) on the conversion of the title into an absolute or good leasehold title, operate as a charge on the land and shall be registered only as a charge thereon.
Provisions as to incumbrances created or issued by company and not registered or protected.
80.—(1) Where a company registered under the Companies Act, 1963, is registered as owner of land registered under this Act or as owner of a registered charge, the Registrar shall not be concerned with, and a person claiming under a registered disposition for valuable consideration shall not be affected by, any mortgage, charge, debenture, debenture stock, trust deed or other incumbrance created or issued by the company, unless such incumbrance is registered as a burden or protected by caution or inhibition under this Act.
(2) No compensation shall be payable under section 120 by reason of a purchaser's acquiring any interest under a registered transfer from the company free from any such incumbrance not so registered or protected.
Right of residence.
81.—A right of residence in or on registered land, whether a general right of residence on the land or an exclusive right of residence in or on part of the land, shall be deemed to be personal to the person beneficially entitled thereto and to be a right in the nature of a lien for money's worth in or over the land and shall not operate to create any equitable estate in the land.
Note of rights appurtenant to land.
82.—Where, on an application by the registered owner or other person entitled, the existence of rights, privileges and appurtenances belonging, appurtenant or attached to registered land is proved to the satisfaction of the Registrar, he shall make an entry in the register showing the existence of such rights, privileges and appurtenances.
Register of Incorporeal Hereditaments and Other Rights
Register of ownership.
83.—Provision may be made by general rules for registration in the register provided for by paragraph (b) of section 8 and, where necessary, for adapting or applying, with or without modification, the provisions of this Act for the purposes of such registration.
Registry Maps and Boundaries
Ordnance Survey maps to be kept in central office.
84.—(1) There shall be kept in the central office the latest available Ordnance Survey maps for the State.
(2) Provision may be made by general rules for marking or defining on such maps (in this Act referred to as “registry maps”) in the prescribed manner the lands the title to which has been registered under this Act, and for reference in the register to such maps, and such maps shall be open to public inspection at such times, in such manner, and upon such terms as shall be prescribed.
(3) The Registrar shall have and be deemed always to have had power to adopt, in any particular case, for the purposes of registration, any map which he considers satisfactory and such map, when so adopted, shall, for the purposes of this Act and of the repealed enactments, be and be deemed always to have been a registry map.
Description of registered land.
85.—Registered land shall be described by the names of the denominations on the Ordnance Survey maps in which the lands are included, or by reference to such maps, in such manner as the Registrar thinks best calculated to secure accuracy, but, except as provided by this Act, the description of the land in the register or on such maps shall not be conclusive as to the boundaries or extent of the land.
Entry of boundaries in certain cases.
86.—Where the boundaries of any registered land have been ascertained and defined by any conveyance executed by any of the Commissioners for Sale of Incumbered Estates in Ireland, or of the judges of the Landed Estates Court, or of the Land Judges, under the provisions of any of the Landed Estates Court Acts, or of the Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act, 1870, or by any conveyance or vesting order executed or made by the Land Commission under any of the provisions of the Land Purchase Acts, in every such case the Registrar may, if he thinks fit, after the prescribed notices, enter such boundaries on the register as conclusive, and they shall thereupon be conclusive upon all parties.
Entry of boundaries by agreement.
87.—(1) The Registrar may at any time, on the application of the registered owners of adjoining lands, or of the registered owner of land and an owner of adjoining unregistered land, and on the prescribed conditions being complied with, settle and enter on the register as conclusive the boundaries between those lands or any parts thereof, with such alterations, if any, as may from time to time be agreed upon.
(2) An entry in pursuance of this section shall be conclusive only as between the parties to the application and their respective successors in interest, and shall not operate to confirm the title to the lands the boundaries whereof are settled.
Settlement of boundaries on transfer.
88.—(1) On the transfer of part of any registered land, the Registrar, on the prescribed conditions being complied with, may enter on the register as conclusive the boundaries between the part transferred and the part not transferred.
(2) If on any transfer of registered land any question arises as to the boundaries or extent of the land transferred, the Registrar shall, on the application of the transferor or transferee, have jurisdiction to decide the question as between them, and for that purpose may, if it seems expedient, adopt the decision of any person agreed on by them or appointed by the Registrar.
Meaning of owner of unregistered land in regard to boundaries.
89.—For the purposes of the provisions of this Act with respect to boundaries, the owner of unregistered land is the person who is in possession thereof claiming to be entitled to the first estate of freehold or to a leasehold interest therein, or a receiver over such estate or interest appointed by a court of competent jurisdiction, and acting under the order of such court.
