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Uimhir 6 de 1957.
REACHT NA dTRÉIMHSÍ, 1957.
[An tiontó oifigiúil.]
CUID I.
Réamhráiteach agus Ginearálta.
Gearrtheideal agus tosach feidhme.
1.—(1) Féadfar Reacht na dTréimhsí, 1957, a ghairm den Acht seo.
(2) Tiocfaidh an tAcht seo i ngníomh an 1ú lá d'Eanáir, 1959.
Forála ginearálta maidir le léiriú.
2.—(1) San Acht seo—
ciallaíonn “Acht 1891” an Registration of Title Act, 1891;
folaíonn “caingean” aon imeacht (seachas imeacht coiriúil) i gCúirt arna bunú le dlí;
folaíonn “caingean chun talamh d'aisghabháil”—
(a) caingean ag éileamh dearbhú teidil chun talún,
(b) imeachta ag morgáistí ag lorg seilbh talún ó mhorgáisteoir,
(c) imeachta faoi alt 13 den Acht um Chlárú Teidil, 1942 (Uimh. 26 de 1942), ag duine atá cláraithe faoi Acht 1891 mar únaer muirir ar thalamh cláraithe ag lorg seilbh na talún;
tá le “eadráin”, “comhaontú eadrána” agus “dámhachtáin” na bríonna atá leo san Acht Eadrána, 1954 (Uimh. 26 de 1954);
ciallaíonn “cíos coinbhinsiúin” cíos is iníoctha faoi léas nó conradh eile tionóntachta (pé acu i scríbhinn dó nó nach ea agus pé acu sainráite dhó nó inchiallaithe) agus folaíonn sé an cíos is iníoctha ag tionónta reachtúil do réir bhrí an Achta Shrianta Cíosa, 1946 (Uimh. 4 de 1946), ach ní fholaíonn sé cíos feo-fheirme is iníoctha faoi dheontas a bhunaíos comhbhaint thiarna talún agus tionónta;
ciallaíonn “urthrá” an méid sin, síos ó líne barr láin na ngnáth-thaoidí nó na meán-taoidí, de ghrinneall agus trá na farraige agus na n-abhann taoide agus na n-inbhear taoide uile agus de ghrinneall agus trá sruthchlaisí, crompán, agus bánna uile na farraige nó aon abhann nó inbhir den tsórt sin;
ciallaíonn “morgáiste breithiúnais” mionnscríbhinn únaerachta arna clárú faoin Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1850;
folaíonn “talamh” oidhreachtáin chorpracha agus cíos-mhuirir, agus leas i bhfáltais ó thalamh a dhíol a bhí ar iontaobhas i gcóir díola, ach ní fholaíonn sé aon oidhreachtán neamhchorprach ach amháin mar atá ráite;
folaíonn “morgáiste” morgáiste cothromais agus morgáiste breithiúnais agus forléireófar dá réir sin “morgáisteoir”, “morgáistí” agus focail ghaolmhara;
ciallaíonn “an dáta feidhme” an 1ú lá d'Eanáir, 1959;
ciallaíonn “achtachán eile i dtaobh tréimhsí tórann” aon achtachán (seachas an tAcht seo) a bhaineas le tréimhsí do chaingin;
ní fholaíonn “eastát pearsanta” airnéisí réadacha;
folaíonn “díobhála pearsanta” aon ghalar agus aon dochar do staid choirp nó mheabhrach dhuine;
ní fholaíonn “maoin phearsanta” airnéisí réadacha;
ciallaíonn “ionadaí pearsanta” seiceadóir bunaidh nó seiceadóir trí ionadaíocht, nó riarthóir, do dhuine éagtha agus, maidir le talamh lena mbaineann na hAchta Talamh-Cheannaigh, folaíonn sé duine a ceapadh, faoi na hAchta sin agus chun críocha imeachta faoi na hAchta sin, ina riarthóir ar eastát pearsanta dhuine éagtha nó a hainmníodh mar ionadaí do dhuine atá marbh, as láthair nó faoi mhíchumas;
ciallaíonn “talamh cláraithe” talamh a bhfuil an teideal chuige cláraithe faoi Acht 1891;
ciallaíonn “cíos-mhuirear” aon bhlianacht nó aon tsuim thréimhsiúil airgid atá ina mhuirear ar thalamh nó is iníoctha as, agus folaíonn sé—
(a) aon íocaíocht bhliantúil nó thréimhsiúil le Coimisiún Talún na hÉireann, lena n-áirítear blianacht ag aisíoc morgáiste thráthchoda is iníoctha isteach i gCiste Temporáltachtaí na hEaglaise, agus
(b) aon íocaíocht thréimhsiúil a bhí, díreach roimh an 6ú lá de Nollaig, 1922, inbhailithe faoi na Crown Lands Acts, 1829 to 1913, agus arb é a bhí ann—
(i) coróin-chíos, nó
(ii) cíos cúiteach, nó
(iii) cíos iomalairte, nó
(iv) aon chíos-mhuirear eile, agus
(c) cíos feo-fheirme, pé acu a bhunaíos nó nach mbunaíonn an deontas faoinarb iníoctha é comhbhaint thiarna talún agus tionónta,
ach ní fholaíonn sé—
(d) cíos coinbhinsiúin, ná
(e) ús ar mhorgáiste nó muirear ar thalamh, ná
(f) blianacht infhorceannta is iníoctha i leith iasachta faoi Achta na dTithe (Gaeltacht), 1929 agus 1934;
folaíonn “long” gach saghas árthaigh a húsáidtear chun loingseoireachta agus nach le maidí rámha a gluaistear í;
ciallaíonn “údarás Stáit” aon údarás arb é atá ann—
(a) Aire Stáit, nó
(b) Coimisinéirí na nOibreacha Poiblí in Éireann, nó
(c) Coimisiún Talún na hÉireann, nó
(d) na Coimisinéirí Ioncaim, nó
(e) an tArd-Aighne.
(2) (a) San Acht seo, ní fholaíonn “iontaobhaí”—
(i) duine ar ó fhorléiriú an dlí nó ó a bheith intuigthe ón dlí, agus uaidh sin amháin, a thig a chomhbhaint mhuiníneach agus nach meastar le haon riail dlí gur comhbhaint mhuiníneach í, ná
(ii) ionadaí pearsanta i gcáil ionadaí phearsanta.
(b) I gcás—
(i) leasa (dá ngairmtear an leas nua sa mhír seo) i dtalamh, a tíolacfar do cheannaitheóir nó a dílseofar ann faoi na hAchta Talamh-Cheannaigh, arb é atá ann nó a meastar gurb é atá ann, faoi aon fhoráil de na hAchta sin nó ar shlí eile, greamacht ar aon sean-leas sa talamh sin nó in aon talamh eile, agus
(ii) an leas nua a bheith faoi réir aon cheart nó cothromas de dhroim gur greamacht den tsórt sin é,
ní bheidh an ceannaitheoir, ná aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd, ina iontaobhaí chun críocha an Achta seo i leith an leasa nua, de dhroim na nithe a luaitear i bhfo-mhíreanna (i) agus (ii) den mhír seo agus dá ndroim sin amháin.
(c) I gcás—
(i) duine a bheith cláraithe faoi Acht 1891 mar únaer talún, agus
(ii) an clárú a bheith, de bhun fo-ailt (3) d'alt 29 d'Acht 1891, faoi réir na gceart nó na gcothromas dá dtagartar sa bhfo-alt sin,
ansin, ní bheidh an duine sin, ná aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd, ina iontaobhaí chun críocha an Achta seo i leith na talún sin de dhroim an chláruithe sin agus dá dhroim sin amháin.
(d) Ní bheidh ionadaí pearsanta, i gcáil ionadaí phearsanta dhó, ina iontaobhaí chun críocha an Achta seo de dhroim ailt 1 den Executors Act, 1830, nó ailt 86 d'Acht 1891, agus dá dhroim sin amháin.
(3) Chun críocha an Achta seo, measfar cúis chaingin chun suim a ghnóthú is inghnóthuithe ag tortóir faoi alt 4 nó 5 d'Acht na dTortóirí, 1951 (Uimh. 1 de 1951), maidir le dliteanas an tortóra do dhuine díobhálaithe, d'fhaibhriú ar an dáta ar a bhfuair an duine díobhálaithe breithiúnas in aghaidh an tortóra.
(4) Nuair a beifear ag tabhairt feidhme don Acht seo maidir le talamh cláraithe a ndearnadh muirear chun príomhshuim d'íoc a bhunú ina leith faoi alt 40 d'Acht 1891—
(a) forléireofar tagairtí do mhorgáisteoir mar thagairtí don únaer cláraithe a chuir an talamh faoi mhuirear,
(b) forléireofar tagairtí don mhorgáistí mar thagairtí d'únaer cláraithe an mhuirir,
(c) forléireofar tagairtí do mhorgáiste mar thagairtí d'ionstraim an mhuirir,
agus forléireofar focail ghaolmhara dá réir sin.
(5) (a) Chun críocha an Achta seo—
(i) measfar duine do dhéanamh éilimh trí dhuine eile más tríd an duine eile sin, nó faoi, nó trína ghníomh, a tháinig sé i dteideal an chirt a beifear a éileamh;
(ii) duine a bhféadfaí a eastát nó a leas d'urchosc ag duine i dteideal leasa shainoidhreachta i seilbh, measfar é a bheith ag éileamh tríd an duine ar leis an teideal sin.
(b) Aon duine a thiocfas i dteideal aon eastáit nó léasa de bhuaidh cumhachta ceapacháin speisialta ní measfar chun críocha an Achta seo é a bheith ag éileamh tríd an té a cheap é.
(6) San Acht seo—
(a) folóidh tagairtí do cheart caingin chun talamh d'aisghabháil tagairtí do cheart chun seilbh a ghabháil ar an talamh nó, i gcás cíos-mhuirir, tocsal a dhéanamh le haghaidh riaráistí an chíos-mhuirir,
(b) folóidh tagairtí do chaingean a thionscnamh chun talamh d'aisghabháil tagairtí do sheilbh a ghabháil ar an talamh nó, i gcás cíos-mhuirir, tocsal a dhéanamh le haghaidh riaráistí an chíos-mhuirir.
(7) San Acht seo—
(a) déanfar, i gcás cíos-mhuirir, tagairtí do sheilbh talún d'fhorléiriú mar thagairtí don chíos-mhuirear d'fháil, agus
(b) déanfar, i gcás cíos-mhuirir, tagairtí do dháta an díshealbhuithe, nó do dháta an scoir de sheilbh, maidir le talamh, d'fhorléiriú mar thagairtí don dáta deiridh a fuarthas an cíos-mhuirear.
(8) San Acht seo, forléireofar tagairtí d'aon achtachán mar thagairtí don achtachán sin arna leasú nó arna leathnú le haon achtachán ina dhiaidh sin.
Feidhm maidir leis an Stát.
3.—(1) Ach amháin mar foráltar a mhalairt go sainráite san Acht seo agus gan dochar d'alt 7 den Acht seo, beidh feidhm ag an Acht seo maidir le himeachta ag údarás Stáit nó ina choinne ionann is dá mba dhuine príobháideach an t-údarás Stáit sin.
(2) Ní bheidh feidhm ag an Acht seo —
(a) maidir le haon imeachta chun aon tsuim a ghnóthú a bheas dlite i leith cánach nó dleachta a bheas de thuras na huaire faoi chúram agus bainistí na gCoimisinéirí Ioncaim nó aon úis ar an gcéanna, ná
(b) maidir le haon imeachta chun aon fhíneáil, pionós nó forghéilleadh a ghnóthú a tabhaíodh i ndáil le haon cháin nó dleacht den tsórt sin, ná
(c) maidir le haon imeachta i leith forghéilleadh faoi na hAchta Custam nó faoi na hAchta a bhaineas leis na dleachta máil agus le bainistí na ndleacht sin.
(3) Ní dhéanfaidh aon ní san Acht seo difir do cheart an Stáit chun aon mhianaigh óir nó airgid.
Gan feidhm a bheith ag an Acht seo maidir le himeachta i leith long d'fhorghéilleadh.
4.—Ní bheidh feidhm ag an Acht seo maidir le haon imeachta i leith long nó leas i loing d'fhorghéilleadh faoin Acht Loingis Thráchtála, 1955 (Uimh. 29 de 1955).
Cosaint maidir le dlínse chothromais chun faoiseamh a dhiúltú ar fhoras toileachais nó eile.
5.—Ní dhéanfaidh aon ní san Acht seo difir d'aon dlínse chothromais chun faoiseamh a dhiúltú ar fhoras toileachais nó eile.
Forála maidir le fritháireamh agus i frithéileamh.
6.—Chun críocha an Achta seo, measfar gur caingean ar leithligh aon éileamh i modh fritháirimh nó frithéilimh a tionscnaíodh ar aon-dáta leis an gcaingean inar pléadáladh an fritháireamh nó an frithéileamh.
Cosaint d'achtacháin eile i dtaobh tréimhsí tórann i gcás caingean.
7.—Ní bheidh feidhm ag an Acht seo—
(a) maidir le haon chaingean dá bhfuil tréimhse thórann socair le haon achtachán eile i dtaobh tréimhsí tórann ná
(b) maidir le haon chaingean a bhfuil údarás Stáit ina pháirtí ann agus a mbeadh, dá mba dhuine príobháideach an t-údarás Stáit sin, tréimhse thórann socair dó le haon achtachán eile i dtaobh tréimhsí tórann.
Forála maidir le caingin faoi urchosc agus ar feitheamh ar an dáta feidhme,
8.—Ní dhéanfaidh aon ní san Acht seo—
(a) cumas a thabhairt chun aon chaingean a thionscnamh a bhí faoi urchosc, roimh an dáta feidhme, ag aon achtachán a hathghairmtear leis an Acht seo, ach amháin sa mhéid go mb'fhéidir an chúis chaingin nó an ceart caingin d'athbheochan trí admháil nó pairtíocaíocht do réir Choda III den Acht seo, ná
(b) difir d'aon chaingean a tionscnaíodh roimh an dáta feidhme ná don teideal chun aon mhaoine is ábhar d'aon chaingean den tsórt sin.
Athghairm.
9.—Déantar leis seo na hachtacháin a luaitear i gcolún (2) den Sceideal a ghabhas leis an Acht seo d'athghairm a mhéid a luaitear i gcolún (3) den Sceideal sin.
CUID II.
Tréimhsí Tórann maidir le hAicmí Difriúla Caingean.
Cuid II a bheith faoi réir forál Coda III maidir le míchumas, admháil, páirt-íocaíocht, calaois agus dearmad.
10.—Beidh éifeacht ag na forála ina dhiaidh seo den Chuid seo den Acht seo faoi réir na bhforál de Chuid III den Acht seo a dhéanas foráil chun na tréimhsí tórann i gcás míchumais, admhála, páirt-íocaíochta, calaoise agus dearmaid a fhadú.
Caingin chonartha agus toirt agus caingin áirithe eile.
Tréimhsí tórann do chaingin chonartha agus toirt agus do chaingin áirithe eile
11.—(1) Ní tionscnófar na caingin seo a leanas tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an chúis chaingin—
(a) caingin ar conradh simplí is bonn dóibh;
(b) caingin ar samhail-chonradh is bonn dóibh;
(c) caingin chun cúirt-bhanna a chur i bhfeidhm;
(d) caingin chun dámhachtain a chur i bhfeidhm, i gcás gan an comhaontú eadrána a bheith faoi shéala nó i gcás eadrána faoi aon Acht seachas an tAcht Eadrána, 1954 (Uimh. 26 de 1954);
(e) caingin chun aon tsuim a ghnóthú is inghnóthuithe de bhuaidh aon achtacháin, seachas
(i) pionós nó forghéilleadh nó suim i modh pionóis nó forghéilleadh, nó
(ii) fiach a bunaíodh le fo-alt (2) d'alt 14 nó le halt 125 den Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, nó
(iii) suim is inghnóthuithe ag tortóir faoi alt 4 nó 5 d'Acht na dTortóirí, 1951 (Uimh. 1 de 1951).
(2) (a) Faoi réir míreanna (b) agus (c) den fho-alt seo, ní déanfar caingean ar tort is bonn dó a thionscnamh tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an chúis chaingin.
(b) Aon chaingean ag éileamh damáistí mar gheall ar fhaillí, núis nó sárú dualgais (pé acu is dualgas é de bhuaidh conartha nó de bhuaidh forála arna déanamh le reacht, nó faoi reacht, nó ar leithligh ó aon chonradh nó ó aon fhoráil den tsórt sin) i gcás inarb é a bheas sna damáistí, nó ina bhfolóidh na damáistí, a bheas á n-éileamh ag an ngearánaí mar gheall ar an bhfaillí, an núis nó an sárú dualgais, damáistí i leith díobhála pearsanta d'aon duine, ní tionscnófar é tar éis trí bliana a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an chúis chaingin.
(c) Ní déanfar caingean ag éileamh damáistí mar gheall ar bhéad-chaint a thionscnamh tar éis trí bliana a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an chúis chaingin.
(3) Ní déanfar caingean chun suim a ghnóthú is inghnóthuithe ag tortóir faoi alt 4 nó 5 d'Acht na dTortóirí, 1951 (Uimh. 1 de 1951), i leith dliteanas an tortóra do dhuine díobhálaithe, a thionscnamh tar éis dhá bhliain a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an chúis chaingin.
(4) Ní déanfar caingean i leith cuntais a thionscnamh maidir le haon ní a tharla níos mó ná sé bliana sarar tionscnaíodh an caingean.
(5) Ní déanfar na caingin seo a leanas a thionscnamh tar éis dhá bhliain déag a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an chúis chaingin:—
(a) caingean ar ionstraim faoi shéala, seachas caingean ar ionstraim faoi shéala chun aon ní acu seo a leanas a ghnóthú—
(i) riaráistí cíos-mhuirir nó cíosa choinbhinsiúin, nó
(ii) aon phríomhshuim airgid atá urraithe le morgáiste nó le muirear eile, nó
(iii) riaráistí úis i leith aon tsuime airgid atá urraithe le morgáiste nó le muirear eile, nó
(iv) riaráistí blianachta atá de mhuirear ar mhaoin phearsanta;
(b) caingean chun dámhachtain a chur i bhfeidhm, nuair is comhaontú faoi shéala an comhaontú eadrána;
(c) caingean chun fiach a ghnóthú a bunaíodh le fo-alt (2) d'alt 14 nó le halt 125 den Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908.
(6) (a) Ní tionscnófar caingean iar bhreithiúnas tar éis dhá bhliain déag a bheith caite ón dáta a tháinig an breithiúnas chun bheith infheidhmithe.
(b) Ní gnóthófar aon riaráistí úis i leith aon fhéich bhreithiúnais tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta a tháinig an t-ús chun a bheith dlite.
(7) (a) Sa bhfo-alt seo, ní fholaíonn “pionós” fíneáil a dlífear a chur ar aon duine arna chiontú i gcion coiriúil.
(b) Ní déanfar caingean chun aon phionós nó forghéilleadh nó suim i modh pionóis nó forghéilleadh a ghnóthú, is inghnóthuithe de bhuaidh aon achtacháin, a thionscnamh tar éis dhá bhliain a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an chúis chaingin.
(8) (a) Bainfidh fo-alt (1) den alt seo le caingean chun páigh mairnéalach a ghnóthú.
(b) Ach amháin mar foráltar le mír (a) den fho-alt seo, ní bhainfidh an t-alt seo le haon chúis chaingin laistigh de dhlínse Aimiréalachta na hArd-Chúirte is inchurtha i bhfeidhm in rem.