Supplementary Provisions
Powers of person entitled to be registered as owner of land or charge.
90.—Where a person on whom the right to be registered as owner of registered land or of a registered charge has devolved by reason of the death of the owner or the defeasance of the estate or interest of such owner or by reason of an instrument of transfer made in accordance with the provisions of this Act, desires to—
(a) transfer or charge the said land or create a lien thereon by deposit of the land certificate (or, where that person is the Land Commission, exercise any other rights of ownership, including enforcement of the right to vacant possession), or
(b) transfer or charge the said charge or create a lien thereon by deposit of the certificate of charge,
before he is himself registered as owner of the land or charge, he may do so subject to any burdens or rights affecting his interest which would have been entered on the register if he had himself become the registered owner and subject also to the provisions of this Act with regard to registered dealings for valuable consideration, and in the like manner and with the same effect as if he were the registered owner at the time of execution of the transfer, charge or deposit, as the case may be.
Undivided shares and co-owners.
91.—(1) The owner of any one or more undivided shares in any land or a charge may be registered with the addition of the prescribed entries in the register for the purpose of showing the share which he holds in the land or charge.
(2) Two or more persons may, in such manner and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, be registered as owners of the same land or of a charge on land, and where two or more persons are so registered they shall be deemed to be joint tenants, unless there is an entry in the register to the effect that they are tenants in common.
(3) On the registration of two or more persons as owners of the same land or of the same charge, an entry may, with their consent, be made in the register to the effect that, when the number of those owners is reduced below a certain specified number, no registered disposition of the land or charge is to be made except by order of the court.
(4) On the registration of two or more persons as owners of the same land or of the same charge, if the Registrar is satisfied that any number of those owners less than the whole are entitled to make a registered disposition of the land or charge, he shall make an entry in the register to that effect, and such number of those owners shall have power to make a registered disposition of the land or charge without an order of the court notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section.
Notice of trusts.
92.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, notice of a trust shall not be entered in the register.
(2) None of the following persons shall, by reason merely of the receipt by the Registrar of an instrument relating to land for the purpose of a registration, be affected with notice of any trust contained in or arising out of matters contained in such instrument:
(a) the Registrar;
(b) a registered transferee for valuable consideration of the land;
(c) a registered owner of a charge created for valuable consideration on the land;
(d) a person claiming an interest created for valuable consideration in a registered burden on the land.
(3) In this section “trust” includes express, implied and constructive trusts.
Discovery of instruments and facts affecting title.
93.—(1) Where—
(a) an application is made for the registration of the owner of any land in respect of which an examination of title is required, or
(b) the Registrar has occasion, in the course of his duties, to investigate the title to registered land or to a burden on registered land,
an affidavit shall be produced to the effect that, to the best of the deponent's knowledge and belief, all deeds, wills, instruments of title and incumbrances affecting the title, and all facts material to the title, have been disclosed to the Registrar.
(2) The Registrar may require any person making an affidavit in pursuance of this section to state in the affidavit what means he has had of becoming acquainted with the several matters referred to in the section; and if the Registrar is of opinion that any further evidence is necessary or desirable, he may refuse to effect the registration, or to make or cancel any entry in the register, until such further evidence is produced.
Production of deeds.
94.—Where—
(a) an application is made for the registration of an owner of land, or
(b) the Registrar has occasion, in the course of his duties, to investigate the title to registered land or to a burden on registered land,
if any person has in his possession or custody any deeds, wills or instruments affecting the title, to the production of which the applicant or any trustee for him is entitled or the production of which the Registrar considers, on any such occasion, to be necessary for the purpose of such investigation, the Registrar may require that person to show cause, within a time limited, why he should not produce such deeds, wills, or instruments, or any of them; and, unless cause is shown to the satisfaction of the Registrar within the time limited, he may order that the deeds, wills or instruments, or any of them shall be produced at the expense of the applicant, at such time and place, and in such manner, and on such terms as he thinks fit.
Deeds to be marked with notice of registration.
95.—Subject to general rules, the Registrar may, if he thinks fit, before registering a person as owner of land, require him to produce such documents of title as will in the opinion of the Registrar, when stamped or otherwise marked, give notice to any purchaser or other person dealing with the land of the fact of the registration, or otherwise to satisfy the Registrar that the fact of the registration cannot be concealed from a purchaser or other person dealing with the land, and may stamp or otherwise mark any documents so produced.
Cautions and Inhibitions
Caution against first registration of land.
96.—(1) Any person claiming such an interest in unregistered land as entitles him to object to a disposition thereof being made without his consent, or claiming to be an incumbrancer on unregistered land, may, if claiming otherwise than under an instrument registered in the Registry of Deeds, on producing an affidavit in the prescribed form of his interest, lodge a caution with the Registrar to the effect that the cautioner is entitled to notice of any application that may be made for registration of an owner of the land.
(2) Thereupon, an owner of the land shall not be registered until notice has been served on the cautioner to appear and oppose, if he thinks fit, the registration, and the prescribed time has elapsed since the date of the service of the notice, or the cautioner has entered an appearance, whichever first happens.
(3) If any person lodges a caution under this section without reasonable cause, he shall be liable to make compensation, recoverable as a simple contract debt, to any person damaged thereby.
Caution against registered dealings.
97.—(1) Any person entitled to any right in, to, or over registered land or a registered charge, may, on producing an affidavit in the prescribed form of his right, lodge a caution with the Registrar to the effect that no dealing with the land or charge is to be had on the part of the registered owner until notice has been served on the cautioner.
(2) Thereupon the Registrar shall not, without the consent of the cautioner, register any dealing with the land or charge, as the case may be, until he has served notice on the cautioner, warning him that his caution will lapse after the expiration of the prescribed time.
(3) After the expiration of that time, the caution shall lapse unless an order to the contrary is made by the Registrar and on the caution so lapsing the land or charge may be dealt with as if the caution had not been lodged.
(4) If, before the expiration of that time, the cautioner, or some other person on his behalf, appears and gives, if required by the Registrar, sufficient security to indemnify every person against any damage that may be sustained by reason of any dealing with the land or charge being delayed, the Registrar may, if he thinks fit, delay registering any dealing with the land or charge for such further period as he thinks just.
(5) If any person lodges a caution under this section without reasonable cause, he shall be liable to make compensation, recoverable as a simple contract debt, to any person damaged thereby.
(6) In the case of a caution lodged on behalf of a statutory authority, a certificate in the prescribed form may be accepted, at the discretion of the Registrar, in lieu of an affidavit.
Inhibition of registered dealings.
98.—(1) The court or, subject to an appeal to the court, the Registrar, on the application of any person interested in any registered land or charge, may, after directing such inquiries (if any) to be made and notices to be given and hearing such persons as the court or Registrar thinks expedient, make an order or, in the case of an application to the Registrar, an entry, inhibiting for a time, or until the occurrence of an event to be named in the order or entry, or except with the consent of or after notice to some specified person, or generally until further order or entry, any dealing with any registered land or registered charge.
(2) The Registrar, on the application of the person who has obtained an order of the court under the provisions of this section, shall make an entry of the order on the register in the prescribed manner.
(3) The court or Registrar may annex to any such order or entry any terms or conditions they think fit, and may discharge any such order or cancel any such entry, and generally may exercise such powers as the justice of the case requires; but nothing herein contained shall empower the Registrar to discharge an order made by the court.
(4) (a) Nothing in this section shall authorise any restrictions to be imposed on the powers of a tenant for life, or a person having the powers of a tenant for life, under the Settled Land Acts.
(b) Any entry made under this section may be withdrawn or modified at the instance of all the persons for the time being appearing by the register to be interested therein.
Settled Land
Provisions as to limited owners.
99.—(1) Where a person is registered as limited owner under a settlement, the names of the trustees of the settlement, if any, shall be entered in the register.
(2) The registration of a person as limited owner of settled land shall not—
(a) confer on the person so registered, as against any person claiming under the settlement, any greater powers of dealing with the land than those of a tenant for life under the Settled Land Acts; nor
(b) confer on the assignee, devisee or personal representative or assignee or trustee in bankruptcy of the limited owner any greater estate or interest than he would otherwise have; nor
(c) take away from any trustee under the settlement any powers of dealing with the land which he would otherwise have.
(3) Where a person is by operation of law or otherwise assignee of a person registered as limited owner of land, the name of the assignee shall, on his application, be entered in the register with the addition of the word “assignee”, or of such other words as may be prescribed. In default of such entry the registration of the limited owner shall continue to have effect as if there had been no assignment.
(4) The registered owner of a charge which is registered as a burden on the estate of a registered limited owner shall not be, and shall be deemed never to have been, as such an assignee of the estate of such limited owner within the meaning of this section; but nothing in this subsection shall operate to prevent the application of section 50 of the Settled Land Act, 1882, to any such charge.