(9) (a) Ní bhainfidh an t-alt seo le haon éileamh ar shainchomhlíonadh conartha nó ar urghaire nó ar fhaoiseamh cothromais eile.
(b) Ní forléireófar mír (a) den fho-alt seo mar ní a choisceas ar Chúirt aon fhoráil den alt seo a chur i bhfeidhm trí analach díreach mar cuirtí i bhfeidhm go dtí seo an t-achtachán comhréire a cúlghairmtear leis an Acht seo.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás comhshóití comhleanúnacha, agus teideal únaera earraí comhshóite a bheith múchta.
12.—(1) I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh aon chúis chaingin maidir le comhshó airnéise nó coinneáil éagórach airnéise tar éis faibhriú chun aon duine, agus
(b) go dtarlóidh comhshó nó coinneáil éagórach eile sara n-aisghabhfaidh sé seilbh ar an airnéis,
ansin, faoi réir ailt 26, ní déanfar aon chaingean i leith an chomhshóite nó na coinneála éagóraí eile a thionscnamh tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an chúis chaingin i leith an chomhshóite nó na coinneála éagóraí bunaidh.
(2) I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh aon chúis chaingin maidir le comhshó nó coinneáil éagórach airnéise tar éis faibhriú chun aon duine, agus
(b) go mbeidh an tréimhse caite atá socair chun an caingean sin a thionscnamh agus chun aon chaingean a thionscnamh maidir le comhshó nó coinneáil éagórach eile den tsórt a luaitear i bhfo-alt (1) den alt seo, agus
(c) nár aisghabh sé seilbh ar an airnéis in imeacht na tréimhse sin,
ansin, faoi réir ailt 26, beidh teideal an duine sin chun na hairnéise múchta.
Caingin chun talamh d'aisghabháil.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean chun talamh d'aisghabháil.
13.—(1) (a) Faoi réir míreanna (b) agus (c) den fho-alt seo. ní thionscnóidh údarás Stáit aon chaingean chun aon talamh d'aisghabháil tar éis tríocha bliain a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun údaráis Stáit nó, más chun duine éigin trína mbeidh an t-údarás Stáit ag éileamh d'fhaibhrigh sé ar dtús, chun an duine sin.
(b) Féadfaidh údarás Stáit caingean chun urthrá d'aisghabháil a thionscnamh tráth ar bith sara mbeidh seasca bliain caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun údaráis Stáit.
(c) I gcás aon cheart caingin, chun talamh d'aisghabháil nach urthrá feasta ach atá fós ar únaeracht ag an Stát, d'fhaibhrigh nuair dob urthrá an talamh, féadfar an caingean a thionscnamh tráth ar bith sara mbeidh seasca bliain caite ó dháta faibhrithe an chirt chaingin, nó daichead bliain ón dáta a scoir an talamh de bheith ina urthrá, pé tréimhse acu is túisce a bheas caite.
(2) Beidh feidhm ag na forála seo a leanas maidir le caingean ag duine (seachas údarás Stáit) chun talamh d'aisghabháil—
(a) faoi réir míre (b) den fho-alt seo, ní déanfar aon chaingean den tsórt sin a thionscnamh tar éis dhá bhliain déag a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun an duine a thionscnós é nó, más chun duine éigin trína mbeidh sé ag éileamh d'fhaibhrigh sé ar dtús, chun an duine sin;
(b) más chun údaráis Stáit d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin ar dtús, féadfar an caingean a thionscnamh tráth ar bith roimh dheireadh na tréimhse ina bhféadfadh údarás Stáit an caingean a thionscnamh, nó sara mbeidh dhá bhliain déag caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun duine éigin seachas údarás Stáit, pé tréimhse acu is túisce a bheas caite.
(3) Chun críocha an Achta seo—
(a) i gcás ceart caingin chun aon talamh d'aisghabháil d'fhaibhrigh chun na Corónach roimh an 6ú lá de Nollaig, 1922, measfar an ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú chun údaráis Stáit ar an dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun na Corónach ar dtús;
(b) i gcás ceart caingin chun aon talamh d'aisghabháil d'fhaibhrigh chun Saorstát Éireann roimh an 29ú lá de Nollaig, 1937, measfar an ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú chun údaráis Stáit ar an dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun Saorstát Éireann ar dtús;
(c) i gcás ceart caingin chun aon talamh d'aisghabháil d'fhaibhrigh chun an Stáit roimh an dáta feidhme, measfar an ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú chun údaráis Stáit ar an dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun an Stáit ar dtús.
Ceart caingin (leasa láithreacha i dtalamh) d'fhaibhriú.
14.—(1) I gcás an duine a thionscnós caingean chun talamh d'aisghabháil nó duine éigin trína mbeidh sé ag éileamh a bheith i seilbh na talún sin agus, le linn dó teideal a bheith aige chun na talún sin, gur díshealbhaíodh é nó gur scoir sé dá sheilbh, measfar an ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú ar dháta an díshealbhuithe nó an scoir.
(2) I gcás—
(a) ina dtionscnóidh aon duine caingean chun aon talamh le duine éagtha d'aisghabháil, pé acu faoi uacht nó ar dhíthiomnacht é, agus
(b) maidir leis an duine éagtha—
(i) go raibh sé, ar dháta a bháis, i seilbh na talún nó, i gcás cíos-mhuirir a bunaíodh le huacht nó a ghlacfadh éifeacht ar é d'fháil bháis, i seilbh na talún faoi mhuirear, agus
(ii) gurb é an duine deiridh é agus teideal aige chun na talún a bhí i seilbh na talún,
measfar an ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú ar dháta a bháis.
(3) I gcás—
(a) ina dtionscnóidh aon duine caingean chun talamh d'aisghabháil is eastát nó leas i seilbh arna fhorcinntiú, ar shlí seachas trí uacht, dó féin nó do dhuine éigin trína mbeidh sé ag éileamh, ag duine a bhí, ar an dáta a ghlac an forcinntiú éifeacht,—
(i) i seilbh na talún, nó
(ii) i gcás cíos-mhuirir a bunaíodh leis an bhforcinntiú, i seilbh na talún faoi mhuirear, agus
(b) nach raibh duine ar bith i seilbh na talún de bhuaidh an fhorcinntithe,
measfar an ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú ar an dáta a ghlac an forcinntiú éifeacht.
Ceart caingin (leasa todhchaí i dtalamh) d'fhaibhríú.
15.—(1) Faoi réir a bhforáltar anseo ina dhiaidh seo san alt seo, measfar, maidir leis an gceart caingin chun aon talamh d'aisghabháil—
(a) i gcás inarbh eastát nó leas frithdhílse nó fuíll, nó aon eastát nó leas todhchaí, an t-eastát nó an leas a beifear a éileamh, agus
(b) nár ghlac aon duine seilbh ar an talamh de bhuaidh an eastáit nó an leasa a beifear a éileamh,
gur ar an dáta a thit an t-eastát nó an leas chun seilbhe, trí fhorceannadh an eastáit nó an leasa roimhe, d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
(2) (a) Mura raibh an duine ag a raibh teideal chun an eastáit nó an leasa roimhe sin, nár théarma blianta iomlán, i seilbh na talún ar dháta a fhorceannta, ní dhéanfaidh an duine ag a mbeidh teideal chun an eastáit nó an leasa ina dhiaidh sin caingean a thionscnamh tar éis dhá bhliain déag a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun an duine ag a raibh teideal chun an eastait nó an leasa roimhe sin nó sé bliana ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun an duine ag a mbeidh teideal chun an eastáit nó an leasa ina dhiaidh sin, pé tréimhse acu is deireannaí a bheas caite.
(b) Más ag an Stát a bheas teideal chun an eastáit nó an leasa ina dhiaidh sin, beidh éifeacht ag mír (a) den fho-alt seo ach tagairt do thríocha bliain a chur in ionad na tagairte do dhá bhliain déag agus tagairt do dhá bhliain déag a chur in ionad na tagairte de shé bliana.
(3) Ní bhainfidh na forála roimhe seo den alt seo le haon eastát ná leas a thitfeas chun seilbhe ar leas sainoidhreachta d'fhorceannadh agus d'fhéadfadh an duine i dteideal an leasa shainoidhreachta d'urchosc.
(4) Ní thionscnóidh duine ar bith caingean chun go n-aisghabhfaidh aon eastáit nó leas i dtalamh faoi fhorcinntiú a ghlacfadh éifeacht tar éis an ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú chun an duine a rinne an forcinntiú nó chun duine éigin trínar éiligh sé nó chun duine éigin ag a raibh teideal chun eastáit nó leasa roimhe sin, mura bhféadfadh an duine a rinne an forcinntiú caingean den tsórt sin a thionscnamh.
(5) I gcás—
(a) teideal a bheith ag aon duine chun aon eastáit nó leas i dtalamh i seilbh, agus
(b) le linn dó an teideal sin a bheith aige, teideal a bheith freisin ag an duine sin chun aon eastáit nó leasa thodhchaí sa talamh sin, agus
(c) a cheart chun an eastáit nó an leasa i seilbh d'aisghabháil a bheith urchosctha faoin Acht seo,
ní dhéanfaidh an duine sin ná aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd aon chaingean a thionscnamh i leith an eastáit nó an leasa thodhchaí mura mbeidh duine i dteideal eastáit nó leasa idirmheánaigh tar éis seilbh na talún d'aisghabháil idir dhá linn.
Ceart caingin (forghéilleadh nó sárú coinníll) d'fhaibhriú.
16.—(1) Measfar ceart chun talamh d'aisghabháil de bhuaidh forghéilleadh nó sárú coinníll d'fhaibhriú ar an dáta a tabhaíodh an forghéilleadh nó a sáraíodh an coinníoll.
(2) I gcás—
(a) ceart caingin chun talamh d'aisghabháil de bhuaidh forghéilleadh nó sárú coinníll a bheith faibhrithe chun duine ag a raibh teideal chun eastáit nó leasa frithdhílse nó fuíll, agus
(b) nár haisghabhadh an talamh dá bhuaidh sin,
ní measfar an ceart caingin chun an talamh d'aisghabháil a bheith faibhrithe chun an duine sin go dtí gur thit a eastát nó a leas chun seilbhe amhail is nár tharla aon fhorghéilleadh ná sárú coinníll den tsórt sin.
Ceart caingin (tionóntachtaí áirithe) d'fhaibhriú.
17.—(1) (a) Chun críocha an Achta seo, measfar tionóntacht ar thoil d'fhorceannadh ar bhliain a bheith caite ó dháta tosnuithe na tionóntachta sin, mura mbeifear tar éis é d'fhorceannadh roimhe sin.
(b) Measfar ceart caingin dhuine ag a bhfuil teideal chun talún atá faoi thionóntacht ar thoil d'fhaibhriú ar dháta na tionóntachta d'fhorceannadh.
(c) Ní measfar, chun críocha an fho-ailt seo, morgáisteoir ná tairbhí ar bith a bheith ina thionónta ar thoil ag a mhorgáistí nó a iontaobhaí.
(2) (a) Measfar, chun críocha an Achta seo, tionóntacht ó bhliain go bliain nó ar feadh tréimhse eile, gan léas i scríbhinn, a bheith forceannta ag deireadh na céad bhliana nó na tréimhse eile.
(b) Measfar ceart caingin dhuine ag a bhfuil teideal chun talún faoi thionóntacht ó bhliain go bliain nó ar feadh tréimhse eile, gan léas i scríbhinn, d'fhaibhriú ar dháta na tionóntachta d'fhorceannadh, mura mbeifear tar éis aon chíos nó íocaíocht tréimhsiúil eile d'fháil ina dhiaidh sin i leith na tionóntachta, agus sa chás sin measfar an ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú ar an dáta deiridh a fuarthas cíos nó íocaíocht tréimhsiúil eile.
(3) I gcás—
(a) aon duine a bheith i seilbh talún de bhuaidh léasa i scríbhinn trína bhforcoiméadtar cíos coinbhinsiúin bliantúil nach lú ná fiche scilling, agus
(b) an cíos a bheith á fháil ag duine éigin (dá ngairmtear an fáltóir éagórach sa bhfo-alt seo) adeir go héagórach go bhfuil teideal aige chun na talún i bhfrithdílse agus sin ar feitheamh díreach ar an léas d'fhorceannadh, agus
(c) gan an duine ag a bhfuil an teideal ceart chuige d'fháil aon chíosa ina dhiaidh sin,
measfar gur ar an dáta a fuair fáltóir éagórach an cíos den chéad uair, agus nach ar dháta an léasa d'fhorceannadh, d'fhaibhrigh ceart caingin an duine dheiridh sin a luaitear chun an talamh d'aisghabháil.
(4) Ní bhainfidh fo-alt (1) den alt seo le tionóntacht ar thoil a dheoin údarás Stáit, agus ní bhainfidh fo-alt (3) den alt seo le léas a dheoin údarás Stáit ná le léas a bhfuil leas an léasóra faoi dílsithe in úharás Stáit.
Gan ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú ach i gcás seilbhe codarsna.
18.—(1) Ní measfar aon cheart caingin chun talamh d'aisghabháil d'fhaibhriú muran i seilbh (dá ngairmtear seilbh chodarsna san alt seo) dhuine éigin ar féidir don tréimhse thórann rith ina fhábhar atá an talamh.
(2) I gcás—
(a) ina measfar faoi na forála roimhe seo den Acht seo ceart caingin chun talamh d'aisghabháil d'fhaibhriú ar dháta áirithe, agus
(b) nach bhfuil seilbh chodarsna ag aon duine ar an talamh ar an dáta sin,
ní measfar ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú mura nglacfar ná go dtí go nglacfar seilbh chodarsna ar an talamh.
(3) I gcás ina mbeidh ceart caingin chun talamh d'aisghabháil tar éis faibhriú agus, ina dhiaidh sin, sara mbeidh urchosc ar an gceart caingin, go scoirfidh an talamh de bheith i seilbh chodarsna, ní measfar a thuilleadh an ceart caingin a bheith tar éis faibhriú agus ní measfar aon cheart caingin nua d'fhaibhriú mura nglacfar ná go dtí go nglacfar seilbh chodarsna arís ar an talamh.
(4) Chun críocha an ailt seo—
(a) measfar gur seilbh chodarsna ar an gcíos-mhuirear seilbh aon talún faoi chíos-mhuirear ag duine (seachas an duine ag a bhfuil teideal chun an chíos-mhuirir) nach n-íocann an cíos-mhuirear, agus
(b) measfar gur seilbh chodarsna ar an talamh an cíos coinbhinsiúin faoi léas d'fháil ag duine adeir go héagórach go bhfuil teideal aige chun na talún i bhfrithdhílse agus sin ag feitheamh díreach ar an léas d'fhorceannadh.
Leigheas i gcás forcinntiú díshaoinoidhreach atá lochtach.
19.—I gcás—
(a) duine atá i dteideal an fhuíll faoi shocraíocht i gcás eastáit shainoidhrithe in aon talamh a bheith tar éis forcinntiú a dhéanamh air a fhágas gan urchosc an sliocht sainoidhreach nó na heastáit a ghlacas éifeacht ar an eastát sainoidhrithe d'fhorceannadh nó a fhágas gan urchosc na heastáit sin amháin, agus
(b) aon duine (seachas duine éigin ag a bhfuil teideal chun seilbhe de bhuaidh na socraíochta) a bheith i seilbh na talún le dhá bhliain déag ó thosach an ama óna mbeadh an forcinntiú, dá ndéanadh an duine ag a raibh teideal chun an eastáit shainoidhrithe é d'fhorghníomhiú an uair sin, ag oibriú, gan toiliú aon duine eile, chun an sliocht sainoidhreach agus na heastáit sin, d'urchosc,
ansin, ar an tréimhse sin a bheith caite, oibreoidh an forcinntiú, agus measfar gur oibrigh sé riamh, chun an sliocht sainoidhreach agus na heastáit sin d'urchosc.
Ní chaomhnóidh dul isteach foirmiúil ná síor-éileamh ceart caingin.
20.—Chun críocha an Achta seo—
(a) ní measfar aon duine a bheith i seilbh aon talún de dhroim amháin go ndeachaigh sé isteach go foirmiúil ar an talamh sin,
(b) ní chaomhnóidh aon tsíor-éileamh ná aon éileamh eile, ar thalamh, ná ina aice, aon cheart caingin chun an talamh d'aisghabháil.
Gan seilbh ag comhoidhrseach amháin, etc., a bheith ina sheilbh ag daoine eile.
21.—I gcás aon duine amháin nó níos mó de dhaoine iomaí ag a raibh teideal chun aon talún mar chomhoidhrseacha, nasc thionóntaí, no tionóntaí i gcoiteannas, a bheith i seilbh na talún sin go léir, nó i seilbh níos mó ná a scair nó a scaireanna neamhroinnte den talamh sin, chun leasa dó féin nó dóibh féin nó chun leasa aon duine nó daoine seachas an duine nó na daoine ag a raibh teideal chun na scaire nó na scaireanna eile den talamh sin, ansin, chun críocha an Achta seo, ní measfar gur sheilbh ag an duine sin, nó ag na daoine sin, is déanaí a luaitear, ná ag aon duine acu an tseilbh sin.
Ní seilbh oidhre seilbh dearthár shóisir, etc.
22.—I gcás deartháir shóisir nó gaol eile leis an duine ag a bhfuil teideal mar oidhre chun aon talún do ghabháil seilbhe ar an talamh sin, ansin, chun críocha an Achta seo, ní measfar gur seilbh an duine atá i dteideal mar oidhre an tseilbh sin.
Dáta an bháis dáta an riaracháin.
23.—Chun críocha na bhforál den Acht seo a bhaineas le caingin chun talamh d'aisghabháil, measfar riarthóir eastáit dhuine éagtha a bheith ag déanamh éilimh amhail is nach raibh aon eatramh ama idir dáta báis an duine éagtha agus dáta na litreacha riaracháin a dheonadh.
Teideal chun talún a bheith múchta ar bheith caite don tréimhse thórann le haghaidh caingean chun talamh d'aisghabháil.
24.—Faoi réir ailt 25 den Acht seo agus ailt 52 d'Acht 1891, ar bheith caite don tréimhse a socraítear leis an Acht seo chun aon duine do thionscnamh caingin chun talamh d'aisghabháil, beidh teideal an duine sin chun na talún múchta.
Estáit chothramais i dtalamh agus talamh ar iontaobhas.
25.—(1) Faoi réir ailt 44 den Acht seo, bainfidh forála an Achta seo le heastáit chothramais i dtalamh, lena n-áirítear leasa sna fáltais ó thalamh a dhíol a bhí ar iontaobhas i gcóir díola, mar bhainid le heastáit dlíthiúla i dtalamh agus, dá réir sin, measfar, chun críocha an Achta seo, ach chucu sin amháin, ceart caingin chun an talamh d'aisghabháil d'fhaibhriú chun duine ag a bhfuil teideal i seilbh chun eastáit chothromais i dtalamh ar an modh céanna agus sna cúinsí céanna agus ar an dáta céanna a bhfaibhreodh sé dá mba eastát dlíthiúil sa talamh a eastát.