(5) Where a new trustee is appointed, the Registrar shall, on application, and on production of the prescribed evidence, enter his name accordingly.
(6) The provisions of this Act with respect to the registration of limited owners shall not apply in the case of settled land within the meaning of section 63 of the Settled Land Act, 1882, unless the settlement confers on the limited owner the powers conferred by the Settled Land Act, 1882, on a tenant for life, or an order made under the Settled Land Act, 1884, is in force at the time of the application for registration.
(7) Where such an order is made with respect to registered land, it shall be to the effect that the person who is to exercise the powers of a tenant for life of the land in pursuance of that section shall be registered as limited owner of the land subject to such inhibitions (if any) as may be considered expedient, and it shall not be necessary to register the order as a lis pendens.
(8) A person shall not be affected with notice of the trusts of any settlement by reason of any person being registered as limited owner under the settlement or by reason of any reference to the settlement being entered on the register.
Trustees
Power for trustee to apply to court for directions.
100.—(1) Where a trustee or other person acting in a fiduciary capacity is in doubt as to the person who ought to be registered under this Act, or as to any other matter with respect to which he is required or authorised to act under this Act, he may apply to the court for directions.
(2) The costs, charges and expenses properly incurred by a trustee or other person acting in a fiduciary capacity (including a limited owner exercising powers under the Settled Land Acts or this Act) in or in connection with any proceeding or application required or authorised by this Act, or by any rules under this Act, shall be deemed to be costs, charges, and expenses properly incurred by him in the execution of his trust or duty, and may, in the case of a proceeding before, or an application to, the Registrar be finally ascertained and declared by the Registrar.
Persons under Disability
Infants.
101.—(1) Where the registered owner of land or a charge is an infant, he shall be so described in the register, but that description may be removed on the prescribed application.
(2) An infant may for all or any of the purposes of this Act be represented by such person as may be prescribed or appointed by the court.
Persons of unsound mind.
102.—(1) In the case of a lunatic so found by inquisition, the committee of his estate may represent him for all or any of the purposes of this Act.
(2) A person of unsound mind not so found by inquisition may be represented for all or any of the purposes of this Act by his committee or guardian (if any) appointed under the Lunacy Regulation (Ireland) Act, 1871, or, if no such committee or guardian is so appointed, by a guardian appointed by the court.
(3) A person of weak mind who is temporarily incapable of managing his affairs may be represented for all or any of the purposes of this Act by his guardian (if any) appointed under section 103 of the Lunacy Regulation (Ireland) Act, 1871, or, if no such guardian is so appointed, by a guardian appointed by the court.
Bankruptcy
Provisions as to bankruptcy of registered owner.
103.—(1) Where a petition of bankruptcy or a petition for arrangement is presented, the registrar of the court shall furnish the Registrar with notice of the presenting of the petition and the Registrar shall thereupon cause an entry to be made in the register inhibiting, for a period of three months from the date of the petition, any dealing with any registered land or charge which appears to be affected.
(2) Where any doubt arises as to the identity of the debtor or where the existence of a charge registered in the name of the debtor cannot readily be ascertained, the Registrar shall, as soon as possible after receiving notice of the presenting of the petition and after making such inquiries and giving such notices (if any) as he deems necessary, take such action in the matter as he thinks advisable.
(3) Where notice of the presenting of a petition has been given under this section and—
(a) the petition is afterwards dismissed or not proceeded with, or
(b) the registered owner is adjudicated a bankrupt and the adjudication is afterwards annulled, or
(c) in the case of an arrangement, if no vesting of registered land or a registered charge takes place by virtue of the arrangement,
the registrar of the court shall furnish the Registrar with notice to that effect and the Registrar shall thereupon cancel any entry made under subsection (1).
(4) Where registered land or a registered charge becomes by law vested in assignees or trustees for the benefit of the creditors of the registered owner, the assignees or trustees shall be entitled to be registered as owners of the land or charge or, in the case of settled land, as assignees of the registered owner. On such registration the Registrar shall cancel any entry made under subsection (1).
Stamp Duties.
Stamp duties.
104.—Before registering a purchaser as first registered owner of land and before registering any disposition of registered land, it shall be the duty of the Registrar to ascertain that all such stamp duties have been satisfied as would be payable if the land had been conveyed by an unregistered disposition to the purchaser or the disposition to be registered had been an unregistered disposition.
Certificates and Notices
Certificates.
105.—(1) Subject to general rules, the land certificate or certificate of charge granted on the registration of an owner of land, or of a charge on land, shall be produced to the Registrar on any subsequent transaction in relation to the land or charge requiring registration, as the case may be, and shall be either cancelled or so altered as to be brought into conformity with the register.
(2) Subject to general rules, the Registrar may, on the application of the registered owner, or of any person appearing to the Registrar to be entitled to require the production of a land certificate or certificate of charge, order any person in whose custody the certificate may be to produce the certificate to the Registrar for the purpose of any dealing with the registered land or charge which can be effected without the consent of the person having the custody of the certificate.
(3) The production of a certificate under this section shall not alter the right to the custody of the certificate, and shall not affect any lien of any person thereon.
(4) A land certificate or certificate of charge shall be prima facie evidence of the several matters therein contained.
(5) Subject to any registered rights, the deposit of a land certificate or certificate of charge shall, for the purpose of creating a lien on the land or charge to which the certificate relates, have the same effect as a deposit of the title deeds of unregistered land or of a charge thereon.
Addresses and notices.
106.—(1) Every person whose name is entered on the register as owner of land or of a charge, or as cautioner, or as entitled to receive any notice, or in any other capacity, shall furnish to the Registrar a place of address in the State.
(2) Subject to general rules, every notice by this Act required to be given to any such person shall be served by the Registrar and shall be served personally, or sent through the post in a registered letter marked outside in the prescribed manner and directed to the person at the address so furnished to the Registrar, and, unless returned, shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be deemed to have been received by the person addressed within such period as may be prescribed.
(3) A registered purchaser for valuable consideration shall not be affected by the omission to send any notice by this Act directed to be given, or by the non-receipt thereof, unless he had knowledge of such omission or non-receipt before registration.
Searches and Priority
Searches of registers and maps.
107.—(1) Any entry in, or index to, a register and any registry map may be inspected by any person at such times and on such conditions as may be prescribed.
(2) Any person may apply to the Registrar to make an official search in a register or registry map and to issue a certificate of the result of the search.
Priority given by certificate of official search.
108.—(1) Where the Registrar is satisfied that the person to whom a certificate of the result of an official search is issued has entered into a contract to purchase, take a lease of, or lend money on the security of a charge on, the land to which the certificate relates, the Registrar shall, at the request of that person, make an entry in the register in the prescribed form.
(2) In any such case, an application for registration of the instrument to complete the contract shall, provided the application is in order and is delivered at the central office within a period of fourteen days after the date of issue of the certificate, rank in priority before any other application for registration made in respect of the land within that period.
PART IV
Devolution on Death and Descent on Intestacy
Application of Part IV.
109.—This Part applies to all registered land.
Devolution of registered land.
110.—The law relating to the devolution of real estate on death shall apply to all registered land as it applies to real estate.
Succession to beneficial interest in registered land on intestacy.
111.—All registered land which devolves upon the personal representatives of a deceased person shall on intestacy be distributed as if it were personal estate.
Abolition of rules of descent in relation to registered freehold land.
112.—(1) All existing rules, modes and canons of descent and of devolution by special occupancy are hereby abolished in relation to all registered freehold land except in so far as they may apply to the descent of an entailed estate.
(2) Dower, tenancy by the curtesy and escheat are hereby abolished in relation to such land.
Saving for deaths before commencement of this Act.
113.—(1) The preceding provisions of this Part apply only in cases of death after the commencement of this Act.
(2) The provisions of Part IV of the Act of 1891 shall, in cases of death before such commencement, continue to apply to all land which was subject to the provisions of that Part immediately before such commencement.
Meaning of “heirs”.
114.—In relation to registered freehold land, the following provisions shall have effect—
(a) “heir” or “heirs” used as a word of limitation in any enactment, deed or instrument passed or executed either before or after the passing of this Act shall have the same effect as if this Act had not been passed;
(b) “heir” or “heirs” used as a word of purchase in any enactment, deed or instrument passed or executed before the commencement of this Act shall bear the same meaning as if this Act had not passed;
(c) “heir” or “heirs” used as a word of purchase in any enactment, deed or instrument passed or executed after the commencement of this Act shall, unless a contrary intention appears, be construed to mean the person or persons, other than a creditor, who would be beneficially entitled to the personal estate of the ancestor if the ancestor had died intestate;
(d) subject as aforesaid, references to the heirs of any person in any enactment, deed or instrument passed or executed either before or after the passing of this Act, shall be construed to refer to his personal representatives.
PART V
Miscellaneous Provisions
Avoidance of certain stipulations in contracts for sale or charge of registered land.