(2) I gcás aon talamh a bheith ar iontaobhas, lena n-áirítear iontaobhas i gcóir díola, agus an tréimhse a bheith caite a socraítear leis an Acht seo chun na hiontaobhaithe do thionscnamh caingin chun an talamh d'aisghabháil, ní bheidh eastát na n-iontaobhaithe múchta, mura mbeidh agus an fhad nach mbeidh an ceart caingin, chun an talamh d'aisghabháil, atá ag aon duine ag a bhfuil teideal chun leasa thairbhiúil sa talamh nó sna fáltais díola, faibhrithe nó gan bheith urchosctha leis an Acht seo, ach, má bhíonn agus an uair a bheas gach ceart caingin den tsórt sin urchosctha amhlaidh, beidh eastát na n-iontaobhaithe múchta.
(3) I gcás aon talamh a bheith ar iontaobhas, lena n-áirítear iontaobhas i gcóir díola, féadfaidh na hiontaobhaithe caingean chun an talamh d'aisghabháil a thionscnamh thar ceann aon duine ag a bhfuil teideal chun leasa thairbhiúil i seilbh sa talamh nó sna fáltais dhíola agus nach bhfuil a cheart caingin urchosctha leis an Acht seo, d'ainneoin go mbeadh ceart caingin na n-iontaobhaithe urchosctha leis an Acht seo ar leith ón bhforáil seo.
(4) I gcás aon talamh socraithe, do réir bhrí na Settled Land Acts, 1882 to 1890, nó aon talamh ar iontaobhas i gcóir díola, a bheith i seilbh dhuine ag a bhfuil teideal chun leasa thairbhiúil sa talamh nó sna fáltais dhíola, nach duine ag a bhfuil an teideal aonair iomlán chun na talún sin, ní measfar, chun críocha an Achta seo, aon cheart caingin chun an talamh d'aisghabháil d'fhaibhriú le linn na seilbhe sin chun aon duine ina bhfuil an talamh dílsithe mar iontaobhaí ná chun aon duine eile ag a bhfuil teideal chun leasa thairbhiúil sa talamh nó sna fáltais dhíola.
Caingin chun airnéisí socraithe d'aisghabháil.
Caingin chun airnéisí socraithe d'aisghabháil.
26.—(1) I gcás aon airnéisí a bheith ar iontaobhas, lena n-áirítear iontaobhas i gcóir díola, agus an tréimhse a bheith caite a socraítear leis an Acht seo chun na híontaobhaithe do thionscnamh caingin chun na hairnéisí d'aisghabháil, ní bheidh teideal na n-iontaobhaithe múchta má bhíonn agus an fhad a bheas ceart caingin aon duine ag a bhfuil teideal tairbhiúil chun na n-airnéisí gan faibhriú nó gan bheith urchosctha leis an Acht seo, ach, má bhíonn agus an uair a bheas an ceart caingin sin urchosctha amhlaidh, beidh teideal na n-iontaobhaithe múchta.
(2) I gcás aon airnéisí a bheith ar iontaobhas, lena n-áirítear iontaobhas i gcóir díola, féadfaidh na hiontaobhaithe caingean chun na hairnéisí d'aisghabháil a thionscnamh thar ceann duine ar bith ag a bhfuil teideal tairbhiúil i seilbh chun na n-airnéisí nó na fáltais dhíola agus nach bhfuil a cheart caingin urchosctha leis an Acht seo, d'ainneoin go mbeadh ceart caingin na n-iontaobhaithe urchosctha leis an Acht seo ar leith ón bhforáil seo.
(3) I gcás aon airnéisí ar iontaobhas, lena n-áirítear iontaobhas i gcóir díola, a bheith i seilbh dhuine ag a bhfuil teideal chun leasa thairbhiúil sna hairnéisí nó sna faltais dhíola, nach duine ag a bhfuil an teideal aonair iomlán chucu sin, ní measfar, chun críocha an Achta seo, aon cheart caingin chun na hairnéisí d'aisghabháil d'fhaibhriú le linn na seilbhe sin chun aon duine ina bhfuil na hairnéisí dílsithe mar iontaobhaí ná chun aon duine eile ag a bhfuil teideal chun leasa thairbhiúil sna hairnéisí nó sna fáltais dhíola.
Caingin chun riaráistí cíos-mhuirear, cíosa choinbhinsiúin, duair agus blianachtaí atá ina muirir ar mhaoin phearsanta a ghnóthú.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean chun riaráistí cíos-mhuirir a ghnóthú.
27.—(1) Ní tionscnófar caingean, ná ní déanfar tocsal, chun riaráistí cíos-mhuirir ná damáistí ina leith a ghnóthú, tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta a tháinig na riaráistí chun bheith dlite.
(2) I bhfo-alt (1) den alt seo, ní fholaíonn an focal “caingean” imeachta faoi alt 37 den Acht Talún, 1927 (Uimh. 19 de 1927).
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean chun riaráistí cíosa choinbhinsiúin a ghnóthú.
28.—Ní tionscnófar aon chaingean nó ní déanfar tocsal, chun riaráistí cíosa choinbhinsiúin ná damáistí ina leith a ghnóthú, tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta a tháinig na riaráistí chun bheith dlite.
Barántais faoi alt 28 den Acht Talún, 1933.
29.—(1) Ní eiseoidh Coimisiún Talún na hÉireann aon bharántas faoi alt 28 den Acht Talún, 1933 (Uimh. 38 de 1933), i leith aon airgid a tháinig chun bheith dlite dhóibh agus iníoctha leo níos mó ná sé bliana roimh dháta an bharántais.
(2) Leanfaidh barántas faoi alt 28 den Acht Talún, 1933, i bhfeidhm go ceann tréimhse sé bliana ón dáta a bheas air, agus ní níos sia ná sin, agus ní scoirfidh de bheith i bhfeidhm toisc an duine a bheas ainmnithe ann mar mhainneachtnóir a bheith tar éis bháis nó tar éis scor ar shlí eile, i rith na tréimhse sin, de na tailte a bheas tuairiscithe ann a bheith ar áitiú aige.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean chun riaráistí duair a ghnóthú.
30.—Ní tionscnófar aon chaingean, ná ní déanfar tocsal, chun riaráistí duair ná damáistí ina leith a ghnóthú, tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta a tháinig na riaráistí chun bheith dlite.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean chun riaráistí blianachta atá ina muirear ar mhaoin phearsanta a ghnóthú.
31.—Ní tionscnófar aon chaingean, chun riaráistí blianachta atá ina muirear ar mhaoin phearsanta ná damáistí ina leith a ghnóthú, tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta a tháinig na riaráistí chun bheith dlite.
Caingin maidir le morgáistí agus muirir.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean ag eireadóirí á éileamh go ndíolfar talamh.
32.—(1) Ní dhéanfaidh údarás Stáit aon chaingean á éileamh go ndíolfar talamh atá faoi mhorgáiste nó muirear, a thionscnamh tar éis tríocha bliain a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun údaráis Stáit, nó, más chun duine éigin trína bhfuil údarás Stáit ag éileamh d'fhaibhrigh sé ar dtús, chun an duine sin.
(2) Bainfidh na forála seo a leanas le caingean ag duine (seachas údarás Stáit) á éileamh go ndíolfar talamh atá faoi mhorgáiste nó muirear:—
(a) faoi réir míre (b) den fho-alt seo, ní tionscnófar aon chaingean den tsórt sin tar éis dhá bhliain déag a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun an duine a thionscnós é nó, más chun duine éigin trína bhfuil sé ag éileamh d'fhaibhrigh sé ar dtús, chun an duine sin;
(b) más chun údaráis Stáit d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin ar dtús, féadfar an caingean a thionscnamh tráth ar bith roimh dheireadh na tréimhse ina bhféadfadh údáras Stáit an caingean a thionscnamh nó sara mbeidh dhá bhliain déag caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun duine éigin seachas údarás Stáit, pé tréimhse acu is túisce a bheas caite.
Múchadh teidil mhorgáistí chun talún morgáistithe ar bheith caite don tréimhse le haghaidh caingean á éileamh go ndíolfar talamh.
33.—Ar an tréimhse a bheith caite a socraítear leis an Acht seo chun morgáistí do thionscnamh caingin á éileamh go ndíolfar an talamh morgáistithe, beidh teideal an mhorgáistí chun na talún múchta.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean fuascailte (talamh).
34.—(1) (a) I gcás seilbh a bheith ag morgáistí talún ar aon chuid den talamh morgáistithe le dhá bhliain déag, ní dhéanfaidh an morgáisteoir ná aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd aon chaingean a thionscnamh ina dhiaidh sin chun an talamh a bhfuil an morgáistí ina sheilbh amhlaidh d'fhuascailt.
(b) Níl feidhm ag mír (a) den fho-alt seo maidir le morgáiste Breathnach.
(2) I gcás morgáistí talún faoi mhorgáiste Breathnach a fhorálas go bhfuil na cíosa agus na brabúis le húsáid chun na príomhshuimeanna agus an t-ús a laghdú a bheith i seilbh na talún le dhá bhliain déag dar tosach an dáta a glanadh na príomhshuimeanna agus an t-ús uile, ní dhéanfaidh an morgáisteoir ná aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd aon chaingean chun an talamh d'fhuascailt a thionscnamh ina dhiaidh sin.
Teidoal morgáisteora chun talún morgáistithe a bheith múchta ar bheith caite don tréimhse le baghaidh caingean chun talamh d'fhuascailt.
35.—Faoi réir ailt 52 d'Acht 1891, ar an tréimhse a bheith caite a socraítear leis an Acht seo chun morgáisteoir do thionscnamh caingin chun talamh faoi mhorgáiste d'fhuascailt, beidh teideal an mhorgáisteora chun na talún múchta.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean chun príomhshuim a ghnóthú atá urraithe le muirear ar thalamh nó ar mhaoin phearsanta.
36.—(1) (a) Ní déanfar aon chaingean chun aon phríomhshuim a ghnóthú atá urraithe le morgáiste nó muirear ar thalamh nó ar mhaoin phearsanta (seachas long) a thionscnamh tar éis dhá bhliain déag a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart chun an t-airgead d'fháil.
(b) Maidir le na feidhm—
(i) i leith morgáiste, a bhfuil ús air iníoctha isteach i gCiste Temporáltachtaí na hEaglaise, nó
(ii) i leith muirir ar thalamh faoi alt 31 den Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1881, nó
(iii) i leith muirir ar thalamh faoi Acht na dTithe (Gaeltacht), 1929 agus 1934,
beidh éifeacht ag mír (a) den fho-alt seo amhail is dá gcuirtí “tríocha bliain” in ionad na bhfocal “dhá bhliain déag.”
(2) Measfar, chun críocha an ailt seo, an ceart chun aon phríomhshuim d'fháil atá urraithe le morgáiste nó muirear eile a bheith gan faibhriú an fhad is cuid den mhaoin ar a bhfuil an morgáiste nó an muirear aon leas todhchaí nó aon pholasaí árachais saoil atá gan aibiú nó gan forceannadh.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean chun riaráistí úis ar mhorgáiste nó ar mhuirear a ghnóthú.
37.—(1) Ní déanfar aon chaingean, chun riaráistí úis is iníoctha i leith aon phríomhshuime a ghnóthú atá urraithe le morgáiste nó muirear ar thalamh nó ar mhaoin phearsanta (seachas long), nó dámáistí a ghnóthú i leith riaráistí den tsórt sin, a thionscnamh tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta a tháinig an t-ús chun bheith dlite.
(2) I gcás—
(a) morgáistí tosaíochta nó eireadóir tosaíochta eile a bheith i seilbh na maoine faoi mhuirear, agus
(b) go ndéanfaidh eireadóir ina dhiaidh sin caingean a thionscnamh laistigh de bhliain tar éis scor den tseilbh sin,
féadfaidh sé, leis an gcaingean sin, na riaráistí úis uile a tháinig chun bheith dlite i rith na tréimhse a bhí an t-eireadóir tosaíochta i seilbh, nó damáistí ina leith sin, a ghnóthú d'ainneoin an tréimhse a bheith níos sia ná sé bliana.
(3) I gcás—
(a) inar cuid de mhaoin faoi mhorgáiste nó muirear aon leas todhchaí nó polasaí arachais saoil, agus
(b) gur téarma den mhorgáiste nó den mhuirear go ndéileálfar le riaráistí úis mar chuid den phríomhshuim a hurraíodh leis an morgáiste nó an muirear,
ní measfar ús a theacht chun bheith dlite roimh an tráth d'fhaibhrigh, nó a measfar d'fhaibhrigh, an ceart chun an phríomhshuim d'fháil.
Ceart morgáistí nó muirearóra chun féich mhorgáiste a bheith múcha ar bheith caite don tréimhse le haghaidh caingean chun talamh d'aisghabháil nó chun a éileamh go ndíolfar talamh.
38.—Ar bheith caite don tréimhse a socraítear leis an Acht seo chun morgáistí talún do thionscnamh caingin chun an talamh d'aisghabháil, nó chun duine a bheas ag éileamh mar mhorgáistí nó muirearóir do thionscnamh caingin go ndíolfar an talamh, beidh ceart an mhorgáistí nó an duine sin chun na príomhshuime agus an úis a hurraíodh leis an morgáiste nó an muirear múchta.
Ceart morgáistí nó muirearóra chun príomhshuime a hurraíodh le morgáiste nó muirear ar mhaoin phearsanta a bheith múchta ar bheith caite don tréimhse le haghaidh caingean chun príomhshuim a ghnóthú.
39.—Ar bheith caite don tréimhse a socraítear leis an Acht seo chun morgáistí nó muirearóir do thionscnamh caingin chun príomhshuim a hurraíodh le morgáiste nó muirear ar mhaoin phearsanta (seachas long) a ghnóthú, beidh ceart an mhorgáistí nó an mhuirearóra chun na príomhshuime agus an úis múchta.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean maidir le cearta pearsanta áirithe i dtalamh nó ina leith, mar shampla, ceart cothabhála, etc.
40.—Ní déanfar caingean i leith cirt de chineál liain ar luach airgid i dtalamh nó i leith talún ar feadh tréimhse tóranta nach sia ná saol, mar shampla, ceart cothabhála nó ceart cónaithe, nach ceart cónaithe eisiach i gcuid nó ar chuid shonraithe den talamh, a thionscnamh tar éis dhá bhliain déag a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
Ceart pearsanta i dtalamh nó i leith talún, mar shampla, ceart cothabhála, etc., a bheith múchta ar bheith caite don tréimhse le haghaidh caingean i leith an chirt sin.
41.—Ar bheith caite don tréimhse a socraítear leis an Acht seo chun aon duine do thionscnamh caingin i leith cirt de chineál liain ar luach airgid i dtalamh nó i leith talún ar feadh tréimhse tóranta nach sia ná saol, mar shampla, ceart cothabhála nó ceart cónaithe, nach ceart cónaithe eiseach i gcuid nó ar chuid shonraithe den talamh, beidh an ceart sin múchta.
Srian le hús ar airnéismhorgáistí a ghnóthú faoi alt 26 den Acht Cairde Thalmhaíochta, 1947.
42.—An tsuim i leith úis a bheas dlite ar scór airnéis-mhorgáiste (do réir bhrí an Achta Chairde Thalmhaíochta, 1947 (Uimh. 14 de 1947) ), a deimhneofar in ordú faoi alt 26 den Acht sin, ní fholóidh sí aon ús d'fhaibhrigh chun bheith dlite níos mó ná sé bliana roimh dháta an orduithe.
Caingin maidir le maoin iontaobhais.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean i gcoinne iontaobhaithe.
43.—(1) (a) Faoi réir ailt 44 den Acht seo, ní déanfar caingean, chun airgead nó maoin eile a ghnóthú nó d'aisghabháil nó mar gheall ar aon tsárú iontaobhais, caingean dá socraítear tréimhse thórann le haon fhoráil eile den Acht seo, a thionscnamh i gcoinne iontaobhaí, ná i gcoinne aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd, tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
(b) Chun críocha míre (a) den fho-alt seo, ní measfar ceart caingin d'fhaibhriú chun tairbhí ag a bhfuil teideal chun leasa thodhchaí i maoin iontaobhais go dtí go dtitfidh an leas chun seilbhe.
(2) Aon tairbhí a mbeadh cosaint mhaith ina choinne de bhuaidh an ailt seo, ní bhfaighidh sé ó bhreithiúnas nó ordú a fuair tairbhí eile aon tairbhe is mó ná mar d'fhéadfadh sé d'fháil ná thar mar d'fhéadfadh sé d'fháil dá mba é féin a thionscain an caingean agus gur pléideáladh an tAcht seo mar chosaint.
Ní háirítear caingin i gcoinne iontaobhaithe i gcásanna calaoise nó coinneála maoine iontaobhais.
44.—Ní bheidh feidhm ag aon tréimhse thórann a socraítear leis an Acht seo maidir le caingean i gcoinne iontaobhaí nó aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd i gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh an t-éileamh bunaithe ar aon chalaois nó sárú calaoiseach iontaobhais a raibh an t-iontaobhaí páirteach nó inpháirteach ann, nó
(b) gurb é atá san éileamh éileamh chun maoin iontaobhais d'aisghabháil atá á choimeád, nó na fáltais uaidh atá á gcoimeád, ag an iontaobhaí, nó a fuair an t-iontaobhaí roimhe sin agus a chomhshóigh sé chun a úsáide féin.
Caingin maidir le heastáit dhaoine éagtha.
Tréimhse thórann i gcás caingean chun eastát pearsanta dhao ne éagtha d'aisghabháil.
45.—(1) Faoi réir ailt 46 den Acht seo, ní déanfar aon chaingean i leith aon éilimh chun eastáit phearsanta dhuine éagtha nó chun aon scaire nó leasa san eastát sin, pé acu faoi uacht nó ar dhíthiomnacht é, a thionscnamh tar éis dhá bhliain déag a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart chun an scair nó an leas d'fháil.
(2) Faoi réir ailt 46 den Acht seo, ní déanfar aon chaingean chun riaráistí úis, nó damáistí i leith na riaráistí sin, a ghnóthú i leith aon leagáide a thionscnamh tar éis sé bliana a bheith caite ón dáta a tháinig an t-ús chun bheith dlite.
Ní háirítear caingin i gcoinne ionadaithe pearsanta i gcásanna calaoisc.
46.—Ní bheidh feidhm ag aon tréimhse thórann a socraítear leis an Acht seo maidir le caingean i gcoinne ionadaí phearsanta, ná aon duine a bheas ag éileamh tríd, i gcás an t-éileamh a bheith bunaithe ar aon chalaois a raibh an t-ionadaí pearsanta páirteach nó inpháirteach ann.
CUID III.
Fadú na dTréimhsí Tórann i gCás Míchumais, Admhála, Páirt-íocaíochta, Calaoise agus Dearmaid.
Caibidil I.
Léiriú.
Léiriú (Cuid III).