115.—Every stipulation in a contract for the sale or charge of registered land or for the transfer of a registered charge whereby the purchaser or intending chargeant or the intending transferee (as the case may be) is precluded from making requisitions in relation to burdens generally or any particular burden which, by virtue of section 72, may affect the land shall be void.
Exemption of land from registration in Registry of Deeds.
116.—(1) The registration under this Act of the ownership of any estate or interest in land shall, on and after the date of registration, exempt that estate or interest from the provisions of the enactments relating to the Registry of Deeds; and a deed or other document relating to that estate or interest and executed or coming into operation on or after that date shall not, unless it also relates to unregistered land, require to be registered in the Registry of Deeds. The registration of such ownership shall not, however, have the effect of exempting from registration in the Registry of Deeds any deed or document relating to the title to any other estate or interest in the land other than a deed or document creating such estate or interest.
(2) Where the ownership of any estate or interest in land is registered under this Act a memorial of the registration, in the prescribed form, shall be given to the Registrar of Deeds, who shall forthwith register the memorial in the Registry of Deeds without any fee or duty being charged for so doing.
(3) When the registration in the Registry of Deeds of any deed or other document within a certain period or otherwise is required by any enactment, registration of the title under such deed or other document (within the same period, where registration within a certain period is required) shall be a compliance with the provisions of that enactment.
Exemption from registration elsewhere of burdens registered under this Act.
117.—(1) Registration of a burden under this Act shall have the same effect as, and make unnecessary, registration of any deed or document relating to such burden, in the Registry of Deeds. In the case of a leasehold interest the ownership of which is not registered under this Act such exemption shall extend only to the lease itself and not to any other deed or document relating to the title to the leasehold interest.
(2) (a) Registration in the prescribed manner of a judgment, order, inquisition, recognizance or State bond as a burden under this Act shall have the same effect as and make unnecessary, for any purpose as regards the land, the registration thereof in the Registry of Judgments;
(b) No such judgment, order, inquisition, recognizance or bond shall, after the expiration of five years from the date of such registration, affect any registered land as to purchasers, mortgagees or creditors, unless and until it is re-registered in the prescribed manner under this Act within five years before the execution of the conveyance, settlement, mortgage, lease, or other instrument vesting or transferring the legal or equitable right to the estate or interest in or to any such purchaser or mortgagee for valuable consideration, or as to creditors within five years before the right of such creditor accrued, and so re-registered at the expiration of every succeeding five years.
Indemnity of registering authority.
118.—A registering authority shall not, nor shall any person acting under his authority or under any order or general rule made in pursuance of this Act, be liable to any action, suit or proceeding for or in respect of any act or matter bona fide done or omitted to be done in the exercise or supposed exercise of the powers of this Act, or any order or general rule made in pursuance of this Act.
Penalties for fraud.
119.—(1) If any person commits any of the following offences, that is to say—
(a) in the course of any proceedings before the Registrar or the court in pursuance of this Act, with intent to conceal the title or claim of any person, or to substantiate a false claim, suppresses, attempts to suppress, or is privy to the suppression of, any document or fact, or
(b) fraudulently procures, attempts to fraudulently procure, or is privy to the fraudulent procurement of, any entry, erasure or alteration in the register, or
(c) in any affidavit required or authorised to be made for any purpose under this Act, or under any order or general rules made in pursuance of this Act, wilfully makes a false statement in any material particular,
he shall be guilty of a misdemeanour, and if convicted on indictment shall be liable to imprisonment for any term not exceeding two years, or to a fine not exceeding five hundred pounds.
(2) No proceeding or conviction for any offence declared by this Act to be a misdemeanour shall affect any remedy to which any person aggrieved by the offence may be entitled.
(3) Nothing in this Act shall entitle any person to refuse to make a complete discovery in any legal proceeding, or to answer any question or interrogatory in any civil proceeding; but no such discovery or answer shall be admissible in evidence against that person in any criminal proceeding under this Act.
Compensation for error, forgery or fraud in relation to registration.
120.—(1) This section applies to loss sustained by any person by reason of—
(a) the rectification by the court of any such error in registration as may be rectified under subsection (1) of section 32, or
(b) any error originating in the Land Registry (whether of misstatement, misdescription, omission or otherwise, and whether in a register or in a registry map) which occurs in registration and is not rectified under the said subsection (1), or
(c) any entry in or omission from a register or registry map caused or obtained by forgery or fraud, or
(d) any error in an official search carried out by a registering authority or any of his officers, or
(e) the inaccuracy of any office copy of or extract from a register or registry map, or of any office copy of or extract from any document or plan filed in the Land Registry.
(2) Where any person sustains loss to which this section applies, and the loss is not caused or substantially contributed to by the act, neglect or default of himself or his agent, that person and also any person deriving title from him shall be entitled to compensation for that loss in accordance with this section.
(3) In the case of rectification of an error by the court under subsection (1) of section 32, the costs and expenses incurred by the applicant in obtaining the rectification shall be deemed to be a loss to which this section applies.
(4) All compensation payable under this section shall be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas.
(5) The following provisions shall apply to every claim for compensation under this section:
(a) the claim shall be made in the prescribed manner to the Registrar and notice thereof shall be given to the Minister for Finance;
(b) the Registrar shall determine the claim and such determination shall be final unless either the Minister for Finance or the claimant is dissatisfied with that determination, in which case either party may appeal to the court;
(c) no claim shall be entertained by the Registrar after the expiration of a period of six years from the time when the right to compensation accrued unless, on the expiration of such period the person entitled to claim was under disability, in which case the claim shall not be entertained after the expiration of two years from the termination of the disability, but the determination of the Registrar to refuse or allow a claim under this paragraph shall be subject to appeal to the court;
(d) for the purposes of paragraph (c), the right to compensation shall be deemed to have accrued—
(i) in regard to any estate or interest in possession, on the date of the registration which occasioned the loss in respect of which compensation is claimed, or
(ii) in regard to any estate or interest in remainder or reversion, on the date when such estate or interest would, but for such registration as aforesaid, have fallen into possession;
(e) the compensation shall include the costs incurred by the claimant in establishing his claim.
(6) Where compensation is paid under this section to any person—
(a) the compensation (other than costs) shall be applicable in discharge of any incumbrances affecting the estate or interest of that person in the land or charge in respect of which the compensation is payable;
(b) the Minister for Finance shall have the same right to recover the amount of such compensation from any person who caused or derived advantage from the loss as the person who suffered the loss would have had if the loss were an injury caused to him by the first mentioned person.
Inhibition in consequence of discovery of error.
121.—(1) Whenever it appears to the Registrar that an error which may be capable of rectification has been made in registration, the Registrar may enter in the register such inhibition against dealings with the land or the burden affected by such error as he thinks proper for the purpose of protecting the Central Fund against claims for compensation in respect of losses occasioned by registrations made after such error is discovered and before it is rectified.
(2) An inhibition entered in the register under this section shall not affect any registration actually pending in the central office when such inhibition is entered nor prevent the completion of such registration.
(3) Whenever the Registrar enters an inhibition under this section, he shall send notice of such inhibition and of the error because of which it was entered to all persons who appear from the register to be affected by such error and to such other persons (if any) as may be prescribed.
Owner of land with possessory title not a trustee under Statute of Limitations, 1957.
122.—(1) Where a person is registered as owner of land with a title which is or is deemed to be a possessory title, neither he nor any person claiming through him shall, by reason only of the registration, be, in respect of that land, a trustee for the purposes of the Statute of Limitations, 1957.
(2) Subsection (1) is in substitution for paragraph (c) of subsection (2) of section 2 of the Statute of Limitations, 1957, repealed by this Act.
Effect of words of transfer.
123.—(1) An instrument of transfer of freehold registered land without words of limitation, or any equivalent expression, shall pass the fee simple or other the whole interest which the transferor had power to transfer in the land unless a contrary intention appears in the instrument.
(2) An instrument of transfer of freehold registered land to a corporation sole by his corporate designation without the word “successors” shall pass to the corporation the fee simple or other the whole interest which the transferor had power to transfer in the land unless a contrary intention appears in the instrument.
(3) In an instrument of transfer of registered land a resulting use or trust for the transferor shall not be implied merely by reason that the property is not expressed to be transferred to the use or benefit of the transferee.
(4) This section applies only to instruments of transfer executed after the commencement of this Act.
Power of Peace Commissioners to take affidavits.
124.—An affidavit to be made or used in any proceedings before the Registrar may be sworn before a Peace Commissioner who shall have power to administer the oath for that purpose.
Registration of land below high-water mark.
125.—Where application is made for the registration of an owner of land and it appears to the Registrar that the land comprises foreshore, within the meaning of the Foreshore Act, 1933, the Registrar shall send notice in writing thereof to the Minister for Transport and Power.
Power to make rules and orders.
126.—(1) The committee constituted by section 73 of the Courts of Justice Act, 1936, shall continue to be styled the Registration of Title Rules Committee.