47.—Sa Chuid seo den Acht seo—
(a) folaíonn “fiach” aon leacht éileamh airgid;
ciallaíonn “fiach faoi urchosc reachta” fiach a bhfuil an tréimhse caite a socraítear leis an Acht seo chun caingean a thionscnamh lena ghnóthú;
ciallaíonn “comharba”—
(i) maidir le morgáistí—a ionadaithe pearsanta agus aon duine eile chun a gcineachfaidh cearta faoin morgáiste, pé acu ar bhás é nó ar fhéimheacht nó ar an maoin a dhiúscairt nó ar eastát nó leas tóranta i maoin shocraithe d'fhorceannadh nó ar shlí eile,
(ii) maidir le duine faoi dhliteanas i leith féich—a ionadaithe pearsanta agus aon duine eile chun a gcineachfaidh an dliteanas maidir leis an bhfiach, pé acu ar bhás é nó ar fhéimheacht nó ar an maoin a dhiúscairt nó ar eastát nó leas tóranta i maoin shocraithe d'fhorceannadh nó ar shlí eile;
(b) folóidh tagairtí do cheart caingin tagairtí—
(i) do chúis chaingin,
(ii) do cheart chun airgead d'fháil a hurraíodh trí mhorgáiste nó trí mhuirear ar aon mhaoin nó chun fáltais ó dhíol talún a ghnóthú,
(iii) do cheart chun scair nó leas in eastát pearsanta dhuine éagtha d'fháil;
(c) déanfar tagairtí do dháta faibhrithe cirt chaingin—
(i) i gcás caingean i leith cuntais—d'fhorléiriú mar thagairtí don dáta a tharla an t-ábhar ar ina leith a beifear ag éileamh cuntais,
(ii) i gcás caingean iar bhreithiúnas—d'fhorléiriú mar thagairtí don dáta a tháinig an breithiúnas chun bheith infheidhmithe,
(iii) i gcás caingean iar mhorgáiste breithiúnais— d'fhorléiriú mar thagairtí don dáta a tháinig an breithiúnas chun bheith infheidhmithe, agus ní don dáta a cláraíodh é mar mhorgáiste,
(iv) i gcás caingean chun riaráistí cíos-mhuirir, cíosa choinbhinsiúin, duair nó úis nó damáistí ina leith sin a ghnóthú—d'fhorléiriú mar thagairtí don dáta a tháinig na riaráistí chun bheith dlite;
(d) déanfar tagairtí do dhuine i seilbh talún—
(i) i gcás cíos-mhuirir, d'fhorléiriú mar thagairtí a fholaíos tagairtí do dhuine atá i seilbh na talún faoin muirear, ach nach n-íocann an cíos-mhuirear, agus
(ii) i gcás talamh (lena n-áirítear cíos-mhuirear) atá ar teachtadh faoi léas i scríbhinn a fhorcoimeádas cíos coinbhinsiúin bliantúil nach lú ná fiche scilling, d'fhorléiriú mar thagairtí a fholaíos tagairtí do dhuine adeir go héagórach go bhfuil teideal aige chun na talún i bhfrithdhílse agus sin ar feitheamh díreach ar an léas d'fhorceannadh agus a gheibh an cíos conbhinsiúin;
(e) déanfar tagairtí d'fhiach—
(i) i gcás cíos-mhuirir nó cíosa choinbhinsiúin, d'fhorléiriú mar thagairtí do ghála den chíosmhuirear nó den chíos coinbhinsiúin,
(ii) i gcás úis, d'fhorléiriú mar thagairtí do thráthchuid den ús;
(f) folóidh tagairtí do mhorgáistí atá, de bhuaidh an mhorgáiste, i seilbh aon talún morgáistithe, tagairtí do mhorgáistí a fuair seilbh ar an talamh morgáistithe do bhuaidh orduithe Chúirte.
Caibidil II.
Míchumas.
Duine faoi mhíchumas.
48.—(1) Chun críocha an Achta seo, beidh duine faoi mhíchumas an fhad—
(a) is naíon é, nó
(b) is duine mímheabhrach é, nó
(c) is pianseirbhí é faoi réir oibriú an Forfeiture Act, 1870, agus nár ceapadh aon riarthóir ná cúramaí ina chás faoin Acht sin.
(2) Chun críocha fo-ailt (1) den alt seo ach gan dochar dá ghinearáltacht, is toimhde dochloíte gur duine mímheabhrach duine atá á choinneáil de bhun aon achtacháin á údaraíos daoine mímheabhracha nó geilt choiriúla a choinneáil.
An tréimhse thórann d'fhadú i gcás míchumais.
49.—(1) (a) Más rud é, ar an dáta d'fhaibhrigh aon cheart caingin dá socraítear tréimhse thórann leis an Acht seo, go raibh an duine chun ar fhaibhrigh sé faoi mhíchumas, féadfar, faoi réir na bhforál ina dhiaidh seo den alt seo, an caingean a thionscnamh tráth ar bith sara mbeidh sé bliana caite ón dáta a scoir an duine de bheith faoi mhíchumas nó d'éag sé, pé acu is túisce a tharla, d'ainneoin an tréimhse thórann a bheith caite.
(b) Ní bhainfidh mír (a) den fho-alt seo le haon chás inar chun duine éigin (nár dhuine faoi mhíchumas) trína mbeidh an duine faoi mhíchumas ag éileamh d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin ar dtús.
(c) Más rud é, maidir le ceart caingin a bheas tar éis faibhriú chun dhuine faoi mhíchumas, go bhfaibhreoidh an ceart caingin sin, ar éag don duine sin agus é fós faoi mhíchumas, chun dhuine eile faoi mhíchumas, ní ceadófar aon fhadú eile ama de dhroim míchumais an dara duine.
(d) Ní dhéanfaidh duine ar bith aon chaingean acu seo a leanas—
(i) caingean chun talamh d'aisghabháil nó airgead a muirearaíodh ar thalamh a ghnóthú,
(ii) caingean ag eireadóir á éileamh go ndíolfar talamh,
(iii) caingean i leith cirt de chineál liain ar luach airgid i dtalamh nó i leith talún ar feadh tréimhse tóranta nach sia ná saol, mar shampla, ceart cothabhála nó ceart cónaithe, nach ceart cónaithe eisiach i gcuid nó ar chuid shonraithe den talamh,
a thionscnamh de bhuaidh míre (a) den fho-alt seo tar éis tríocha bliain a bheith caite ón dáta d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chun an duine sin nó chun duine éigin trína mbeidh sé ag éileamh.
(e) Ní bhainfidh an t-alt seo le caingean chun pionós nó forghéilleadh, nó suim i modh pionóis nó forghéilleadh, is inghnóthuithe de bhuaidh aon achtacháin, a ghnóthú ach amháin nuair is é an páirtí eagóraithe a thionscnós an caingean.
(2) (a) I gcás caingin ag lorg damáistí mar gheall ar fhaillí, núis nó sárú dualgais (pé acu is dualgas é de bhuaidh conartha nó de bhuaidh forála arna déanamh le reacht, nó faoi reacht, nó ar leithligh ó aon chonradh nó aon fhoráil den tsórt sin) i gcás inarb é a bheas sna damáistí, nó ina bhfolóidh na damáistí, a bheas á n-éileamh ag an ngearánaí mar gheall ar an bhfaillí, an núis nó an sárú dualgais, damáistí i leith díobhála pearsanta d'aon duine—
(i) beidh éifeacht ag fo-alt (1) den alt seo amhail is dá gcuirtí na focail “trí bliana” in ionad na bhfocal “sé bliana”, agus
(ii) ní bheidh feidhm ag an alt seo mura gcruthaí an gearánaí nach raibh an duine faoin míchumas i gcoimeád tuiste nuair d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin chuige.
(b) Chun críocha míre (a) den fho-alt seo, ciallaíonn “tuiste”, maidir le duine faoi mhíchumas, a athair, a mháthair, a sheanathair, a sheanmháthair, a leasathair nó a leasmháthair, fiú más gaol neamhdhlisteanach nó gaol de dhroim uchtála faoin Acht Uchtála, 1952 (Uimh. 25 de 1952), an gaol.
(3) I gcás caingean i leith damáistí mar gheall ar bhéadchaint, beidh éifeacht ag fo-alt (1) den alt seo amhail is dá gcuirtí na focail “trí bliana” in ionad na bhfocal “sé bliana”.
(4) I gcás—
(a) caingean chun suim a ghnóthú is inghnóthuithe ag tortóir faoi alt 4 nó 5 d'Acht na dTortóirí, 1951 (Uimh. 1 de 1951), nó
(b) caingean chun pionós nó forghéilleadh, nó suim i modh pionóis nó forghéilleadh, a ghnóthú is inghnóthuithe de bhuaidh aon achtacháin agus gurb é an pairtí éagóraithe a thionscnós an caingean,
beidh “éifeacht ag fo-alt (1) den alt seo amhail is dá gcuirtí na focail dhá bhliain” in ionad na bhfocal “sé bliana”.
Caibidil III.
Admháil.
An bhrí atá le “admháil.”
50.—Sa Chaibidil seo, ciallaíonn “admháil” admháil faoi alt 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 nó 57 den Acht seo arna déanamh do réir ailt 58 den Acht seo.
Athfhaibhriú cirt chaingin ar admháil (caingean chun talamh d'aisghabháil).
51.—(1) I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh aon cheart caingin chun talamh d'aisghabháil tar éis faibhriú chun aon duine (seachas morgáistí) agus
(b) go n-admhóidh an duine i seilbh na talún teideal an duine chun a mbeidh an ceart caingin tar éis faibhriú,
measfar gur ar dháta na hadmhála agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
(2) Beidh feidhm ag fo-alt (1) den alt seo maidir le ceart caingin atá tar éis faibhriú chun duine agus teideal aige chun eastáit nó leasa a ghlacfas éifeacht ar eastát shainoidhrithe d'fhorceannadh agus an t-am ag rith air faoi alt 19 den Acht seo, agus ar an admháil a bheith déanta scoirfidh an t-alt sín d'fheidhm a bheith aige maidir leis an talamh.
Athfhaibhriú cirt chaingin ar admháil (caingean ag morgáistí chun talamh d'aisghabháil).
52.—I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh ceart morgáistí thalún chun caingean a thionscnamh chun an talamh d'aisghabháil tar éis faibhriú, agus
(b) (i) go n-admhóidh an duine i seilbh na talún teideal an mhorgáistí chun na talún, nó
(ii) go n-admhóidh an duine i seilbh na talún, nó an duine faoi dhliteanas an fhéich mhorgáiste, an fiach,
measfar gur ar dháta na hadmhála agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
Athfhaibhriú cirt chaingin ar admháil (caingean ag eireadóir á éiléamh go ndíolfar talamh).
53.—I gcás
(a) ina mbeidh ceart eireadóra thalún chun caingean a thionscnamh á éileamh go ndíolfar an talamh tar éis faibhriú, agus
(b) go n-admhóidh an duine i seilbh na talún, nó an duine faoi dhliteanas an fhéich a hurraíodh leis an eire, an fiach.
measfar gur ar dháta na hadmhála agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
Eifeacht admhála ar cheart caingin chun talamh morgáistithe i seilbh an mhorgáistí d'fhuascailt.
54.—I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh seilbh ag morgáistí, de bhuaidh an mhorgáiste, ar aon talamh morgáistithe, agus
(b) go n-admhóidh an morgáistí teideal an mhorgáisteora nó a chothromas fuascailte,
féadfar caingean chun an talamh i seilbh an mhorgáistí d'fhuascailt a thionscnamh tráth ar bith sara mbeidh dhá bhliain déag caite ó dháta na hadmhála.
Athfhaibhriú cirt chaingin ar admháil (caingean i leith cirt phearsanta i dtalamh nó i leith talún, mar shampla, ceart cothabhála, etc.).
55.—I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh ceart caingin tar éis faibhriú maidir le ceart de chineál liain ar luach airgid i dtalamh nó i leith talún ar feadh tréimhse tóranta, nach sia ná saol, mar shampla, ceart cothabhála nó ceart cónaithe, nach ceart cónaithe eisiach i gcuid nó ar chuid shonraithe den talamh, agus
(b) go n-admhóidh an duine i seilbh na talún an ceart a luaitear sa dara háit anseo roimhe seo,
measfar gur ar dháta na hadmhála agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
Athfhaibhriú cirt chaingin ar admháil (caingean chun fiach a ghnóthú).
56.—(1) I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh aon cheart caingin chun aon fhiach a ghnóthú tar éis faibhriú, agus
(b) go n-admhóidh an duine faoi dhliteanas ina leith an fiach,
measfar gur ar dháta na hadmhála agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
(2) I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh ceart caingin mhorgáistí thalún chun an fiach morgáiste a ghnóthú tar éis faibhriú, agus
(b) go n-admhóidh an duine i seilbh na talún teideal an mhorgáisteora chun na talún,
measfar gur ar dháta na hadmhála agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
Athfhaibhriú cirt chaingin ar admháil (caingean ag éileamh éastáit phearsanta dhuine éagtha).
57.—I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh aon cheart caingin tar éis faibhriú chun aon éileamh ar eastát pearsanta dhuine éagtha nó aon scair nó leas ann a ghnóthú, agus
(b) go n-admhóidh an duine a dhlíos cuntas a thabhairt ann an t-éileamh,
measfar gur ar dháta na hadmhála agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
Forála foirmiúla maidir le hadmháil.
58.—(1) Is i scríbhinn a bheas gach admháil agus ní foláir í a bheith sínithe ag an duine a dhéanfas an admháil.
(2) Aon admháil faoi alt 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 nó 57 den Acht seo—
(a) féadfar í a thabhairt ag gníomhaire an duine ar a bhfuil de cheangal í a thabhairt faoi pé ceann de na hailt sin is infheidhme, agus
(b) bhéarfar í don duine nó do ghníomhaire an duine a bhfuil a theideal, a cheart, a chothromas fuascailte nó a éileamh (pé acu é) á admháil.
Eifeacht admhála ar dhaoine seachas an t-admháltóir nó an fáltóir.
59.—(1) Beidh admháil teidil chun aon talún ó aon duine i seilbh na talún sin ina ceangal ar gach duine eile i seilbh na talún sin i rith na tréimhse tórann ina dhiaidh sin.
(2) I gcás—
(a) dhá mhorgáistí talún nó níos mó a bheith i seilbh na talún de bhuaidh an mhorgáiste, agus
(b) gan ach morgáistí amháin (dá ngairmtear an t-admháltóir sa bhfo-alt seo) do thabhairt admhála ar theideal an mhorgáisteora nó ar a chothramas fuascailte,
beidh éifeacht ag na forála seo a leanas—
(i) ní bheidh an admháil ina ceangal ach ar an admháltóir agus a chomharbaí agus ní bheidh ina ceangal ar aon mhorgáistí eile ná a chomharbaí sin;
(ii) má bhíonn teideal ag an admháltóir chun cuid den talamh morgáistithe agus gan teideal aige chun aon choda fionnta den fhiach morgáiste, beidh teideal ag an morgáisteoir an chuid sin den talamh d'fhuascailt ar é d'íoc na coda den fhiach morgáiste, maraon le hús, a mbeidh an cothrom céanna idir í agus an fiach iomlán a bheas idir luach na coda sin den talamh agus luach na talún morgáistithe go léir.
(3) I gcás dhá mhorgáisteoir talún nó níos mó a bheith ann agus teideal nó ceart fuascailte morgáisteora amháin díobh a bheith admhaithe, measfar an admháil a bheith tugtha do na morgáisteoirí go léir.
(4) (a) Beidh admháil féich ina ceangal ar an admháltóir agus a chomharbaí, ach ní beidh ar aon duine eile.
(b) Ní bheidh admháil féich faoi urchosc reachta ina ceangal ar aon chomharba de chuid an admháltóra chun a gcineachfaidh an dliteanas ar fhorceannadh eastáit nó leasa roimhe sin i maoin faoi shocraíocht a ghlacfas éifeacht roimh dháta na hadmhála.
(5) In aon chás ina n-admhóidh ionadaí amháin d'ionadaithe pearsanta iomaí aon éileamh ar eastát pearsanta dhuine éagtha nó ar aon scair nó leas ann beidh an admháil sin ina ceangal ar eastát an duine éagtha.
Admháil a bheith saor ó dhleacht stampa.
60.—Ní measfar gur comhaontú do réir bhrí an Stamp Act, 1891, aon admháil.
Caibidil IV.
Páirt-íocaíocht.
An bhrí atá le “íocaíocht”.
61.—Sa Chaibidil seo, ciallaíonn “íocaíocht” íocaíocht arna déanamh, faoi alt 62, 63, 64, 65 nó 66 den Acht seo, do réir ailt 67 den Acht seo.
Athfhaibhriú cirt chaingin ar íocaíocht (caingean ag morgáistí chun talamh d'aisghabháil).
62.—I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh ceart morgáistí thalún chun caingean a thionscnamh chun an talamh d'aisghabháil tar éis faibhriú, agus
(b) go ndéanfaidh an duine i seilbh na talún, nó an duine faoi dhliteanas an fiach morgáiste d'íoc, aon íocaíocht ina leith, pé acu íocaíocht phríomhshuime nó íocaíocht úis í,
measfar gur an dháta na híocaíochta agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
Athfhaibhriú cirt chaingin ar íocaíocht (caingean ag eireadóir á éileamh go ndíolfar talamh).
63.—I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh ceart eireadóra thalún chun caingean a thionscnamh á éileamh go ndíolfar talamh tar éis faibhriú, agus
(b) go ndéanfaidh an duine i seilbh na talún, nó an duine faoi dhliteanas an fhéich a hurraíodh leis an eire, aon íocaíocht ina leith, pé acu íocaíocht phríomhshuime nó íocaíocht úis í,
measfar gur ar dháta na híocaíochta agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
Eifeacht íocaíochta ar cheart caingin chun talamh morgáistithe i seilbh mhorgáistí d'fhuascailt.
64.—I gcás—
(a) morgáistí a bheith i seilbh aon talún morgáistithe de bhuaidh an mhorgáiste, agus
(b) an morgáistí d'fháil aon íocaíochta ón morgáisteoir i leith príomhshuime nó úis an fhéich mhorgáiste,
féadfar caingean chun an talamh i seilbh an mhorgáistí d'aisghabháil a thionscnamh tráth ar bith sara mbeidh dhá bhliain déag caite ó dháta na híocaíochta.
Athfhaibhriú cirt chaingin ar íocaíocht (caingean chun fiach a ghnóthú).
65.—(1) I gcás—
(a) aon cheart caingin chun aon fhiach a ghnóthú a bheith tar éis faibhriú, agus
(b) an duine faoi dhliteanas ina leith do dhéanamh aon íocaíochta ina leith,
measfar gur ar dháta na híocaíochta agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
(2) Chun críocha na Caibidle seo, déanfar íocaíocht úis go hiomlán nó go páirteach d'áireamh mar íocaíocht i leith an phríomhfhéich.
Athfhaibhriú cirt chaingin ar íocaíocht (caingean ag éileamh eastáit phearsanta dhuine éagtha).
66.—I gcás—
(a) ina mbeidh aon cheart caingin tar éis faibhriú chun aon éileamh ar eastát pearsanta dhuine éagtha nó aon scair nó leas ann a ghnóthú, agus
(b) go ndéanfaidh an duine a dhlíos cuntas a thabhairt ann aon íocaíocht ina leith,
measfar gur ar dháta na híocaíochta agus nach roimhe sin d'fhaibhrigh an ceart caingin.
Forála foirmiúla maidir le híocaíocht.
67.—Aon íocaíocht faoi alt 62, 63, 64, 65 nó 66 den Acht seo—
(a) féadfar í a dhéanamh ag an duine ar a mbeidh de cheangal í a dhéanamh faoi pé ceann de na hailt sin is infheidhme, agus
(b) déanfar í leis an duine, nó le gníomhaire an duine, ar i leith a éilimh a beifear ag déanamh na híocaíochta.
Eifeacht íocaíochta ar dhaoine seachas an t-íocóir nó an fáltóir.
68.—(1) Beidh íocaíocht i leith féich mhorgáiste ón morgáisteoir, nó ó aon duine i seilbh na maoine morgáistithe, ina ceangal, chomh fada agus bhaineas le haon cheart de chuid an mhorgáistí chun an mhaoin d'aisghabháil, ar na daoine uile a bheas i seilbh na maoine morgáistithe i rith na tréimhse tórann ina dhiaidh sin.