(2) The Registration of Title Rules Committee, with the concurrence of the Minister for Justice, may make general rules for carrying into effect the objects of this Act, and in particular, without limiting the foregoing power, in respect of all or any of the following matters:
(a) the conduct of the business in the central and local offices, and the powers and duties of the Registrar and local registrars, and of all officers and persons attached to the central office and the local offices;
(b) the relations between the central office and the local offices;
(c) the conduct of transfers and the publication of information relating to transfers;
(d) the making, keeping, and indexing of the registers and the authentication and preservation of documents relating to title;
(e) the procedure to be observed, the precautions to be taken, the notices to be given and the evidence to be adduced in all proceedings in connexion with registration, and the circumstances under which and the persons to whom reference is to be made in respect of the examination of any title to land proposed to be registered;
(f) the procedure to be adopted in connexion with registration on exchange of holdings;
(g) the form in which and conditions under which entries in the register are to be made and may be modified or cancelled; the order in which entries relating to the same land are to be made, and the correction of clerical errors in the registers or registry maps or in any document connected with registration;
(h) the form and contents of any instrument, certificate, memorial, affidavit or other document required or authorised to be used or given under or for the purposes of this Act;
(i) the conditions under which a new land certificate or certificate of charge may be given in place of a certificate lost, defaced or destroyed;
(j) the custody of any instruments from time to time coming into the hands of any officer of the Land Registry;
(k) the inspection of and making of copies of or extracts from any register or document in the custody of the Land Registry;
(l) the costs and fees to be charged by or allowed to solicitors or other persons in or incidental to or consequential on registration, or any other matter required to be done for the purpose of carrying this Act into execution, or otherwise in discharge of the duties imposed by or under this or any other Act on a registering authority, with power to require those costs and fees to be payable by commission, percentage, or otherwise;
(m) the taxation of costs and the persons by and to whom costs are to be taxed and paid;
(n) the entering into security for the costs of appeal under this Act; and
(o) any matter by this Act directed or authorised to be prescribed, or for which general rules are by this Act directed or authorised to be made.
(3) Provision shall be made by general rules for the registration, without cost to the parties interested, of all titles recorded under the Record of Title (Ireland) Act, 1865, and care shall be taken in such rules to protect any rights acquired in pursuance of such recording. Until registration, that Act shall apply thereto as if this Act had not been passed.
(4) (a) Every office under the control of the Registrar as such, or as Registrar of Deeds, shall be open to the public on such days and during such hours as the Minister for Justice may from time to time by order appoint.
(b) The Registry of Deeds Office (Ireland) Holidays Act, 1883, is hereby repealed.
(c) Notwithstanding section 2, this subsection shall come into operation on the passing of this Act.
Saving for bona vacantia.
127.—Nothing in this Act shall affect the right of the State to any property as bona vacantia.
SCHEDULE
REPEALS
Session and Chapter or Number and Year | Short Title | Extent of Repeal |
10 & 11 Vict. c. 32. | Landed Property Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1847. | Section 21, in so far as it provides for the registration of a release, in relation to registered land, in the Registry of Deeds. |
34 & 35 Vict. c. 100. | Glebe Loan (Ireland) Amendment Act, 1871. | Section 13, in so far as it provides for the registration of a release, in relation to registered land, in the Registry of Deeds. |
38 & 39 Vict. c. 82. | National School Teachers Residences (Ireland) Act, 1875. | In section 5, the second paragraph, in so far as it provides for the registration of a release, in relation to registered land, in the Registry of Deeds. |
54 & 55 Vict. c. 66. | Registration of Title Act, 1891. | The whole Act. |
3 Edw. 7 c. 37. | Irish Land Act, 1903. | Subsection (6) of section 3. |
No. 42 of 1923. | Land Act, 1923. | Sections 58 to 60, and subsection (2) of section 63. |
No. 19 of 1927. | Sections 51 and 52. | |
No. 11 of 1931. | Subsection (3) of section 30. Section 31. | |
No. 38 of 1933. | Land Act, 1933. | Section 48. |
No. 48 of 1936. | ||
No. 26 of 1939. | Land Act, 1939. | Section 7. |
No. 26 of 1942. | The whole Act. | |
No. 6 of 1957. | Paragraph (c) of subsection (2) of section 2. In paragraph (d) (inserted by section 26 of the Administration of Estates Act, 1959) of subsection (2) of section 2, the words “or subsection (1) of section 86 of the Act of 1891”. In section 24, the words “and to section 52 of the Act of 1891”. | |
No. 8 of 1959. | Paragraph (a) of section 9. Section 22. |