(2) I gcás—
(a) dhá mhorgáistí talún nó níos mó a bheith i seilbh na talún de abhudih an mhorgáiste, agus
(b) gan ach morgáistí amháin díobh (dá ngairmtear an fáltóir sa bhfo-alt seo) d'fháil aon íocaíochta i leith príomhshuime nó úis an fhéich mhorgáiste,
beidh éifeacht ag na forála seo a leanas:—
(i) ní bheidh an íocaíocht ina ceangal ach amháin ar an bhfáltóir agus a chomharbaí agus ní bheidh sí ina ceangal ar aon mhorgáistí eile ná a chomharbaí sin;
(ii) má bhíonn teideal ag an bhfáltóir chun coda den talamh morgáistithe agus gan teideal aige chun aon choda fionnta den fhiach morgáiste, beidh teideal ag an morgáisteoir an chuid sin den talamh d'fhuascailt ar é d'íoc na coda den fhiach morgáiste, maraon le hús, a raibh idir í agus an fiach iomlán, díreach sara bhfuair an fáltóir an íocaíocht dá dtagartar i mír (b) den fho-alt seo, an cothrom céanna a bhí idir luach na coda sin den talamh agus luach iomlán na talún, lúide méid na híocaíochta.
(3) I gcás ina mbeidh dhá mhorgáisteoir talún nó níos mó ann agus go n-íocfaidh morgáisteoir díobh leis an morgáistí, agus é i seilbh na talún, aon tsuim i leith príomhshuime nó úis an fhéich mhorgáiste, measfar an íocaíocht a bheith arna déanamh ag na morgáisteoirí uile.
(4) (a) Faoi réir míre (b) den fho-alt seo, beidh íocaíocht a déanfar i leith aon fhéich ina ceangal ar gach duine a bhí faoi dhliteanas ina leith.
(b) Ní bheidh íocaíocht i leith féich faoi urchosc reachta ina ceangal—
(i) ar aon duine seachas an duine a dhéanfas an íocaíocht agus a chomharbaí, ná
(ii) ar aon chomharba chun a gcineachfaidh an dliteanas ar fhorceannadh eastáit nó leasa roimhe sin i maoin faoi shocraíocht a ghlacfas éifeacht roimh dháta na híocaíochta.
(5) In aon chás ina ndéanfaidh ionadaí pearsanta amháin d'ionadaithe pearsanta iomaí íocaíocht i leith aon éilimh ar eastát pearsanta dhuine éagtha, beidh an íocaíocht sin ina ceangal ar eastát an duine éagtha.
Leithreasú íocaíochta i leith fiach.
69.—(1) Más rud é—
(a) go mbeidh uimhir fiach ann, agus
(b) go ndéanfaidh an duine faoi dhliteanas ina leith (dá ngairmtear an féichiúnaí san alt seo) aon íocaíocht, pé acu ar cuntas é nó go ginearálta, leis an duine ag a bhfuil sé faoi dhliteanas (dá ngairmtear an creidiúnaí san alt seo), agus
(c) nach ndéanfaidh an féichiúnaí ná an creidiúnaí an tsuim a híocadh a leithreasú chun aon fhéich nó fiach áirithe,
beidh éifeacht ag na forála seo a leanas:—
(i) más fiacha nach bhfuil faoi urchosc reachta cuid de na fiacha nó iad go léir, ansin, chun críocha na Caibidle seo, measfar, mura dtugann na himthosca faoina ndearnadh í a mhalairt le fios, an íocaíocht a bheith arna leithreasú pari passu i leith gach ceann de na fiacha nach fiacha faoi urchosc reachta;
(ii) más fiacha faoi urchosc reachta na fiacha go léir, ansin, chun críocha na Caibidle seo, measfar, mura dtuga na himthosca faoina ndearnadh í a mhalairt le fios, an íocaíocht a bheith arna leithreasú pari passu i leith gach ceann de na fiacha.
(2) Ní oibreoidh aon ní i bhfo-alt (1) den alt seo, i gcás nach ndéanfaidh an féichiúnaí leithreasú, chun an creidiúnaí a chosc ó íocaíocht a rinneadh ar cuntas nó go ginearálta a leithreasú chun féich nó fiach áirithe nó chun na bhfiach uile (pé acu is fiacha urchosc reachta iad nó nach ea), ach ní oibreoidh an leithreasú sin, de bhrí amháin gurb é an creidiúnaí a rinne é, le híocaíocht chun críocha na Caibidle seo, i leith an fhéich nó na bhfiach sin, a dhéanamh den íocaíocht, mura dtuga na himthosca ina ndearna an féichiúnaí an íocaíocht é sin le fios.
(3) Má tharlaíonn, faoi alt 16 den Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1896, go n-íocfaidh tionónta a mbeifear tar éis eisiachtaint a thionscnamh ina choinne cíos dhá bhliain, ansin, chun críocha na Caibidle seo, measfar, mura dtuga na himthosca faoina ndearnadh an íocaíocht a mhalairt le fios, gur íocaíocht í i leith na riaráistí go léir nach fiacha faoi urchosc reachta ar dháta na n-imeacht san eisiachtaint a thionscnamh.
Gan formhuiniú íocaíochta ag creidiúnaí a bheith ina fhianaise ar íocaíocht.
70.—Ní measfar aon fhormhuiniú nó meabhrán i dtaobh aon íocaíochta, a scríobh an páirtí lena ndearnadh an íocaíocht sin nó a scríobhadh thar a cheann ar aon bhille malairte nó nóta geallúna, a bheith ina fhianaise ar an íocaíocht sin chun críocha na Caibidle seo.
Caibidil V.
Calaois agus dearmad.
An tréimhse thórann a chur siar i gcás calaoise.
71.—(1) Más rud é, i gcás caingin dá socaírtear tréimhse thórann leis an Acht seo—
(a) go mbeidh an caingean bunaithe ar chalaois an chosantóra nó a ghníomhaire nó ar chalaois aon duine trína mbeidh sé ag éileamh nó ar chalaois ghníomhaire an duine sin, nó
(b) go gceilfear an ceart caingin trí chalaois aon duine den tsórt sin,
ní thosnóidh an tréimhse thórann ar rith go dtí go bhfionna an gearánaí an chalaois nó go dtí go bhféadfadh sé ó dhúthracht réasúnach í d'fhionnadh.
(2) Ní chumasóidh aon ní i bhfo-alt (1) den alt seo caingean a thionscnamh chun aon mhaoin d'aisghabháil a ceannaíodh ar chomaoin luachmhar ag duine nár pháirtí sa chalaois agus nárbh eol dó, nó nach raibh réasún aige a chreidiúint, nuair a rinneadh an ceannach, go ndearnadh aon chalaois, nó aon mhuirear a chur i bhfeidhm i gcoinne na maoine sin nó aon idirbheart a bhaineas léi a chur ar ceal.
An tréimhsc thórann a chur siar i gcás dearmaid.
72.—(1) Más rud é, i gcás aon chaingin dá socraítear tréimhse thórann leis an Acht seo, gur caingean é d'iarraidh faoisimh ó iarmairt dearmaid, ní thosnóidh an tréimhse thórann ar rith go dtí go bhfionna an gearánaí an dearmad nó go dtí go bhféadfadh sé é ó dhúthracht réasúnach é d'fhionnadh.
(2) Ní chumasóidh aon ní i bhfo-alt (1) den alt seo caingean a thionscnamh chun aon mhaoin d'aisghabháil a ceannaíodh ar chomaoin luachmhar, tar éis an idirbhirt ina ndearnadh an dearmad, ag duine nárbh eol dó nó nach raibh réasún aige a chreidiúint go ndearnadh an dearmad, nó aon mhuirear a chur i bhfeidhm i gcoinne na maoine sin nó aon idirbheart a bhaineas léi a chur ar ceal.
CUID IV.
Feidhm an Achta seo, agus Achtachán Eile i dTaobh Tréimhsí Tórann, Maidir le hEadrána.
Léiriú (Cuid IV).
73.—Sa Chuid seo den Acht seo—
ciallaíonn “an Chúirt” an Ard-Chúirt.
Tosach eadrána.
74.—(1) Chun críocha an Achta seo agus aon achtacháin eile i dtaobh tréimhsí tórann, measfar eadráin do thosnú nuair a dhéanas páirtí amháin sa chomhaontú eadrána fógra a scríbhinn a sheirbheáil ar an bpáirtí nó ar na páirtithe eile á cheangal air nó orthu eadránaí a cheapadh nó comhthoiliú lena cheapadh nó, i gcás dá bhforálann an comhaontú eadrána gur chun eadrána ag duine a hainmnítear nó a sonraítear sa chomhaontú a cuirfear an díospóid, á cheangal air nó orthu an díospóid a chur chun eadrána ag duine a hainmnítear nó a sonraítear amhlaidh.
(2) (a) Féadfar fógra faoi fho-alt (1) den alt seo a sheirbheáil—
(i) trína sheachadadh don duine ar a bhfuil sé le seirbheáil,
(ii) trína fhágáil san áit sa Stát ina bhfuil gnáthchónaí ar an duine sin nó gnó á sheoladh aige,
(iii) trína chur leis an bpost cláraithe i gclúdach faoi sheoladh an duine sin chun na háite sa Stát ina bhfuil gnáthchónaí air nó gnó á sheoladh aige,
(iv) ar aon tslí eile dá bhforáltar sa chomhaontú eadrána.
(b) Chun críocha an fho-ailt seo, measfar gnó a bheith á sheoladh ag cuideachta atá cláraithe faoi na hAchta Cuideachtan, 1908 go 1924, ina hoifig chláraithe sa Stát agus measfar gnó a bheith á sheoladh ag gach comhlacht corpraithe eile agus ag gach comhlacht neamhchorpraithe ina phríomhoifig nó ina phríomháit ghnótha sa Stát.
Feidhm an Achta seo, agus achtachán eile i dtaobh tréimhsí tórann, maidir le headrána.
75.—Bainfidh an tAcht seo, agus aon achtacháin eile i dtaobh tréimhse tórann, le headrána mar bhainid le caingin sa Chúirt.
Faibhriú cúise caingin i gcás nach mór dámhachtain faoi chomhaontú sara dtionscnófar an caingean.
76.—D'ainneoin aon téarma i gcomhaontú eadrána darb éifeacht nach bhfaibhreoidh aon chúis chaingin maidir le haon ní is gá do réir an chomhaontuithe a chur chun eadrána go dtí go ndéanfar dámhachtain faoin gcomhaontú, measfar, chun críocha an Achta seo agus aon achtacháin eile i dtaobh tréimhsí tórann (pé acu ina bhfeidhm maidir le headrána nó le himeachta eile é), cúis chaingin d'fhaibhriú maidir le haon ní den tsórt sin an tráth d'fhaibhreodh sí mura mbeadh an téarma sin sa chomhaontú.
Cumhacht na Cúirte chun tréimhse d'fhadú má chuireann sí dámhachtain ar ceal nó má ordaíonn sí go scoirfidh eadráin d'éifeacht a bheith aici.
77.—Má ordaíonn an Chúirt dámhachtain a chur ar ceal nó má ordaíonn sí, tar éis eadráin a thosnú, go scoirfidh an eadráin d'éifeacht a bheith aici maidir leis an díospóid a cuireadh chun cadrána, féadfaidh an Chúirt a ordú ina theannta sin go bhfágfar an tréimhse idir tosnú na headrána agus dáta an orduithe ón gCúirt gan áireamh nuair a beifear ag ríomh na tréimhse a socraítear leis an Acht seo, nó le haon achtachán eile i dtaobh tréimhsí tórann chun na himeachta (ar a n-áirítear eadráin) maidir leis an díospóid a cuireadh chun eadrána a thionscnamh.
Feidhm Choda IV maidir le headrána faoi Achta eile.
78.—Bainfidh an Chuid seo den Acht seo le headráin faoi Acht i dteannta eadrána de bhun comhaontuithe eadrána, agus beidh éifeacht ag alt 74 den Acht seo, maidir le headráin faoi Acht, amhail is dá gcuirtí, in ionad na dtagairtí don chomhaontú eadrána, tagairtí do pé cinn d'fhorála an Achta, nó aon orduithe, scéime, rialacha, rialachán nó fo-dhlithe faoin Acht, a bhaineas leis an eadráin.
Cosaint d'achtacháin eile a bhaineas le tréimhsí tórann i gcásanna eadrána.
79.—Ní bhainfidh an tAcht seo—
(a) le haon eadráin dá bhfuil tréimhse thórann socair le haon achtachán eile, ná
(b) le haon eadráin ina bhfuil údarás Stáit ina pháirtí agus a mbeadh, dá mba dhuine príobháideach an t-údarás Stáit sin, tréimhse thórann socair dó le haon achtachán eile.
Eadrána ar feitheamh ar an dáta feidhme.
80.—Ní dhéanfaidh aon ní san Acht seo difir d'eadráin a tosnaíodh roimh an dáta feidhme ná don teideal chun aon mhaoine is ábhar d'aon eadráin den tsórt sin.
AN SCEIDEAL.
Achtacháin a hAthghairmtear.
Cuid I.
Achta ó Pharlaimint na hÉireann.
Siosón agus Caibidil. | Teideal. | Méid na hAthghairme. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
6 Ann. c. 10 (Ir.). | An Act for the amendment of the law and the better advancement of justice. (1707). | Alt 17, sa mhéid nach bhfuil sé athghairmthe. |
8 Geo. 1, c. 4 (Ir.). | An Act for the more effectual quieting of possessions, and preventing vexatious suits at law. (1721). | An tAcht iomlán, sa mhéid nach bhfuil sé athghairmthe. |
Cuid II.
Achta ó Pharlaiment Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus na hÉireann a bhí ann roimhe seo.
Siosón agus Caibidil. | Gearrtheideal nó (mura bhfuil sin air) Teideal. | Méid na hAthghairme. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
48 Geo. 3. c. 47. | The Crown Claims Limitation (Ireland) Act, 1808. | An tAcht iomlán. |
9 Geo. 4. c. 14. | The Statute of Frauds Amendment Act, 1828. | Ailt 1, 3, 4, sa mhéid nach bhfuilid athghairmthe, agus alt 8. |
3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 27. | The Real Property Limitation Act, 1833. | An tAcht iomlán, sa mhéid nach bhfuil sé athghairmthe. |
7 Will. 4 & 1 Vic. c. 28. | The Real Property Limitation Act, 1837. | An tAcht iomlán. |
3 & 4 Vic. c. 105. | The Debtors (Ireland) Act, 1840. | Ailt 32 go 36, sa mhéid nach bhfuilid athghairmthe. |
5 & 6 Vic. c. 97. | The Limitation of Actions and Costs Act, 1842. | Alt 5. |
6 & 7 Vic. c. 54. | The Limitation of Actions Act, 1843. | An tAcht iomlán, sa mhéid nach bhfuil sé athghairmthe. |
7 & 8 Vic. c. 27. | Acht a dtosnaíonn a theideal leis na focail—” An Act to explain and amend an Act of the last Session of Parliament intituled an Act for extending to Ireland” agus a chríochnaíos leis na focail— “and to explain and amend the said Act”. (1844). | An tAcht iomlán, sa mhéid nach bhfuil sé athghairmthe. |
14 & 15 Vic. c. 93. | The Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act, 1851. | Mír 4 d'alt 10, ach amháin sa mhéid go mbaineann sé le himeachta achomaire de chineál choiriúil sa Chúirt Dúiche. |
16 & 17 Vic. c. 113. | The Common Law Procedure Amendment Act (Ireland), 1853. | Ailt 20 go 27. |
19 & 20 Vic. c. 97. | The Mercantile Law Amendment Act, 1856. | Ailt 9 go 14. |
22 Vic. c. 14. | The Manor Courts Abolition (Ireland) Act, 1859. | An tAcht iomlán. |
23 & 24 Vic. c. 38. | The Law of Property Amendment Act, 1860. | Alt 13. |
33 & 34 Vic. c. 46. | The Landlord and Tenant (Ireland), Act, 1870. | In alt 50, na focail “No arrears of any annuity charged on land in pursuance of this Act shall be recoverable after the expiration of two years from the date at which the sum in arrear became due;”. |
37 & 38 Vic. c. 57. | The Real Property Limitation Act, 1874. | An tAcht iomlán. |
39 & 40 Vic. c. 37. | The Nullum Tempus (Ireland) Act, 1876. | An tAcht iomlán. |
40 & 41 Vic. c. 57. | The Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland), 1877. | Fo-alt (2) d'alt 28. |
47 & 48 Vic, c. 71. | The Intestates Estates Act, 1884. | In alt 3, na focail “within the same time and”. |
51 & 52 Vic. c. 59. | The Trustee Act, 1888. | An tAcht iomlán, sa mhéid nach bhfuil sé athghairmthe. |
6 Edw. 7 c. 28. | The Crown Lands Act, 1906. | Alt 9. |
Cuid III.
Achta ó Oireachtas Shaorstáit Éireann.
Uimhir agus Bliain. | Gearrtheideal. | Méid na hAthghairme. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
Fo-alt (2) d'alt 38, sa mhéid go bhfuil sé ar neamhréir leis an Acht seo. | ||
I mír (c) d'fho-alt (1) d'alt 19, an focal “agus” i ndeireadh na míre; mír (d) d'fho-alt (1) d'alt 19. |
Cuid IV.
Achta den Oireachtas.
Uimhir agus Bliain. | Gearrtheideal. | Méid na nAthghairme. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
An tAcht Talún, 1939. | Alt 6, sa mhéid go bhfuil sé ar neamhréir leis an Acht seo. | |
Alt 311, sa mhéid go bhfuil sé ar neamhréir leis an Acht seo. | ||
I bhfo-alt (1) d'alt 2, an míniú ar an abairt “reachta na dtréimhsí”; i bhfo-alt (1) d'alt 3 na focail “agus chun críche reacht na dtréimhsí amhail mar bhainid le headrána”; ailt 42 go 44. |
Number 6 of 1957.
STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS, 1957.
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
PRELIMINARY AND GENERAL.
PERIODS OF LIMITATION FOR DIFFERENT CLASSES OF ACTION.
EXTENSION OF LIMITATION PERIODS IN CASE OF DISABILITY, ACKNOWLEDGMENT, PART PAYMENT, FRAUD AND MISTAKE.
Interpretation.
Disability.
Acknowledgment.
Part payment.
Fraud and mistake.
APPLICATION OF THIS ACT AND OTHER LIMITATION ENACTMENTS TO ARBITRATIONS.
Application of Act and other limitation enactments to arbitrations. | |
Saving for other enactments relating to limitation of arbitrations. | |
Enactments repealed
Acts Referred to | |
No. 26 of 1942 | |
No. 26 of 1954 | |
No. 4 of 1946 | |
No. 1 of 1951 | |
No. 29 of 1955 | |
No. 19 of 1927 | |
No. 38 of 1933 | |
No. 14 of 1947 | |
No. 25 of 1952 | |
Number 6 of 1957.
STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS, 1957.
PART I.
Preliminary and General.
Short title and commencement.
1.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Statute of Limitations, 1957.
(2) This Act shall come into operation on the 1st day of January, 1959.
General provisions as to interpretation.
2.—(1) In this Act—
“the Act of 1891” means the Registration of Title Act, 1891;
“action” includes any proceeding (other than a criminal proceeding) in a Court established by law;
“action to recover land” includes—
(a) an action claiming a declaration of title to land,
(b) proceedings by a mortgagee for the delivery of possession of land by a mortgagor,
(c) proceedings under section 13 of the Registration of Title Act, 1942 (No. 26 of 1942), by a person who is registered under the Act of 1891 as the owner of a charge on registered land for possession of the land;
“arbitration”, “arbitration agreement” and “award” have the same meanings as in the Arbitration Act, 1954 (No. 26 of 1954);
“conventional rent” means a rent payable under a lease or other contract of tenancy (whether in writing or not and whether express or implied) and includes the rent payable by a statutory tenant within the meaning of the Rent Restrictions Act, 1946 (No. 4 of 1946), but does not include a fee-farm rent payable under a grant which creates the relationship of landlord and tenant;
“foreshore” means the bed and shore, below the line of high water of ordinary or medium tides, of the sea and of every tidal river and tidal estuary and of every channel, creek, and bay of the sea or of any such river or estuary;
“judgment mortgage” means an affidavit of ownership registered under the Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act, 1850;
“land” includes corporeal hereditaments and rentcharges, and an interest in the proceeds of the sale of land held upon trust for sale, but save as aforesaid does not include any incorporeal hereditament;
“mortgage” includes an equitable mortgage and a judgment mortgage and “mortgagor”, “mortgagee” and cognate words shall be construed accordingly;
“the operative date” means the 1st day of January, 1959;
“other limitation enactment” means any enactment (other than this Act) relating to the limitation of actions;
“personal estate” does not include chattels real;
“personal injuries” includes any disease and any impairment of a person's physical or mental condition;
“personal property” does not include chattels real;
“personal representative” means the executor, original or by representation, or the administrator of a deceased person and includes, in relation to land to which the Land Purchase Acts apply, a person who, under those Acts, is, for the purposes of proceedings under those Acts, appointed to be the administrator of the personal estate of a deceased person or nominated to represent a person dead, absent or under a disability;
“registered land” means land the title to which is registered under the Act of 1891;
“rentcharge” means any annuity or periodic sum of money charged upon or payable out of land, and includes—
(a) any annual or periodic payment to the Irish Land Commission, including an annuity in repayment of an instalment mortgage payable into the Church Temporalities Fund, and
(b) any periodic payment which was immediately before the 6th day of December, 1922, collectable under the Crown Lands Acts, 1829 to 1913, being—
(i) a crown rent, or
(ii) a quit rent, or
(iii) a composition rent, or
(iv) any other rentcharge, and
(c) a fee-farm rent, whether the grant under which it arises does or does not create the relationship of landlord and tenant,
but does not include—
(d) a conventional rent, or
(e) interest on a mortgage or charge on land, or
(f) a terminable annuity payable in respect of a loan under the Housing (Gaeltacht) Acts, 1929 and 1934;
“ship” includes every description of vessel used in navigation not propelled by oars;
“State authority” means any authority being—
(a) a Minister of State, or
(b) the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland, or
(c) the Irish Land Commission, or
(d) the Revenue Commissioners, or
(e) the Attorney General.
“Trustee.”
(2) (a) In this Act, “trustee” does not include—
(i) a person whose fiduciary relationship arises merely by construction or implication of law and whose fiduciary relationship is not deemed by any rule of law to be that of an express trustee, or
(ii) a personal representative in the capacity of personal representative.
(b) Where—
(i) an interest (in this paragraph referred to as the new interest) in land, which is conveyed to or vested in a purchaser under the Land Purchase Acts, is, under any provision of those Acts or otherwise, a graft or deemed to be a graft on any previous interest in that land or any other land, and
(ii) the new interest is subject to any rights or equities arising from its being such a graft,
then, neither the purchaser nor any person claiming through him shall, by reason only of the matters mentioned in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of this paragraph, be, in respect of the new interest, a trustee for the purposes of this Act.
(c) Where—
(i) a person is registered under the Act of 1891 as owner of land, and
(ii) the registration is, in pursuance of subsection (3) of section 29 of the Act of 1891, made subject to the rights or equities referred to in that subsection,
then, neither that person nor any person claiming through him shall, by reason only of the registration, be, in respect of that land, a trustee for the purposes of this Act.
(d) A personal representative in the capacity of personal representative shall not, by reason only of section 1 of the Executors Act, 1830, or section 86 of the Act of 1891, be a trustee for the purposes of this Act.
(3) For the purposes of this Act, a cause of action to recover, in respect of the liability of a tortfeasor to an injured person, an amount recoverable by the tortfeasor under section 4 or 5 of the Tortfeasors Act, 1951 (No. 1 of 1951), shall be deemed to accrue on the date on which judgment was obtained by the injured person against the tortfeasor.
Application of Act to charges for principal sums on registered land.
(4) In the application of this Act to registered land in respect of which a charge for the payment of a principal sum has been created under section 40 of the Act of 1891—
(a) references to a mortgagor shall be construed as references to the registered owner who charged the land,
(b) references to a mortgagee shall be construed as references to the registered owner of the charge,
(c) references to a mortgage shall be construed as references to the instrument of charge,
and cognate words shall be construed accordingly.
Claiming through a person.
(5) (a) For the purposes of this Act—
(i) a person shall be deemed to claim through another person, if he became entitled by, through, under or by the act of that other person to the right claimed;
(ii) a person whose estate or interest might have been barred by a person entitled to an entailed interest in possession shall be deemed to claim through the person so entitled.
(b) A person becoming entitled to any estate or interest by virtue of a special power of appointment shall not, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to claim through the appointor.
Right of action to recover land to include right to enter into possession, distrain, etc.
(6) In this Act—
(a) references to a right of action to recover land shall include references to a right to enter into possession of the land or, in the case of a rentcharge, to distrain for arrears of the rentcharge;
(b) references to the bringing of an action to recover land shall include references to the making of an entry into possession of the land or, in the case of a rentcharge, to making a distress for arrears of the rentcharge.
Possession and dispossession in the case of rentcharges.
(7) In this Act—
(a) references to the possession of land shall, in the case of a rentcharge, be construed as references to the receipt of the rentcharge, and
(b) references to the date of dispossession or discontinuance of possession of land shall, in the case of a rentcharge, be construed as references to the date of the last receipt of the rentcharge.
(8) In this Act, references to any enactment shall be construed as references to that enactment as amended or extended by any subsequent enactment.
Application to the State.
3.—(1) Save as in this Act otherwise expressly provided and without prejudice to section 7 of this Act, this Act shall apply to proceedings by or against a State authority in like manner as if that State authority were a private individual.
(2) This Act shall not apply to—
(a) any proceedings for the recovery of any sum due in respect of a tax or duty which is for the time being under the care and management of the Revenue Commissioners, or interest thereon, or
(b) any proceedings for the recovery of any fine, penalty or forfeiture incurred in connection with any such tax or duty, or
(c) any forfeiture proceedings under the Customs Acts or the Acts which relate to the duties of excise and the management of those duties.
(3) Nothing in this Act shall affect the right of the State to any gold or silver mine.
Non-application to proceedings in respect of the forfeiture of a ship.
4.—This Act shall not apply to any proceedings in respect of the forfeiture of a ship or of an interest in a ship under the Mercantile Marine Act, 1955 (No. 29 of 1955).
Saving for equitable jurisdiction to refuse relief for acquiescence or otherwise.
5.—Nothing in this Act shall affect any equitable jurisdiction to refuse relief on the ground of acquiescence or otherwise.
Provisions as to set-off and counterclaim.
6.—For the purposes of this Act, any claim by way of set-off or counterclaim shall be deemed to be a separate action and to have been commenced on the same date as the action in which the set-off or counterclaim is pleaded.
Saving for other limitation enactments in respect of actions.
7.—This Act shall not apply to—
(a) any action for which a period of limitation is fixed by any other limitation enactment, or
(b) any action to which a State authority is a party and for which, if that State authority were a private individual, a period of limitation would be fixed by any other limitation enactment.
Provisions as to actions barred and pending on the operative date.
8.—Nothing in this Act shall—
(a) enable any action to be brought which was barred before the operative date by any enactment repealed by this Act, except so far as the cause of action or right of action may be revived by an acknowledgment or part payment made in accordance with Part III of this Act, or
(b) affect any action commenced before the operative date or the title to any property which is the subject of any such action.
Repeals.
9.—The enactments mentioned in column (2) of the Schedule to this Act are hereby repealed to the extent mentioned in column (3) of that Schedule.
PART II.
Periods of Limitation for Different Classes of Action.
Part II to be subject to provisions of Part III relating to disability, acknowledgment, part payment, fraud and mistake.
10.—The subsequent provisions of this Part of this Act shall have effect subject to the provisions of Part III of this Act which provide for the extension of the periods of limitation in the case of disability, acknowledgment, part payment, fraud and mistake.
Actions of contract and tort and certain other actions.
Limitation of actions of contract and tort and certain other actions.
11.—(1) The following actions shall not be brought after the expiration of six years from the date on which the cause of action accrued—
(a) actions founded on simple contract;
(b) actions founded on quasi-contract;
(c) actions to enforce a recognizance;
(d) actions to enforce an award, where the arbitration agreement is not under seal or where the arbitration is under any Act other than the Arbitration Act, 1954 (No. 26 of 1954);
(e) actions to recover any sum recoverable by virtue of any enactment, other than—
(i) a penalty or forfeiture or sum by way of penalty or forfeiture, or
(ii) a debt created by subsection (2) of section 14 or section 125 of the Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, or
(iii) an amount recoverable by a tortfeasor under section 4 or 5 of the Tortfeasors Act, 1951 (No. 1 of 1951).
(2) (a) Subject to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this subsection, an action founded on tort shall not be brought after the expiration of six years from the date on which the cause of action accrued.
(b) An action claiming damages for negligence, nuisance or breach of duty (whether the duty exists by virtue of a contract or of a provision made by or under a statute or independently of any contract or any such provision), where the damages claimed by the plaintiff for the negligence, nuisance or breach of duty consist of or include damages in respect of personal injuries to any person, shall not be brought after the expiration of three years from the date on which the cause of action accrued.
(c) An action claiming damages for slander shall not be brought after the expiration of three years from the date on which the cause of action accrued.
(3) An action to recover, in respect of the liability of a tortfeasor to an injured person, an amount recoverable by the tortfeasor under section 4 or 5 of the Tortfeasors Act, 1951 (No. 1 of 1951), shall not be brought after the expiration of two years from the date on which the cause of action accrued.
(4) An action for an account shall not be brought in respect of any matter which arose more than six years before the commencement of the action.
(5) The following actions shall not be brought after the expiration of twelve years from the date on which the cause of action accrued:—
(a) an action upon an instrument under seal, other than an action upon an instrument under seal to recover—
(i) arrears of a rentcharge or of a conventional rent, or
(ii) any principal sum of money secured by a mortgage or other charge, or
(iii) arrears of interest in respect of any sum of money secured by a mortgage or other charge, or
(iv) arrears of an annuity charged on personal property;
(b) an action to enforce an award, where the arbitration agreement is under seal;
(c) an action to recover a debt created by subsection (2) of section 14 or section 125 of the Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908.
(6) (a) An action shall not be brought upon a judgment after the expiration of twelve years from the date on which the judgment became enforceable.
(b) No arrears of interest in respect of any judgment debt shall be recovered after the expiration of six years from the date on which the interest became due.
(7) (a) In this subsection “penalty” does not include a fine to which any person is liable on conviction of a criminal offence.
(b) An action to recover any penalty or forfeiture, or sum by way of penalty or forfeiture, recoverable by virtue of any enactment shall not be brought after the expiration of two years from the date on which the cause of action accrued.
(8) (a) Subsection (1) of this section shall apply to an action to recover seamen's wages.
(b) Save as provided by paragraph (a) of this subsection, this section shall not apply to any cause of action within the Admiralty jurisdiction of the High Court which is enforceable in rem.
(9) (a) This section shall not apply to any claim for specific performance of a contract or for an injunction or for other equitable relief.
(b) Paragraph (a) of this subsection shall not be construed as preventing a Court from applying by analogy any provision of this section in like manner as the corresponding enactment repealed by this Act has heretofore been applied.
Limitation in case of successive conversions, and extinction of title of owner of converted goods.
12.—(1) Where—
(a) any cause of action in respect of the conversion or wrongful detention of a chattel has accrued to any person, and
(b) before he recovers possession of the chattel, a further conversion or wrongful detention takes place,
then, subject to section 26, no action shall be brought in respect of the further conversion or wrongful detention after the expiration of six years from the accrual of the cause of action in respect of the original conversion or wrongful detention.
(2) Where—
(a) any cause of action in respect of the conversion or wrongful detention of a chattel has accrued to any person, and
(b) the period fixed for bringing that action and for bringing any action in respect of such a further conversion or wrongful detention as is mentioned in subsection (1) of this section has expired, and
(c) he has not during that period recovered possession of the chattel,
then, subject to section 26, the title of that person to the chattel shall be extinguished.
Actions to recover land.
Limitation of actions to recover land.
13.—(1) (a) Subject to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this subsection, no action shall be brought by a State authority to recover any land after the expiration of thirty years from the date on which the right of action accrued to a State authority or, if it first accrued to some person through whom a State authority claims, to that person.
(b) An action to recover foreshore may be brought by a State authority at any time before the expiration of sixty years from the date on which the right of action accrued to a State authority.
(c) Where any right of action to recover land, which has ceased to be foreshore but remains in the ownership of the State, accrued when the land was foreshore, the action may be brought at any time before the expiration of sixty years from the date of the accrual of the right of action, or of forty years from the date on which the land ceased to be foreshore, whichever period first expires.
(2) The following provisions shall apply to an action by a person (other than a State authority) to recover land—
(a) subject to paragraph (b) of this subsection, no such action shall be brought after the expiration of twelve years from the date on which the right of action accrued to the person bringing it or, if it first accrued to some person through whom he claims, to that person;
(b) if the right of action first accrued to a State authority, the action may be brought at any time before the expiration of the period during which the action could have been brought by a State authority, or of twelve years from the date on which the right of action accrued to some person other than a State authority, whichever period first expires.
(3) For the purposes of this Act—
(a) where a right of action to recover any land accrued to the Crown before the 6th day of December, 1922, the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued to a State authority on the date on which the right of action first accrued to the Crown;
(b) where a right of action to recover any land accrued to Saorstát Éireann before the 29th day of December, 1937, the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued to a State authority on the date on which the right of action first accrued to Saorstát Éireann;
(c) where a right of action to recover any land accrued to the State before the operative date, the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued to a State authority on the date on which the right of action first accrued to the State.
Accrual of right of action (present interests in land). (i) on dispossession or discontinuance.
14.—(1) Where the person bringing an action to recover land, or some person through whom he claims, has been in possession thereof and has while entitled thereto been dispossessed or discontinued his possession, the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on the date of the dispossession or discontinuance.
(2) Where—
(a) any person brings an action to recover any land of a deceased person, whether under a will or on intestacy, and
(ii) on failure to take possession on a death.
(b) the deceased person—
(i) was on the date of his death in possession of the land or, in the case of a rentcharge created by will or taking effect upon his death, in possession of the land charged, and
(ii) was the last person entitled to the land to be in possession thereof,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on the date of his death.
(iii) on failure to take possession under an assurance.
(3) Where—
(a) any person brings an action to recover land, being an estate or interest in possession assured, otherwise than by will, to him or to some person through whom he claims, by a person who, at the date when the assurance took effect—
(i) was in possession of the land, or
(ii) was, in the case of a rentcharge created by the assurance, in possession of the land charged, and
(b) no person has been in possession of the land by virtue of the assurance,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on the date when the assurance took effect.
Accrual of right of action (future interests in land).
15.—(1) Subject as hereinafter in this section provided, the right of action to recover any land shall, in a case where—
(i) on falling into possession of future interest.
(a) the estate or interest claimed was an estate or interest in reversion or remainder or any future estate or interest, and
(b) no person has taken possession of the land by virtue of the estate or interest claimed,
be deemed to have accrued on the date on which the estate or interest fell into possession by the determination of the preceding estate or interest.
(ii) where previous owner out of possession.
(2) (a) If the person entitled to the preceding estate or interest, not being a term of years absolute, was not in possession of the land on the date of the determination thereof, no action shall be brought by the person entitled to the succeeding estate or interest after the expiration of twelve years from the date on which the right of action accrued to the person entitled to the preceding estate or interest, or of six years from the date on which the right of action accrued to the person entitled to the succeeding estate or interest, whichever period last expires.
(b) Where the State is entitled to the succeeding estate or interest, paragraph (a) of this subsection shall have effect with the substitution for the reference to twelve years of a reference to thirty years and for the reference to six years of a reference to twelve years.
(iii) saving for entailed interests.
(3) The foregoing provisions of this section shall not apply to any estate or interest which falls into possession on the determination of an entailed interest and which might have been barred by the person entitled to the entailed interest.
(iv) alienation while time is running.
(4) No person shall bring an action to recover any estate or interest in land under an assurance taking effect after the right of action had accrued to the person by whom the assurance was made or some person through whom he claimed or some person entitled to a preceding estate or interest, unless the person by whom the assurance was made could have brought such an action.
(v) future interest barred where present interest of same person barred.
(5) Where—
(a) any person is entitled to any estate or interest in land in possession, and
(b) such person is, while so entitled, also entitled to any future estate or interest in that land, and
(c) his right to recover the estate or interest in possession is barred under this Act,
no action shall be brought by that person or by any person claiming through him in respect of the future estate or interest, unless in the meantime possession of the land has been recovered by a person entitled to an intermediate estate or interest.
Accrual of right of action (forfeiture or breach of condition).
16.—(1) A right to recover land by virtue of a forfeiture or breach of condition shall be deemed to have accrued on the date on which the forfeiture was incurred or the condition broken.
(2) Where—
(a) a right of action to recover land by virtue of a forfeiture or breach of condition has accrued to a person entitled to an estate or interest in reversion or remainder, and
(b) the land was not recovered by virtue thereof, the right of action to recover the land shall not be deemed to have accrued to that person until his estate or interest fell into possession, as if no such forfeiture or breach of condition had occurred.
Accrual of right of action (certain tenancies).
(i) tenancy at will.
17.—(1) (a) A tenancy at will shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be determined at the expiration of one year from the commencement thereof, unless it has previously been determined.
(b) The right of action of a person entitled to land subject to a tenancy at will shall be deemed to have accrued on the date on which the tenancy is determined.
(c) No mortgagor or beneficiary shall, for the purposes of this subsection, be deemed to be a tenant at will to his mortgagee or trustee.
(ii) tenancy, without lease in writing, from year to year or other period.
(2) (a) A tenancy from year to year or other period, without a lease in writing, shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be determined at the expiration of the first year or other period.
(b) The right of action of a person entitled to land subject to a tenancy from year to year or other period, without a lease in writing, shall be deemed to have accrued at the date of the determination of the tenancy, unless any rent or other periodic payment has subsequently been received in respect of the tenancy, in which case the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on the date of the last receipt of rent or other periodic payment.
(iii) wrongful receipt of conventional rent under a lease in writing.
(3) Where—
(a) any person is in possession of land by virtue of a lease in writing by which a yearly conventional rent of not less than twenty shillings is reserved, and
(b) the rent is received by some person (in this subsection referred to as the wrongful recipient) wrongfully claiming to be entitled to the land in reversion immediately expectant on the determination of the lease, and
(c) no rent is subsequently received by the person rightfully so entitled,
the right of action of the last-named person to recover the land shall be deemed to have accrued at the date when the rent was first received by the wrongful recipient and not at the date of the determination of the lease.
(4) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to a tenancy at will granted by a State authority, and subsection (3) of this section shall not apply to a lease granted by a State authority or a lease the lessor's interest under which is vested in a State authority.
Right of action not to accrue unless there is adverse possession.
18.—(1) No right of action to recover land shall be deemed to accrue unless the land is in the possession (in this section referred to as adverse possession) of some person in whose favour the period of limitation can run.
(2) Where—
(a) under the foregoing provisions of this Act a right of action to recover land is deemed to accrue on a certain date, and
(b) no person is in adverse possession of the land on that date,
the right of action shall not be deemed to accrue unless and until adverse possession is taken of the land.
(3) Where a right of action to recover land has accrued and thereafter, before the right of action is barred, the land ceases to be in adverse possession, the right of action shall no longer be deemed to have accrued and no fresh right of action shall be deemed to accrue unless and until the land is again taken into adverse possession.
(4) For the purposes of this section—
(a) possession of any land subject to a rentcharge by a person (other than the person entitled to the rentcharge) who does not pay the rentcharge shall be deemed to be adverse possession of the rentcharge, and
(b) receipt of the conventional rent under a lease by a person wrongfully claiming to be entitled to the land in reversion immediately expectant on the determination of the lease shall be deemed to be adverse possession of the land.
Cure of defective disentailing assurance.
19.—Where—
(a) a person entitled in remainder under a settlement to an estate tail in any land has made an assurance thereof which fails to bar the issue in tail or the estates taking effect on the determination of the estate tail or fails to bar the said estates only, and
(b) any person (other than some person entitled to possession by virtue of the settlement) is in possession of the land for a period of twelve years from the commencement of the time at which the assurance, if it had then been executed by the person entitled to the estate tail, would have operated, without the consent of any other person, to bar the issue in tail and the said estates,
then, at the expiration of that period, the assurance shall operate, and be deemed always to have operated, to bar the issue in tail and the said estates.
No right of action to be preserved by formal entry or continual claim.
20.—For the purposes of this Act—
(a) no person shall be deemed to have been in possession of any land by reason only of having made a formal entry thereon,
(b) no continual or other claim upon or near any land shall preserve any right of action to recover the land.
Possession of one co-parcener, etc., not to be possession of others.
21.—Where any one or more of several persons entitled to any land as co-parceners, joint tenants or tenants in common have been in possession of the entirety or more than his or their undivided share or shares of such land for his or their own benefit or for the benefit of any person or persons other than the person or persons entitled to the other share or shares of such land, then, for the purposes of this Act, such possession shall not be deemed to have been the possession of such last-mentioned person or persons or any of them.
Possession of younger brother, etc., not to be possession of heir.
22.—Where a younger brother or other relation of the person entitled as heir to any land enters into possession thereof, then, for the purposes of this Act, such possession shall not be deemed to be the possession of the person entitled as heir.
Administration to date back to death.
23.—For the purposes of the provisions of this Act relating to actions for the recovery of land, an administrator of the estate of a deceased person shall be deemed to claim as if there had been no interval of time between the date of the death of the deceased person and the grant of letters of administration.
Extinction of title to land after expiration of period limited for actions to recover land.
24.—Subject to section 25 of this Act and to section 52 of the Act of 1891, at the expiration of the period fixed by this Act for any person to bring an action to recover land, the title of that person to the land shall be extinguished.
Equitable estates in land, and land held on trust.
25.—(1) Subject to section 44 of this Act, the provisions of this Act shall apply to equitable estates in land, including interests in the proceeds of the sale of land held upon trust for sale, in like manner as they apply to legal estates in land, and accordingly a right of action to recover the land shall, for the purposes of this Act but not otherwise, be deemed to accrue to a person entitled in possession to an equitable estate in land in the like manner and like circumstances and on the same date as it would accrue if his estate were a legal estate in the land.
(2) Where any land is held upon trust, including a trust for sale, and the period fixed by this Act has expired for the bringing of an action to recover the land by the trustees, the estate of the trustees shall not be extinguished if and so long as the right of action to recover the land of any person entitled to a beneficial interest in the land or in the proceeds of sale either has not accrued or has not been barred by this Act, but, if and when every such right of action has been so barred, the estate of the trustees shall be extinguished.
(3) Where any land is held upon trust, including a trust for sale, an action to recover the land may be brought by the trustees on behalf of any person entitled to a beneficial interest in possession in the land or in the proceeds of sale whose right of action has not been barred by this Act, notwithstanding that the right of action of the trustees would apart from this provision have been barred by this Act.
(4) Where any settled land, within the meaning of the Settled Land Acts, 1882 to 1890, or any land held on trust for sale is in the possession of a person entitled to a beneficial interest in the land or in the proceeds of sale, not being a person solely and absolutely entitled thereto, no right of action to recover the land shall be deemed for the purposes of this Act to accrue during such possession to any person in whom the land is vested as trustee or to any other person entitled to a beneficial interest in the land or the proceeds of sale.
Actions to recover settled chattels.
Actions to recover settled chattels.
26.—(1) Where any chattels are held upon trust, including a trust for sale, and the period fixed by this Act has expired for the bringing of an action to recover the chattels by the trustees, the title of the trustees shall not be extinguished if and so long as the right of action of any person beneficially entitled to the chattels either has not accrued or has not been barred by this Act, but, if and when such right of action has been so barred, the title of the trustees shall be extinguished.
(2) Where any chattels are held upon trust, including a trust for sale, an action to recover the chattels may be brought by the trustees on behalf of any person beneficially entitled in possession to the chattels or in the proceeds of sale whose right of action has not been barred by this Act, notwithstanding that the right of action of the trustees would apart from this provision have been barred by this Act.
(3) Where any chattels held upon trust, including a trust for sale, are in the possession of a person entitled to a beneficial interest in the chattels or in the proceeds of sale, not being a person solely and absolutely entitled thereto, no right of action to recover the chattels shall be deemed for the purposes of this Act to accrue during such possession to any person in whom the chattels are vested as trustee or to any other person entitled to a beneficial interest in the chattels or the proceeds of sale.
Actions to recover arrears of rentcharges, conventional rents, dower and annuities charged on personal property.
Limitation of actions to recover arrears of a rentcharge.
27.—(1) No action shall be brought or distress made to recover arrears of a rentcharge or damages in respect thereof after the expiration of six years from the date on which the arrears became due.
(2) In subsection (1) of this section, the word “action” does not include proceedings under section 37 of the Land Act, 1927 (No. 19 of 1927).
Limitation of actions to recover arrears of a conventional rent.
28.—No action shall be brought or distress made to recover arrears of a conventional rent or damages in respect thereof after the expiration of six years from the date on which the arrears became due.
Warrants under section 28 of the Land Act, 1933.
29.—(1) The Irish Land Commission shall not issue a warrant under section 28 of the Land Act, 1933 (No. 38 of 1933), in respect of any moneys which became due and payable to them more than six years before the date of the warrant.
(2) A warrant under section 28 of the Land Act, 1933, shall remain in force for a period of six years from the date thereof and no longer and shall not cease to be in force by reason of the fact that the person named therein as defaulter has died or otherwise ceased to be in occupation of the lands described therein during the said period.
Limitation of actions to recover arrears of dower.
30.—No action shall be brought or distress made to recover arrears of dower or damages in respect thereof after the expiration of six years from the date on which the arrears became due.
Limitation of actions to recover arrears of annuity charged on personal property.
31.—No action shall be brought to recover arrears of an annuity charged on personal property or damages in respect thereof after the expiration of six years from the date on which the arrears became due.
Actions in respect of mortgages and charges.
Limitation of actions by incumbrancers claiming sale of land.
32.—(1) No action shall be brought by a State authority claiming the sale of land which is subject to a mortgage or charge after the expiration of thirty years from the date on which the right of action accrued to a State authority or, if it first accrued to some person through whom a State authority claims, to that person.
(2) The following provisions shall apply to an action by a person (other than a State authority) claiming the sale of land which is subject to a mortgage or charge:—
(a) subject to paragraph (b) of this subsection, no such action shall be brought after the expiration of twelve years from the date on which the right of action accrued to the person bringing it, or, if it first accrued to some person through whom he claims, to that person;
(b) if the right of action first accrued to a State authority, the action may be brought at any time before the expiration of the period during which the action could have been brought by a State authority, or of twelve years from the date on which the right of action accrued to some person other than a State authority, whichever period first expires.
Extinction of title of mortgagee to mortgaged land after expiration of period for action claiming sale of land.
33.—At the expiration of the period fixed by this Act for a mortgagee to bring an action claiming sale of the mortgaged land, the title of the mortgagee to the land shall be extinguished.
Limitation of redemption actions (land).
34.—(1) (a) Where a mortgagee of land has been in possession of any of the mortgaged land for a period of twelve years, no action to redeem the land of which the mortgagee has been so in possession shall thereafter be brought by the mortgagor or any person claiming through him.
(b) Paragraph (a) of this subsection does not apply in respect of a Welsh mortgage.
(2) Where a mortgagee of land under a Welsh mortgage which provides that the rents and profits are to be applied in reduction of the principal moneys and interest has been in possession of the land for a period of twelve years commencing on the date on which all the principal moneys and interest have been satisfied, no action to redeem the land shall thereafter be brought by the mortgagor or any person claiming through him.
Extinction of title of mortgagor to mortgaged land after expiration of period for action to redeem land.
35.—Subject to section 52 of the Act of 1891, at the expiration of the period fixed by this Act for a mortgagor to bring an action to redeem land subject to a mortgage, the title of the mortgagor to the land shall be extinguished.
Limitation of actions to recover principal money secured by a charge on land or personal property.
36.—(1) (a) No action shall be brought to recover any principal sum of money secured by a mortgage or charge on land or personal property (other than a ship) after the expiration of twelve years from the date when the right to receive the money accrued.
(b) In its application to—
(i) a mortgage, interest on which is payable into the Church Temporalities Fund, or
(ii) a charge on land under section 31 of the Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1881, or
(iii) a charge on land under the Housing (Gaeltacht) Acts, 1929 and 1934,
paragraph (a) of this subsection shall have effect as if for the words “twelve years” there were substituted “thirty years”.
(2) The right to receive any principal sum of money secured by a mortgage or other charge shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed not to accrue so long as the property subject to the mortgage or charge comprises any future interest or any life insurance policy which has not matured or been determined.
Limitation of actions to recover arrears of interest on a mortgage or charge.
37.—(1) No action shall be brought to recover arrears of interest payable in respect of any principal sum of money secured by a mortgage or charge on land or personal property (other than a ship) or to recover damages in respect of such arrears after the expiration of six years from the date on which the interest became due.
(2) Where—
(a) a prior mortgagee or other incumbrancer has been in possession of the property charged, and
(b) an action is brought within one year of the discontinuance of such possession by a subsequent incumbrancer,
he may recover by that action all the arrears of interest which fell due during the period of possession by the prior incumbrancer or damages in respect thereof, notwithstanding that the period exceeded six years.
(3) Where—
(a) the property subject to a mortgage or charge comprises any future interest or life insurance policy, and
(b) it is a term of the mortgage or charge that arrears of interest shall be treated as part of the principal sum secured by the mortgage or charge,
interest shall not be deemed to become due before the right to receive the principal sum of money has accrued or is deemed to have accrued.
Extinction of right of mortgagee or chargeant to mortgage debt at expiration of period for action to recover land or claiming sale of land.
38.—At the expiration of the period fixed by this Act for a mortgagee of land to bring an action to recover the land or for a person claiming as mortgagee or chargeant to bring an action claiming sale of the land, the right of the mortgagee or such person to the principal sum and interest secured by the mortgage or charge shall be extinguished.
Extinction of right of mortgage or chargeant to principal sum secured by mortgage or charge on personal property after expiration of period for action to recover principal sum.
39.—At the expiration of the period fixed by this Act for a mortgagee or chargeant to bring an action to recover a principal sum of money secured by a mortgage or charge on personal property (other than a ship), the right of the mortgagee or chargeant to the principal sum and interest shall be extinguished.
Limitation of actions in respect of certain personal rights in or over land, such as right of support, etc.
40.—An action in respect of a right in the nature of a lien for money's worth in or over land for a limited period not exceeding life, such as a right of support or a right of residence, not being an exclusive right of residence in or on a specified part of the land, shall not be brought after the expiration of twelve years from the date on which the right of action accrued.
Extinction of personal right in or over land, such as right of support, etc., after expiration of period for action in respect of such right.
41.—At the expiration of the period fixed by this Act for any person to bring an action in respect of a right in the nature of a lien for money's worth in or over land for a limited period not exceeding life, such as a right of support or a right of residence, not being an exclusive right of residence in or on a specified part of the land, the said right shall be extinguished.
Restriction on recovery under section 26 of the Agricultural Credit Act, 1947, of interest on chattel mortgages.
42.—The sum in respect of interest due on foot of a chattel mortgage (within the meaning of the Agricultural Credit Act, 1947 (No. 14 of 1947)) which may be certified in an order under section 26 of that Act shall not include any interest which accrued due more than six years before the date of the order.
Actions in respect of trust property.
Limitation of actions against trustees.
43.—(1) (a) Subject to section 44 of this Act, an action to recover money or other property or in respect of any breach of trust, not being an action for which a period of limitation is fixed by any other provision of this Act, shall not be brought against a trustee or any person claiming through him after the expiration of six years from the date on which the right of action accrued.
(b) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of this subsection, a right of action shall be deemed not to have accrued to a beneficiary entitled to a future interest in trust property until the interest falls into possession.
(2) No beneficiary, as against whom there would be a good defence by virtue of this section, shall derive any greater or other benefit from a judgment or order obtained by another beneficiary than he could have obtained if he brought the action and this Act had been pleaded in defence.
Exclusion of actions against trustees in cases of fraud or retention of trust property.
44.—No period of limitation fixed by this Act shall apply to an action against a trustee or any person claiming through him where—
(a) the claim is founded on any fraud or fraudulent breach of trust to which the trustee was party or privy, or
(b) the claim is to recover trust property or the proceeds thereof still retained by the trustee or previously received by the trustee and converted to his own use.
Actions in respect of the estates of deceased persons.
Limitation of actions to recover personal estate of deceased persons.
45.—(1) Subject to section 46 of this Act, no action in respect of any claim to the personal estate of a deceased person or to any share or interest in such estate, whether under a will or on intestacy, shall be brought after the expiration of twelve years from the date when the right to receive the share or interest accrued.
(2) Subject to section 46 of this Act, no action to recover arrears of interest in respect of any legacy or damages in respect of such arrears shall be brought after the expiration of six years from the date on which the interest became due.
Exclusion of actions against personal representatives in cases of fraud.
46.—No period of limitation fixed by this Act shall apply to an action against a personal representative or any person claiming through him where the claim is founded on any fraud to which the personal representative was party or privy.
PART III.
Extension of Limitation Periods in case of Disability, Acknowledgement, Part Payment, Fraud and Mistake.
Chapter I.
Interpretation.
Interpretation (Part III).
47.—In this Part of this Act—
(a) “debt” includes any liquidated pecuniary claim;
“statute-barred debt” means a debt in respect of which the period fixed by this Act for the bringing of an action to recover it has expired;
“successor” means—
(i) in relation to a mortgagee—his personal representatives and any other person on whom the rights under the mortgage devolve, whether on death or bankruptcy or the disposition of the property or the determination of a limited estate or interest in settled property or otherwise,
(ii) in relation to a person liable in respect of a debt—his personal representatives and any other person on whom the liability in respect of the debt devolves, whether on death or bankruptcy or the disposition of the property or the determination of a limited estate or interest in settled property or otherwise;
(b) references to a right of action shall include references to—
(i) a cause of action,
(ii) a right to receive money secured by a mortgage or charge on any property or to recover proceeds of the sale of land,
(iii) a right to receive a share or interest in the personal estate of a deceased person;
(c) references to the date of the accrual of a right of action shall—
(i) in the case of an action for an account—be construed as references to the date on which the matter arose in respect of which an account is claimed,
(ii) in the case of an action upon a judgment—be construed as references to the date on which the judgment became enforceable,
(iii) in the case of an action upon a judgment mortgage—be construed as references to the date on which the judgment became enforceable and not to the date on which it was registered as a mortgage,
(iv) in the case of an action to recover arrears of a rentcharge, a conventional rent, dower or interest or damages in respect thereof—be construed as references to the date on which the arrears became due;
(d) references to a person in possession of land—
(i) shall, in the case of a rentcharge, be construed as including references to a person who is in possession of the land charged, but does not pay the rentcharge, and
(ii) shall, in the case of land (including a rentcharge) held under a lease in writing reserving a yearly conventional rent of not less than twenty shillings, be construed as including references to a person who, wrongfully claiming to be entitled to the land in reversion immediately expectant on the determination of the lease, is in receipt of the conventional rent;
(e) references to a debt—
(i) shall, in the case of a rentcharge or of a conventional rent, be construed as references to a gale of the rentcharge or of the conventional rent,
(ii) shall, in the case of interest, be construed as references to an instalment of the interest;
(f) references to a mortgagee who is by virtue of the mortgage in possession of any mortgaged land shall include references to a mortgagee who has obtained possession of the mortgaged land by virtue of an order of a Court.
Chapter II.
Disability.
Person under a disability.
48.—(1) For the purposes of this Act, a person shall be under a disability while—
(a) he is an infant, or
(b) he is of unsound mind, or
(c) he is a convict subject to the operation of the Forfeiture Act, 1870, in whose case no administrator or curator has been appointed under that Act.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) of this section but without prejudice to the generality thereof, a person shall be conclusively presumed to be of unsound mind while he is detained in pursuance of any enactment authorising the detention of persons of unsound mind or criminal lunatics.
Extension of limitation period in case of disability.
49.—(1) (a) If, on the date when any right of action accrued for which a period of limitation is fixed by this Act, the person to whom it accrued was under a disability, the action may, subject to the subsequent provisions of this section, be brought at any time before the expiration of six years from the date when the person ceased to be under a disability or died, whichever event first occurred, notwithstanding that the period of limitation has expired.
(b) Paragraph (a) of this subsection shall not affect any case where the right of action first accrued to some person (not under a disability) through whom the person under a disability claims.
(c) Where a right of action which has accrued to a person under a disability accrues, on the death of that person while still under a disability, to another person under a disability, no further extension of time shall be allowed by reason of the disability of the second person.
(d) None of the following actions—
(i) an action to recover land or money charged on land,
(ii) an action by an incumbrancer claiming sale of land,
(iii) an action in respect of a right in the nature of a lien for money's worth in or over land for a limited period not exceeding life, such as a right of support or a right of residence, not being an exclusive right of residence in or on a specified part of the land,
shall be brought by virtue of paragraph (a) of this subsection by any person after the expiration of thirty years from the date on which the right of action accrued to that person or to some person through whom he claims.
(e) This section shall not apply to an action to recover a penalty or forfeiture, or a sum by way of penalty or forfeiture, recoverable by virtue of any enactment, except where the action is brought by the party grieved.
(2) (a) In the case of actions for damages for negligence, nuisance or breach of duty (whether the duty exists by virtue of a contract or of a provision made by or under a statute or independently of any contract or any such provision) where the damages claimed by the plaintiff for the negligence, nuisance or breach of duty consist of or include damages in respect of personal injuries to any person—
(i) subsection (1) of this section shall have effect as if for the words “six years” there were substituted the words “three years”, and
(ii) this section shall not apply unless the plaintiff proves that the person under the disability was not, at the time when the right of action accrued to him, in the custody of a parent.
(b) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of this subsection, “parent” in relation to a person under a disability means his father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, stepfather or stepmother, notwithstanding that the relationship is illegitimate or in consequence of adoption under the Adoption Act, 1952 (No. 25 of 1952).
(3) In the case of actions for damages for slander, subsection (1) of this section shall have effect as if for the words “six years” there were substituted the words “three years”.
(4) In the case of—
(a) an action to recover an amount recoverable by a tortfeasor under section 4 or 5 of the Tortfeasors Act, 1951 (No. 1 of 1951), or
(b) an action to recover a penalty or forfeiture, or a sum by way of penalty or forfeiture, recoverable by virtue of any enactment where the action is brought by the party grieved,
subsection (1) of this section shall have effect as if for the words “six years” there were substituted the words “two years”.
Chapter III.
Acknowledgment.
Meaning of “acknowledgment”.
50.—In this Chapter, “acknowledgment” means an acknowledgment, under section 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 or 57 of this Act, made in accordance with section 58 of this Act.
Fresh accrual of right of action on acknowledgment (action to recover land).
51.—(1) Where—
(a) there has accrued to any person (other than a mortgagee) any right of action to recover land, and
(b) the person in possession of the land acknowledges the title of the person to whom the right of action has accrued,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the acknowledgment.
(2) Subsection (1) of this section shall apply to a right of action accrued to a person entitled to an estate or interest taking effect on the determination of an estate tail against whom time is running under section 19 of this Act, and on the making of the acknowledgment that section shall cease to apply to the land.
Fresh accrual of right of action on acknowledgment (action by mortgagee to recover land).
52.—Where—
(a) the right of a mortgagee of land to bring an action to recover the land has accrued, and
(b) either—
(i) the person in possession of the land acknowledges the mortgagee's title to the land, or
(ii) the person in possession of the land or the person liable for the mortgage debt acknowledges the debt,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the acknowledgment.
Fresh accrual of right of action on acknowledgment (action by incumbrancer claiming sale of land).
53.—Where—
(a) the right of an incumbrancer of land to bring an action claiming sale of the land has accrued, and
(b) the person in possession of the land or the person liable for the debt secured by the incumbrance acknowledges the debt,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the acknowledgment.
Effect of acknowledgment on right of action to redeem mortgaged land in mortgagee's possession.
54.—Where—
(a) a mortgagee is by virtue of the mortgage in possession of any mortgaged land, and
(b) the mortgagee acknowledges the title of the mortgagor or his equity of redemption,
an action to redeem the land in the mortgagee's possession may be brought at any time before the expiration of twelve years from the date of the acknowledgment.
Fresh accrual of right of action on acknowledgment (action in respect of personal right in or over land, such as right of support, etc.).
55.—Where—
(a) there has accrued a right of action in respect of a right in the nature of a lien for money's worth in or over land for a limited period not exceeding life, such as a right of support or a right of residence, not being an exclusive right of residence in or on a specified part of the land, and
(b) the person in possession of the land acknowledges the right hereinbefore secondly mentioned,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the acknowledgment.
Fresh accrual of right of action on acknowledgment (action to recover debt).
56.—(1) Where—
(a) any right of action has accrued to recover any debt, and
(b) the person liable therefor acknowledges the debt,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the acknowledgment.
(2) Where—
(a) the right of action of a mortgagee of land to recover the mortgage debt has accrued, and
(b) the person in possession of the land acknowledges the mortgagee's title to the land,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the acknowledgment.
Fresh accrual of right of action on acknowledgment (action claiming personal estate of deceased person).
57.—Where—
(a) any right of action has accrued to recover any claim to the personal estate of a deceased person or to any share or interest therein, and
(b) the person accountable therefor acknowledges the claim,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the acknowledgment.
Formal provisions as to acknowledgment.
58.—(1) Every acknowledgment shall be in writing and signed by the person making the acknowledgment.
(2) An acknowledgment under section 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 or 57 of this Act—
(a) may be made by the agent of the person by whom it is required to be made under whichever of those sections is applicable, and
(b) shall be made to the person or the agent of the person whose title, right, equity of redemption or claim (as the case may be) is being acknowledged.
Effect of acknowledgment on persons other than the maker or recipient.
59.—(1) An acknowledgment of title to any land by any person in possession thereof shall bind all other persons in possession during the ensuing period of limitation.
(2) Where—
(a) two or more mortgagees of land are by virtue of the mortgage in possession of the land, and
(b) one only of the mortgagees (in this subsection referred to as the acknowledgor) gives an acknowledgment of the mortgagor's title or of his equity of redemption,
the following provisions shall have effect—
(i) the acknowledgment shall bind only the acknowledgor and his successors and shall not bind any other mortgagee or his successors;
(ii) if the acknowledgor is entitled to a part of the mortgaged land and not to any ascertained part of the mortgage debt, the mortgagor shall be entitled to redeem that part of the land on payment, with interest, of the part of the mortgage debt which bears the same proportion to the whole of the debt as the value of that part of the land bears to the value of the whole of the mortgaged land.
(3) Where there are two or more mortgagors of land, and the title or right to redemption of one of the mortgagors is acknowledged, the acknowledgment shall be deemed to have been made to all the mortgagors.
(4) (a) An acknowledgment of a debt shall bind the acknowledgor and his successors but not any other person.
(b) An acknowledgment of a statute-barred debt shall not bind any successor of the acknowledgor on whom the liability devolves on the determination of a preceding estate or interest in property under a settlement taking effect before the date of the acknowledgment.
(5) An acknowledgment by one of several personal representatives of any claim to the personal estate of a deceased person or to any share or interest therein shall bind the estate of the deceased person.
Exemption of acknowledgment from stamp duty.
60.—No acknowledgment shall be deemed to be an agreement within the meaning of the Stamp Act, 1891.
Chapter IV.
Part payment.
Meaning of “payment”.
61.—In this Chapter, “payment” means a payment made, under section 62, 63, 64, 65 or 66 of this Act, in accordance with section 67 of this Act.
Fresh accrual of right of action on payment (action by mortgagee to recover land).
62.—Where—
(a) the right of a mortgagee of land to bring an action to recover the land has accrued, and
(b) the person in possession of the land or the person liable for the mortgage debt makes any payment in respect thereof, whether of principal or interest,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the payment.
Fresh accrual of right of action on payment (action by incumbrancer claiming sale of land).
63.—Where—
(a) the right of an incumbrancer of land to bring an action claiming sale of the land has accrued, and
(b) the person in possession of the land or the person liable for the debt secured by the incumbrance makes any payment in respect thereof, whether of principal or interest,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the payment.
Effect of payment on right of action to redeem mortgaged land in mortgagee's possession.
64.—Where—
(a) a mortgagee is by virtue of the mortgage in possession of any mortgaged land, and
(b) the mortgagee receives any payment from the mortgagor in respect of the principal or interest of the mortgage debt,
an action to redeem the land in the mortgagee's possession may be brought at any time before the expiration of twelve years from the date of the payment.
Fresh accrual of right of action on payment (action to recover debt).
65.—(1) Where—
(a) any right of action has accrued to recover any debt, and
(b) the person liable therefor makes any payment in respect thereof,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the payment.
(2) Payment of interest in whole or in part shall for the purposes of this Chapter be treated as a payment in respect of the principal debt.
Fresh accrual of right of action on payment (action claiming personal estate of deceased person).
66.—Where—
(a) any right of action has accrued to recover any claim to the personal estate of a deceased person or to any share or interest therein, and
(b) the person accountable therefor makes any payment in respect thereof,
the right of action shall be deemed to have accrued on and not before the date of the payment.
Formal provisions as to payment.
67.—A payment under section 62, 63, 64, 65 or 66 of this Act—
(a) may be made by the agent of the person by whom it is required to be made under whichever of those sections is applicable,
(b) shall be made to the person or the agent of the person in respect of whose claim the payment is being made.
Effect of payment on persons other than the maker or recipient.
68.—(1) A payment in respect of a mortgage debt by the mortgagor or any person in possession of the mortgaged property shall, so far as any right of the mortgagee to recover the property is concerned, bind all persons in possession of the mortgaged property during the ensuing period of limitation.
(2) Where—
(a) two or more mortgagees of land are by virtue of the mortgage in possession of the land, and
(b) one only of the mortgagees (in this subsection referred to as the recipient) receives any payment in respect of the principal or interest of the mortgage debt,
the following provisions shall have effect:—
(i) the payment shall bind only the recipient and his successors and shall not bind any other mortgagee or his successors;
(ii) if the recipient is entitled to a part of the mortgaged land and not to any ascertained part of the mortgaged debt, the mortgagor shall be entitled to redeem that part of the land on payment, with interest, of the part of the mortgage debt which, immediately before the recipient received the payment, referred to in paragraph (b) of this subsection, bore the same proportion to the whole of the debt as the value of that part of the land bears to the value of the whole of the land, less the amount of the payment.
(3) Where there are two or more mortgagors of land, and the mortgagee, being in possession of the land, is paid any sum in respect of the principal or interest of the mortgage debt by one of the mortgagors, the payment shall be deemed to have been made by all the mortgagors.
(4) (a) A payment made in respect of any debt shall, subject to paragraph (b) of this subsection, bind all persons liable in respect thereof.
(b) A payment in respect of a statute-barred debt shall not bind—
(i) any person other than the person making the payment and his successors, or
(ii) any successor on whom the liability devolves on the determination of a preceding estate or interest in property under a settlement taking effect before the date of payment.
(5) A payment by one of several personal representatives in respect of any claim to the personal estate of a deceased person shall bind the estate of the deceased person.
Appropriation of payment in respect of debts.
69.—(1) Where—
(a) there exists a number of debts, and
(b) the person liable therefor (in this section referred to as the debtor) makes any payment, whether on account or generally, to the person to whom he is liable (in this section referred to as the creditor), and
(c) neither the debtor nor the creditor appropriates the sum paid to any particular debt or debts,
the following provisions shall have effect:—
(i) if some of or all the debts are not statute-barred debts, the payment shall, for the purposes of this Chapter, unless the circumstances in which it was made indicate otherwise, be deemed to be appropriated pari passu in respect of each of the debts which are not statute-barred debts;
(ii) if all the debts are statute-barred debts, the payment shall, for the purposes of this Chapter, unless the circumstances in which it was made indicate otherwise, be deemed to be appropriated pari passu in respect of each of the debts.
(2) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section shall, where the debtor does not appropriate, operate to prevent the creditor from appropriating a payment made on account or generally to a particular debt or to particular debts or to all the debts (whether statute-barred debts or not), but such appropriation shall not by reason only of its being made by the creditor operate to make the payment a payment for the purposes of this Chapter in respect of such debt or debts, unless the circumstances in which the payment was made by the debtor so indicate.
(3) Where, under section 16 of the Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1896, a tenant against whom an ejectment has been brought pays two years' rent, the payment shall, for the purposes of this Chapter, unless the circumstances in which it was made indicate otherwise, be deemed to be a payment in respect of all arrears which, at the date of the commencement of the proceedings in the ejectment, are not statute-barred debts.
Endorsement of payment by creditor not to be evidence of payment.
70.—No endorsement or memorandum of any payment written upon any bill of exchange or promissory note by or on behalf of the party to whom such payment is made shall be deemed to be evidence of such payment for the purposes of this Chapter.
Chapter V.
Fraud and mistake.
Postponement of limitation period in case of fraud.
71.—(1) Where, in the case of an action for which a period of limitation is fixed by this Act, either—
(a) the action is based on the fraud of the defendant or his agent or of any person through whom he claims or his agent, or
(b) the right of action is concealed by the fraud of any such person,
the period of limitation shall not begin to run until the plaintiff has discovered the fraud or could with reasonable diligence have discovered it.
(2) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section shall enable an action to be brought to recover, or enforce any charge against, or set aside any transaction affecting, any property which has been purchased for valuable consideration by a person who was not a party to the fraud and did not at the time of the purchase know or have reason to believe that any fraud had been committed.
Postponement of limitation period in case of mistake.
72.—(1) Where, in the case of any action for which a period of limitation is fixed by this Act, the action is for relief from the consequences of mistake, the period of limitation shall not begin to run until the plaintiff has discovered the mistake or could with reasonable diligence have discovered it.
(2) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section shall enable any action to be brought to recover, or enforce any charge against, or set aside any transaction affecting, any property which has been purchased for valuable consideration, subsequently to the transaction in which the mistake was made, by a person who did not know or have reason to believe that the mistake was made.
PART IV.
Application of this Act and other Limitation Enactments to Arbitrations.
Interpretation (Part IV).
73.—In this Part of this Act—
“the Court” means the High Court.
Commencement of arbitration.
74.—(1) For the purposes of this Act and of any other limitation enactment, an arbitration shall be deemed to be commenced when one party to the arbitration agreement serves on the other party or parties a written notice requiring him or them to appoint or concur in appointing an arbitrator or, where the arbitration agreement provides that the reference shall be to a person named or designated in the agreement, requiring him or them to submit the dispute to the person so named or designated.
(2) (a) A notice under subsection (1) of this section may be served—
(i) by delivering it to the person on whom it is to be served,
(ii) by leaving it at the place in the State at which that person ordinarily resides or carries on business,
(iii) by sending it by registered post in an envelope addressed to that person at the place in the State at which he ordinarily resides or carries on business,
(iv) in any other manner provided for in the arbitration agreement.
(b) For the purposes of this subsection, a company registered under the Companies Acts, 1908 to 1924, shall be deemed to carry on business at its registered office in the State and every other body corporate and every unincorporated body shall be deemed to carry on business at its principal office or place of business in the State.
Application of Act and other limitation enactments to arbitrations.
75.—This Act and any other limitation enactment shall apply to arbitrations as they apply to actions in the Court.
Accrual of cause of action where agreement makes award thereunder a condition precedent to commencement of action.
76.—Notwithstanding any term in an arbitration agreement to the effect that no cause of action shall accrue in respect of any matter required by the agreement to be referred until an award is made under the agreement, the cause of action shall, for the purposes of this Act and of any other limitation enactment (whether in their application to arbitrations or to other proceedings), be deemed to have accrued in respect of any such matter at the time when it would have accrued but for that term in the agreement.
Power of Court to extend time where it sets aside award or orders arbitration to cease to have effect.
77.—Where the Court orders that an award be set aside or orders, after the commencement of an arbitration, that the arbitration shall cease to have effect with respect to the dispute referred, the Court may further order that the period between the commencement of the arbitration and the date of the order of the Court shall be excluded in computing the time fixed by this Act or any other limitation enactment for the commencement of proceedings (including arbitration) with respect to the dispute referred.
Application of Part IV to arbitrations under other Acts.
78.—This Part of this Act shall apply to an arbitration under an Act as well as to an arbitration pursuant to an arbitration agreement, and section 74 of this Act shall have effect, in relation to an arbitration under an Act, as if, for the references to the arbitration agreement, there were substituted references to such of the provisions of the Act or of any order, scheme, rules, regulations or bye-laws made thereunder as relate to the arbitration.
Saving for other enactments relating to limitation of arbitrations.
79.—This Act shall not apply to—
(a) any arbitration for which a period of limitation is fixed by any other enactment, or
(b) any arbitration to which a State authority is a party and for which, if that State authority were a private individual, a period of limitation would be fixed by any other enactment.
Arbitrations pending on the operative date.
80.—Nothing in this Act shall effect an arbitration commenced before the operative date or the title to any property which is the subject of any such arbitration.
SCHEDULE.
Enactments Repealed.
Part I.
Acts of the Parliament of Ireland.
Session and Chapter. | Title. | Extent of Repeal. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
6 Ann. c. 10 (Ir.). | An Act for the amendment of the law and the better advancement of justice. (1707). | Section 17, so far as unrepealed. |
8 Geo. 1. c.4 (Ir.). | An Act for the more effectual quieting of possessions, and preventing vexatious suits at law. (1721). | The whole Act, so far as unrepealed. |
Part II.
Acts of the Parliament of the late United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Session and Chapter. | Short Title or (if none) Title. | Extent of Repeal. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
48 Geo. 3. c. 47. | The Crown Claims Limitation (Ireland) Act, 1808. | The whole Act. |
9 Geo. 4. c. 14. | The Statute of Frauds Amendment Act, 1828. | Sections 1, 3, 4, so far as unrepealed, and 8. |
3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 27. | The Real Property Limitation Act, 1833. | The whole Act, so far as unrepealed. |
7 Will. 4 & 1 Vic. c. 28. | The Real Property Limitation Act, 1837. | The whole Act. |
3 & 4 Vic. c. 105. | The Debtors (Ireland) Act, 1840. | Sections 32 to 36, so far as unrepealed. |
5 & 6 Vic. c. 97. | The Limitation of Actions and Costs Act, 1842. | Section 5. |
6 & 7 Vic. c. 54. | The Limitation of Actions Act, 1843. | The whole Act, so far as unrepealed. |
7 & 8 Vic. c. 27. | An Act the title of which begins with the words—“An Act to explain and amend an Act of the last Session of Parliament intituled an Act for extending to Ireland”—and ends with the words—“and to explain and amend the said Act”. (1844). | The whole Act, so far as unrepealed. |
14 & 15 Vic. c. 93. | The Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act, 1851. | Paragraph 4 of section 10, save in so far as it relates to summary proceedings of a criminal nature in the District Court. |
16 & 17 Vic. c. 113. | The Common Law Procedure Amendment Act (Ireland), 1853. | Sections 20 to 27. |
19 & 20 Vic. c. 97. | The Mercantile Law Amendment Act, 1856. | Sections 9 to 14. |
22 Vic. c. 14. | The Manor Courts Abolition (Ireland) Act, 1859. | The whole Act. |
23 & 24 Vic. c. 38. | The Law of Property Amendment Act, 1860. | Section 13. |
33 & 34 Vic. c. 46. | The Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act, 1870. | In section 50, the words “No arrears of any annuity charged on land in pursuance of this Act shall be recoverable after the expiration of two years from the date at which the sum in arrear became due;”. |
37 & 38 Vic. c. 57. | The Real Property Limitation Act, 1874. | The whole Act. |
39 & 40 Vic. c. 37. | The Nullum Tempus (Ireland) Act, 1876. | The whole Act. |
40 & 41 Vic. c. 57. | The Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland), 1877. | Subsection (2) of section 28. |
47 & 48 Vic. c. 71. | The Intestates Estates Act, 1884. | In section 3, the words “within the same time and”. |
51 & 52 Vic. c. 59. | The Trustee Act, 1888. | The whole Act, so far as unrepealed. |
6 Edw. 7. c. 28. | The Crown Lands Act, 1906. | Section 9. |
Part III.
Acts of the Oireachtas of Saorstát Éireann.
Number and Year. | Short Title. | Extent of Repeal. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
No. 27 of 1924. | Subsection (2) of section 38, to the extent to which it is inconsistent with this Act. | |
No. 36 of 1933. | In paragraph (c) of subsection (1) of section 19, the word “and” at the end of the paragraph; paragraph (d) of subsection (1) of section 19. |
Part IV.
Acts of the Oireachtas.
Number and Year. | Short Title. | Extent of Repeal. |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
No. 26 of 1939. | Section 6, to the extent to which it is inconsistent with this Act. | |
No. 18 of 1954. | Section 311, to the extent to which it is inconsistent with this Act. | |
No. 26 of 1954. | In subsection (1) of section 2, the definition of the expression “the statutes of limitation”; in subsection (1) of section 3, the words “and for the purpose of the statutes of limitation as applying to arbitrations”; sections 42 to 44. |